全自动火灾报警系统设计单片机

摘要本论文研究了火灾报警器中的温度控系统。介绍了火灾报警器的现状，进行以52单片机为核心的火灾报警器温度控制系统的设计。论文首先介绍了基于AT89C52单片机的温度控制系统硬件设计。硬件部分由系统电源电路、信号输出电路、前端控制电路、数模转换电路、单片机及其周边电路、报警显示电路等组成。文中给出了电路图，并介绍了系统的工作原理。单片机及其周边电路模块采用了AT89C52作为微处理器；数模转换模块采用了ICL7135芯片；前端控制模块采用了CD4052芯片；报警显示部分采用发光二极管。软件部分由主程序、AD中断子程序、初始化子程序、显示子程序、AD计算子程序等组成。论文给出了各程序模块的部分原程序代码。关键词温度控制单片机AT89C52ICL7135设计任务1画出系统结构框图2画出电路原理图3写出详细说明书，G16213G8726书写工G6984，原理G2477G17860G8503G11842，计算主G16213G1815器件的G980G1135G2454数，并进行G1815器件G17885G63334画图G16213G8726G726画图G16280G14551化，画图G9177G7236，G12538号G16213G8726采用G3281G7643统G980，G13459G7477G3355G2260，G6564G1525用计算机画图5写出G1815器件明细G15932，并G19480G3324说明书G2530G19766目录1G17G13502论G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714I1G171G17G5353G16340G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G17G1711G172G17火灾报警器的现状G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G258G1711G173G17本设计的G4466现G17819程G17G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G258G71422G17报警器温控系统的G8022G17860G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G258G17G1732G171G17火灾G6518G8991器的分G12879G2656原理G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G258G17G1732G171G171G5875温G5347火灾G6518G8991器G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71432G171G172G5875G9907G5347火灾G6518G8991器G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71432G171G173G5875光G5347火灾G6518G8991器管理G7053G7708论G16789G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71442G171G174G2499G10135G8680G1319G6518G8991器G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G17G1742G171G175G3809G2524G5347火灾G6518G8991器G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71442G172G17火灾报警器的G17885G6333G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G1753G17系统硬件设计G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G17G1753G171G17系统的前端控制电路设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71453G171G171模G6323采G7691电路的设计G19059的设G4462G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71453G171G172模G6323G5332G18634052G8022G17860、G10317G9869G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G1773G172G17系统AG18D转换电路设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71473G172G171系统AG18D转换电路及其工作原理G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G17G1773G172G172ICL7135G8022G17860、G10317G9869G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71481、ICL7135主G16213G10317G9869G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71482、ICL7135的管G14062图及管G14062说明G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71493、ICL7135的G3818G3272电路G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714104、ICL7135G994单片机的G6521G2487G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G258G258G714113G173G17系统显示电路设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714133G174G17系统单片机电路设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714133G174G171单片机电路图及其工作原理G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714133G174G172AT89C52结构G12628G1929G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714141、G5627G14033G2454数G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714152、AT89C52单片机的主G16213G10317G5461G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714153G174G173单片机的G3818G3272电路G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714213G175G17系统电源电路设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714224G17系统软件设计G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G714G71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5875G7460G7021制成。