基于sg3525设计单相正弦波spwm逆变电源外文翻译

A1A0A2A31外文文献SWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLYASWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLYALSOSWITCHINGMODEPOWERSUPPLY,SMPS,ORSIMPLYSWITCHERISANELECTRONICPOWERSUPPLYUNITPSUTHATINCORPORATESASWITCHINGREGULATORWHILEALINEARREGULATORMAINTAINSTHEDESIREDOUTPUTVOLTAGEBYDISSIPATINGEXCESSPOWERINAPASSPOWERTRANSISTOR,THESWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLYSWITCHESAPOWERTRANSISTORBETWEENSATURATIONFULLONANDCUTOFFCOMPLETELYOFFWITHAVARIABLEDUTYCYCLEWHOSEAVERAGEISTHEDESIREDOUTPUTVOLTAGEITSWITCHESATAMUCHHIGHERFREQUENCYTENSTOHUNDREDSOFKHZTHANTHATOFTHEACLINEMAINS,WHICHMEANSTHATTHETRANSFORMERTHATITFEEDSCANBEMUCHSMALLERTHANONECONNECTEDDIRECTLYTOTHELINE/MAINSSWITCHINGCREATESARECTANGULARWAVEFORMTHATTYPICALLYGOESTOTHEPRIMARYOFTHETRANSFORMERTYPICALLYSEVERALSECONDARIESFEEDRECTIFIERS,SERIESINDUCTORS,ANDFILTERCAPACITORSTOPROVIDEVARIOUSDCOUTPUTSWITHLOWRIPPLETHEMAINADVANTAGEOFTHISMETHODISGREATEREFFICIENCYBECAUSETHESWITCHINGTRANSISTORDISSIPATESLITTLEPOWERINTHESATURATEDSTATEANDTHEOFFSTATECOMPAREDTOTHESEMICONDUCTINGSTATEACTIVEREGIONOTHERADVANTAGESINCLUDESMALLERSIZEANDLIGHTERWEIGHTFROMTHEELIMINATIONOFLOWFREQUENCYTRANSFORMERSWHICHHAVEAHIGHWEIGHTANDLOWERHEATGENERATIONDUETOHIGHEREFFICIENCYDISADVANTAGESINCLUDEGREATERCOMPLEXITY,THEGENERATIONOFHIGHAMPLITUDE,HIGHFREQUENCYENERGYTHATTHELOWPASSFILTERMUSTBLOCKTOAVOIDELECTROMAGNETICINTERFERENCEEMI,ANDARIPPLEVOLTAGEATTHESWITCHINGFREQUENCYANDTHEHARMONICFREQUENCIESTHEREOFANOTEABOUTTERMINOLOGYALTHOUGHTHETERM“POWERSUPPLY“HASBEENINUSESINCERADIOSWEREFIRSTPOWEREDFROMTHELINE/MAINS,THATDOESNOTMEANTHATITISASOURCEOFPOWER,INTHESENSETHATABATTERYPROVIDESPOWERITISSIMPLYADEVICETHATUSUALLYACCEPTSCOMMERCIALACPOWERANDPROVIDESONEORMOREDCOUTPUTSITWOULDBEMORECORRECTLYREFERREDTOASAPOWERCONVERTER,BUTLONGUSAGEHASESTABLISHEDTHETERMCLASSIFICATIONSMPSCANBECLASSIFIEDINTOFOURTYPESACCORDINGTOTHEINPUTANDOUTPUTWAVEFORMSACIN,DCOUTRECTIFIER,OFFLINECONVERTERINPUTSTAGEDCIN,DCOUTVOLTAGECONVERTER,ORCURRENTCONVERTER,ORDCTODCCONVERTERA5A4A6A7A8A9A10A12A13A11A142ACIN,ACOUTFREQUENCYCHANGER,CYCLOCONVERTER,TRANSFORMERDCIN,ACOUTINVERTERINPUTRECTIFIERSTAGEIFTHESMPSHASANACINPUT,THENTHEFIRSTSTAGEISTOCONVERTTHEINPUTTODCTHISISCALLEDRECTIFICATIONTHERECTIFIERCIRCUITCANBECONFIGUREDASAVOLTAGEDOUBLERBYTHEADDITIONOFASWITCHOPERATEDEITHERMANUALLYORAUTOMATICALLYTHISISAFEATUREOFLARGERSUPPLIESTOPERMITOPERATIONFROMNOMINALLY120VOLTOR240VOLTSUPPLIESTHERECTIFIERPRODUCESANUNREGULATEDDCVOLTAGEWHICHISTHENSENTTOALARGEFILTERCAPACITORTHECURRENTDRAWNFROMTHEMAINSSUPPLYBYTHISRECTIFIERCIRCUITOCCURSINSHORTPULSESAROUNDTHEACVOLTAGEPEAKSTHESEPULSESHAVESIGNIFICANTHIGHFREQUENCYENERGYWHICHREDUCESTHEPOWERFACTORSPECIALCONTROLTECHNIQUESCANBEEMPLOYEDBYTHEFOLLOWINGSMPSTOFORCETHEAVERAGEINPUTCURRENTTOFOLLOWTHESINUSOIDALSHAPEOFTHEACINPUTVOLTAGETHUSTHEDESIGNERSHOULDTRYCORRECTINGTHEPOWERFACTORANSMPSWITHADCINPUTDOESNOTREQUIRETHISSTAGEANSMPSDESIGNEDFORACINPUTCANOFTENBERUNFROMADCSUPPLYFOR230VACTHISWOULDBE330VDC,ASTHEDCPASSESTHROUGHTHERECTIFIERSTAGEUNCHANGEDITSHOWEVERADVISABLETOCONSULTTHEMANUALBEFORETRYINGTHIS,THOUGHMOSTSUPPLIESAREQUITECAPABLEOFSUCHOPERATIONEVENTHOUGHNOTHINGISMENTIONEDINTHEDOCUMENTATIONHOWEVER,THISTYPEOFUSEMAYBEHARMFULTOTHERECTIFIERSTAGEASITWILLONLYUTILIZEHALFOFDIODESINTHERECTIFIERFORTHEFULLLOADTHISMAYRESULTINOVERHEATINGOFTHESECOMPONENTS,ANDCAUSETHEMTOFAILPREMATURELYIFANINPUTRANGESWITCHISUSED,THERECTIFIERSTAGEISUSUALLYCONFIGUREDTOOPERATEASAVOLTAGEDOUBLERWHENOPERATINGONTHELOWVOLTAGE120VACRANGEANDASASTRAIGHTRECTIFIERWHENOPERATINGONTHEHIGHVOLTAGE240VACRANGEIFANINPUTRANGESWITCHISNOTUSED,THENAFULLWAVERECTIFIERISUSUALLYUSEDANDTHEDOWNSTREAMINVERTERSTAGEISSIMPLYDESIGNEDTOBEFLEXIBLEENOUGHTOACCEPTTHEWIDERANGEOFDCVOLTAGESTHATWILLBEPRODUCEDBYTHERECTIFIERSTAGEINHIGHERPOWERSMPSS,SOMEFORMOFAUTOMATICRANGESWITCHINGMAYBEUSEDINVERTERSTAGETHEINVERTERSTAGECONVERTSDC,WHETHERDIRECTLYFROMTHEINPUTORFROMTHERECTIFIERSTAGEDESCRIBEDABOVE,TOACBYRUNNINGITTHROUGHAPOWEROSCILLATOR,WHOSEOUTPUTTRANSFORMERISVERYSMALLWITHFEWWINDINGSATAFREQUENCYOFTENSORHUNDREDSOFKILOHERTZKHZTHEFREQUENCYISUSUALLYCHOSENTOBEABOVE20KHZ,TOMAKEITINAUDIBLETOHUMANSTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEISOPTICALLYCOUPLEDTOTHEINPUTANDTHUSA15A11A16A173VERYTIGHTLYCONTROLLEDTHESWITCHINGISIMPLEMENTEDASAMULTISTAGETOACHIEVEHIGHGAINMOSFETAMPLIFIERMOSFETSAREATYPEOFTRANSISTORWITHALOWONRESISTANCEANDAHIGHCURRENTHANDLINGCAPACITYSINCEONLYTHELASTSTAGEHASALARGEDUTYCYCLE,PREVIOUSSTAGESCANBEIMPLEMENTEDBYBIPOLARTRANSISTORSLEADINGTOROUGHLYTHESAMEEFFICIENCYTHESECONDLASTSTAGENEEDSTOBEOFACOMPLEMENTARYDESIGN,WHEREONETRANSISTORCHARGESTHELASTMOSFETANDANOTHERONEDISCHARGESTHEMOSFETADESIGNUSINGARESISTORWOULDRUNIDLEMOSTOFTHETIMEANDREDUCEEFFICIENCYALLEARLIERSTAGESDONOTWEIGHTINTOEFFICIENCYBECAUSEPOWERDECREASESBYAFACTOROF10FOREVERYSTAGEGOINGBACKWARDSANDTHUSTHEEARLIERSTAGESARERESPONSIBLEFORATMOST1OFTHEEFFICIENCYTHISSECTIONREFERSTOTHEBLOCKMARKEDCHOPPERINTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMVOLTAGECONVERTERANDOUTPUTRECTIFIERIFTHEOUTPUTISREQUIREDTOBEISOLATEDFROMTHEINPUT,ASISUSUALLYTHECASEINMAINSPOWERSUPPLIES,THEINVERTEDACISUSEDTODRIVETHEPRIMARYWINDINGOFAHIGHFREQUENCYTRANSFORMERTHISCONVERTSTHEVOLTAGEUPORDOWNTOTHEREQUIREDOUTPUTLEVELONITSSECONDARYWINDINGTHEOUTPUTTRANSFORMERINTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMSERVESTHISPURPOSEIFADCOUTPUTISREQUIRED,THEACOUTPUTFROMTHETRANSFORMERISRECTIFIEDFOROUTPUTVOLTAGESABOVETENVOLTSORSO,ORDINARYSILICONDIODESARECOMMONLYUSEDFORLOWERVOLTAGES,SCHOTTKYDIODESARECOMMONLYUSEDASTHERECTIFIERELEMENTSTHEYHAVETHEADVANTAGESOFFASTERRECOVERYTIMESTHANSILICONDIODESALLOWINGLOWLOSSOPERATIONATHIGHERFREQUENCIESANDALOWERVOLTAGEDROPWHENCONDUCTINGFOREVENLOWEROUTPUTVOLTAGES,MOSFETSMAYBEUSEDASSYNCHRONOUSRECTIFIERSCOMPAREDTOSCHOTTKYDIODES,THESEHAVEEVENLOWERCONDUCTINGSTATEVOLTAGEDROPSTHERECTIFIEDOUTPUTISTHENSMOOTHEDBYAFILTERCONSISTINGOFINDUCTORSANDCAPACITORSFORHIGHERSWITCHINGFREQUENCIES,COMPONENTSWITHLOWERCAPACITANCEANDINDUCTANCEARENEEDEDSIMPLER,NONISOLATEDPOWERSUPPLIESCONTAINANINDUCTORINSTEADOFATRANSFORMERTHISTYPEINCLUDESBOOSTCONVERTERS,BUCKCONVERTERS,ANDTHESOCALLEDBUCKBOOSTCONVERTERSTHESEBELONGTOTHESIMPLESTCLASSOFSINGLEINPUT,SINGLEOUTPUTCONVERTERSWHICHUTILIZEONEINDUCTORANDONEACTIVESWITCHTHEBUCKCONVERTERREDUCESTHEINPUTVOLTAGEINDIRECTPROPORTIONTOTHERATIOOFCONDUCTIVETIMETOTHETOTALSWITCHINGPERIOD,CALLEDTHEDUTYCYCLEFOREXAMPLEANIDEALBUCKCONVERTERWITHA10VINPUTOPERATINGATA50DUTYCYCLEWILLPRODUCEANAVERAGEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOF5VAFEEDBACKCONTROLLOOPISEMPLOYEDTOREGULATETHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEBYVARYINGTHEDUTYA18A19A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A284CYCLETOCOMPENSATEFORVARIATIONSININPUTVOLTAGETHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOFABOOSTCONVERTERISALWAYSGREATERTHANTHEINPUTVOLTAGEANDTHEBUCKBOOSTOUTPUTVOLTAGEISINVERTEDBUTCANBEGREATERTHAN,EQUALTO,ORLESSTHANTHEMAGNITUDEOFITSINPUTVOLTAGETHEREAREMANYVARIATIONSANDEXTENSIONSTOTHISCLASSOFCONVERTERSBUTTHESETHREEFORMTHEBASISOFALMOSTALLISOLATEDANDNONISOLATEDDCTODCCONVERTERSBYADDINGASECONDINDUCTORTHEUKANDSEPICCONVERTERSCANBEIMPLEMENTED,OR,BYADDINGADDITIONALACTIVESWITCHES,VARIOUSBRIDGECONVERTERSCANBEREALISEDOTHERTYPESOFSMPSSUSEACAPACITORDIODEVOLTAGEMULTIPLIERINSTEADOFINDUCTORSANDTRANSFORMERSTHESEAREMOSTLYUSEDFORGENERATINGHIGHVOLTAGESATLOWCURRENTSCOCKCROFTWALTONGENERATORTHELOWVOLTAGEVARIANTISCALLEDCHARGEPUMPREGULATIONAFEEDBACKCIRCUITMONITORSTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEANDCOMPARESITWITHAREFERENCEVOLTAGE,WHICHISSETMANUALLYORELECTRONICALLYTOTHEDESIREDOUTPUTIFTHEREISANERRORINTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGE,THEFEEDBACKCIRCUITCOMPENSATESBYADJUSTINGTHETIMINGWITHWHICHTHEMOSFETSARESWITCHEDONANDOFFTHISPARTOFTHEPOWERSUPPLYISCALLEDTHESWITCHINGREGULATORTHECHOPPERCONTROLLERSHOWNINTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMSERVESTHISPURPOSEDEPENDINGONDESIGN/SAFETYREQUIREMENTS,THECONTROLLERMAYORMAYNOTCONTAINANISOLATIONMECHANISMSUCHASOPTOCOUPLERSTOISOLATEITFROMTHEDCOUTPUTSWITCHINGSUPPLIESINCOMPUTERS,TVSANDVCRSHAVETHESEOPTOCOUPLERSTOTIGHTLYCONTROLTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOPENLOOPREGULATORSDONOTHAVEAFEEDBACKCIRCUITINSTEAD,THEYRELYONFEEDINGACONSTANTVOLTAGETOTHEINPUTOFTHETRANSFORMERORINDUCTOR,ANDASSUMETHATTHEOUTPUTWILLBECORRECTREGULATEDDESIGNSCOMPENSATEFORTHEPARASITICCAPACITANCEOFTHETRANSFORMERORCOILMONOPOLARDESIGNSALSOCOMPENSATEFORTHEMAGNETICHYSTERESISOFTHECORETHEFEEDBACKCIRCUITNEEDSPOWERTORUNBEFOREITCANGENERATEPOWER,SOANADDITIONALNONSWITCHINGPOWERSUPPLYFORSTANDBYISADDEDTRANSFORMERDESIGNSMPSTRANSFORMERSRUNATHIGHFREQUENCYMOSTOFTHECOSTSAVINGSANDSPACESAVINGSINOFFLINEPOWERSUPPLIESCOMEFROMTHEFACTTHATAHIGHFREQUENCYTRANSFORMERISMUCHSMALLERTHANTHE50/60HZTRANSFORMERSFORMERLYUSEDTHEREARESEVERALDIFFERENCESINTHEDESIGNOFTRANSFORMERSFOR50HZVS500KHZFIRSTLYALOWFREQUENCYTRANSFORMERUSUALLYTRANSFERSENERGYTHROUGHITSCORESOFTIRON,WHILETHEUSUALLYFERRITECOREOFAHIGHFREQUENCYTRANSFORMERLIMITSLEAKAGEA29A27A30A315SINCETHEWAVEFORMSINASMPSAREGENERALLYHIGHSPEEDPWMSQUAREWAVES,THEWIRINGMUSTBECAPABLEOFSUPPORTINGHIGHHARMONICSOFTHEBASEFREQUENCYDUETOTHESKINEFFECT,WHICHISAMAJORSOURCEOFPOWERLOSSPOWERFACTORSIMPLEOFFLINESWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLIESINCORPORATEASIMPLEFULLWAVERECTIFIERCONNECTEDTOALARGEENERGYSTORINGCAPACITORSUCHSMPSSDRAWCURRENTFROMTHEACLINEINSHORTPULSESWHENTHEMAINSINSTANTANEOUSVOLTAGEEXCEEDSTHEVOLTAGEACROSSTHISCAPACITORDURINGTHEREMAININGPORTIONOFTHEACCYCLETHECAPACITORPROVIDESENERGYTOTHEPOWERSUPPLYASARESULT,THEINPUTCURRENTOFSUCHBASICSWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLIESHASHIGHHARMONICCONTENTANDRELATIVELYLOWPOWERFACTORTHISCREATESEXTRALOADONUTILITYLINES,INCREASESHEATINGOFTHEUTILITYTRANSFORMERSANDSTANDARDACELECTRICMOTORS,ANDMAYCAUSESTABILITYPROBLEMSINSOMEAPPLICATIONSSUCHASINEMERGENCYGENERATORSYSTEMSORAIRCRAFTGENERATORSHARMONICSCANBEREMOVEDTHROUGHTHEUSEOFFILTERBANKSBUTTHEFILTERINGISEXPENSIVE,ANDTHEPOWERUTILITYMAYREQUIREABUSINESSWITHAVERYLOWPOWERFACTORTOPURCHASEANDINSTALLTHEFILTERINGONSITEIN2001THEEUROPEANUNIONPUTINTOEFFECTTHESTANDARDIEC/EN6100032TOSETLIMITSONTHEHARMONICSOFTHEACINPUTCURRENTUPTOTHE40THHARMONICFOREQUIPMENTABOVE75WTHESTANDARDDEFINESFOURCLASSESOFEQUIPMENTDEPENDINGONITSTYPEANDCURRENTWAVEFORMTHEMOSTRIGOROUSLIMITSCLASSDAREESTABLISHEDFORPERSONALCOMPUTERS,COMPUTERMONITORS,ANDTVRECEIVERSINORDERTOCOMPLYWITHTHESEREQUIREMENTSMODERNSWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLIESNORMALLYINCLUDEANADDITIONALPOWERFACTORCORRECTIONPFCSTAGEPUTTINGACURRENTREGULATEDBOOSTCHOPPERSTAGEAFTERTHEOFFLINERECTIFIERTOCHARGETHESTORAGECAPACITORCANHELPCORRECTTHEPOWERFACTOR,BUTINCREASESTHECOMPLEXITYANDCOSTQUASIRESONANTZCS/ZVSAQUASIRESONANTZCS/ZVSSWITCHZEROCURRENT/ZEROVOLTAGEI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8为G14270G2172开关来G1363用。逆变阶段G17882变直流G17728换G19466G8585，G7092论是直G6521输G1849或G1186整流G19466G8585输G1849，要变为交流需要通过一个电源G6403荡器，其输出变压器G7389很少的绕组，频率为几十或几百千赫（KHZ）。频率通常选择G4570超过G21G19千赫，G1363人们察觉G993到。输出电压是光耦合输G1849，G1186G13792可G1209非常严格的控制。开关是实施一个G3822G1505放大G14033G2159（G1209实G10628高G3698益）的G48OSFG40T。G48OSFG40T的是一种G7389低G4560通、高电流G14033G2159的晶体管。因为只G7389最G2530一个G19466G8585G7389一个大的占空比，可在G2081几个G19466G8585实施双极晶体管G4560致大致相同的效率。G12544二个最G2530G19466G8585需要一个相辅相G6116的G16786计，在一个晶体管G2530G6521一个相同的G48OSFG40T和一个放电G48OSFG40T的。G16786计G1363用一个电阻可G1209运行大部G2010的空闲G7114间，降低效率。G6164G7389早期G19466G8585G993G14033达到很好的效率，因为每一个G19466G8585功耗都会降低了G20G19G1505，G1186G13792早期G19466G8585负责最G3822G1147G10995G20的效率。电压转换器和输出整流器G3926G7536输出要与输G1849G2010开，常常G1328为工G1328电G17347提供主电源。G17882变交流是用来驱G2172主要绕组的高频变压器。这种G17728换的电压上升或下降到G6164需的输出电平可在其二次绕组。G3926G7536需要输出直流，纠正变压器输出的交流。输出电压为G20G19伏或G20G19G57G1209上的话，常用普通硅二极管。G4557于G17751低的电压，肖G10317基二极管G7114常用的整流元件它的G1260G2195，恢G3809G7114间比硅二极管G7368快（G1813G16780低损耗运行在G7368高的频率）和可G1209在电压下降G7114进行。甚至输出电压G7368低的G48OSFG40T可G1328为同步整流器与肖G10317基二极管相比，它们可G4570电压控制在G17751低G14551G3272。经过整流G2530的电压输出G17751平滑，然G2530通过一个电感器和电容器组G6116的过滤A60A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A7010器。G4557于G7368高的开关频率，G17751低的电容和电感元件是G5529要的。简单的说，非G19560离式电源包含一个电感，G13792G993是变压器。这种G12879G3423的电源包G6336升压G17728换器，降压G17728换器，G1209及G6164G16871的升压G17728换器。这些G4658于最简单的一G12879单输G1849，单输出G17728换器，它利用一个电感器和一个G7389效的开关。降低的降压G17728换器的输G1849电压的比率传G4560G7114间与G5647开关期间G6116正比，这G4613是G6164G16871的占空比。G1375G3926，一个理想的降压G17728换器与输G1849为G20G19G57运行在G24G19占空比，G4570G1147G10995平均输出为G24G57电压。G2465G20316控制G3250G17347是用来G16855G14422输出电压，通过G6925变占空比来G5369补G6249G1849的变G2282电压。输出电压的升压G17728换器G5647是大于输G1849电压的升压输出电压G2465G17728，G1306可G14033大于，等于或小于其G16280模输G1849电压。这一G12879的G17728换器G7389G16780G3822的变G2282和G6205G4649，G1306是这G989种形式都是基于几G1058G6164G7389的G19560离和非G19560离式DG38直流G17728换器。通过G3698G2164G12544二个电感的CUK和SEPIC整流器，或G13785通过G3698G2164G20081G3818的G12227极开关，各种G7737变换器可G1209实G10628。其G1194G12879G3423的开关模式电源是G1363用电容二极管电压G1505G3698G13792G993是电感器和变压器。这些都是主要用于G1147G10995高电压低电流（G1823G13611G3839G10317G16G8791G4584G20051G2469电机）。低电压变G5334G15999G12228为电荷G8905。条例G11429G8991G2465G20316电G17347的输出电压，并与它的G2454G13783电压相比G17751，期G7407G16786G13634G6175G2172的或电子的输出。G3926G7536G7389一个G19181G16835的输出电压，G2465G20316电G17347补偿G16855整的G7114机与该G48OSFG40T的是G6521通或关断。这部G2010的电G2159供应G15999G12228为开关稳压器。G7693G6466G4445全G16786计的要G8726，控制器可G14033G993会只包含一个G4408G12447的G19560离机制（G3926光耦合器）直流输出。电G14053，电G16282机和G5417G1699机用G2709的开关电源G1025的光耦合器严格控制输出电压。开G10627G11429管没G7389G2465G20316电G17347。相G2465，G1194们G1393G17194于持G13505G5670G4462电压和输G1849变压器或电感，并G6227G6297的输出G4570会是正弦的。G16786计G16855G14422补偿G4504G10995电容的变压器或线G3292。单极G16786计也G5369补G11925G9394G3250的G7692G5527。G2465G20316电G17347需G8726的运行功率，然G2530G6177可G1209G2469电，G1186G13792G3698G2164非开关电源。变压器设计开关电源变压器的运行在高频率。大部G2010的线性电源G6116G7424G14422G11477（G2460G14422G11477空间）在来G14270这G7691一个G1119实，即高频变压器G1363用的频率是远小于G24G19G18G25G19赫G1869。G7389几个G993同的G16786计，变压器G24G19赫G1869与G24G19G19千赫。G20330G1820低频变压器传输G14