G1375G3926G726G7143G10088G2524G18341或G9921G6947G13489G13548G7460G7021、G2464G18341G4658片、G9921电G1610、G9921G6947电G19471、G2334G4560G1319G7460G7021等。212、感烟式火灾探测器火灾的起火G17819程G980G14336都G1288有G9907、G9921、光G989种G10135G9915产物。G3324火灾初期，由于温度较低，物G17148G3822处于G19464G10135G19466G8585，G6164以产生G3835量G9907G19666。G9907G19666G7171早期火灾的G18337G16213G10317G5461之G980，G5875G9907G5347火灾G6518G8991器G7171G14033对G2499G16277的或G993G2499G16277的G9907G19666G12902子G2721应的火灾G6518G8991器。G4439G7171G4570G6518G8991部G1313G9907G19666G8999度的G2476化转换为电信号G4466现报警G11458的G980种器件。G5875G9907G5347火灾G6518G8991器有G12175子G5875G9907G5347、光电G5875G9907G5347、G9620光G5875G9907G5347等几种G3423G5347。G12175子G5875G9907G5347G6518G8991器G7171G9869G3423G6518G8991器，G4439G7171G3324电G12175G4472内G2559有G4581量G6930G4568G5627物G17148G708G19225G16241G709，G2499使电G12175G4472内空G8680成为G4560G1319，G1813G16780G980G4462电G8981G3324两个电极之间的空G8680中通G17819，G4568G13459使A04A3G4628部空G8680成电G12175状G5589，G13475电G2399作用G5430成G12175子G8981，这就给电G12175G4472G980个有效的G4560电G5627。G5415G9907G12902子进入电G12175化G2318域G7114，G4439G1216由于G994G12175子相G6521G2524而G19489低了空G8680的G4560电G5627，G5430成G12175子移动的减弱。G5415G4560电G5627低于G20056G4462G1552G7114，G6518G8991器发出警报。213、感光式火灾探测器物G17148G10135G9915G7114，G3324产生G9907G19666G2656G6930出G9921量的G2528G7114，G1075产生G2499G16277或G993G2499G16277的光辐G4568。G5875光G5347火灾G6518G8991器又称火焰G6518G8991器，G4439G7171用于G2721应火灾的光G10317G5627。即扩散火焰G10135G9915的光照强度G2656火焰的闪烁频率的G980种火灾G6518G8991器。G7693G6466火焰的光G10317G5627，G11458前使用的火焰G6518G8991器有两种G726G980种G7171对波长较短的光辐G4568G6947G5875的紫G3818G6518G8991器，另G980种G7171对波长较长的光辐G4568G6947G5875的红G3818G6518G8991器。紫G3818火焰G6518G8991器G7171G6947G5875G20652强度火焰发G4568紫G3818光谱的G980种G6518G8991器，G4439使用G980种固G5589物G17148作为G6947G5875G1815件，G3926碳化硅或硝酸铝，G1075G2499使用G980种充G8680管作为G6947G5875G1815件；红G3818光G6518G8991器基本上包括G980个G17819滤G16025置G2656透镜系统，用G7481筛除G993需G16213的波长，而G4570收进G7481的光G14033聚集G3324对红G3818光G6947G5875的光电管或光G6947电G19471上。214、可燃气体探测器G2499G10135G8680G1319G6518G8991器G7171对单G980或G3822种G2499G10135G8680G1319G8999度G2721应的G6518G8991器。G2499G10135G8680G1319G6518G8991器有G1664化G3423G2656G2334G4560G1319G3423两种G12879G3423。G1664化G3423G2499G10135G8680G1319G6518G8991器G7171利用难G10088G18341G4658G19094丝G2164G9921G2530的电G19471G2476化G7481G8991G4462G2499G10135G8680G1319G8999度。G5415G2499G10135G8680G1319进入G6518G8991器G7114，G3324G19094丝G15932G19766G5353起氧化反应G708无焰G10135G9915G709，其产生的G9921量使G19094丝的温度升G20652，而G19094丝的电G19471率便发生G2476化；G2334G4560G1319G2499G10135G8680G1319G6518G8991器G16213用G9801G6947度较G20652的G8680G6947G2334G4560G1319G1815件，G4439G3324工作状G5589G7114，遇G2052G2499G10135G8680G1319，G2334G4560G1319电G19471G991G19489，G991G19489G1552G994G2499G10135G8680G1319G8999度有对应G1863系。215、复合式火灾探测器G3809G2524G5347火灾G6518G8991器G7171对两种或两种以上火灾G2454数G2721应的G6518G8991器，G4439有G5875G9907G5875温G5347、G5875G9907G5875光G5347，G5875温G5875光G5347等几种G3423G5347。A45A322、火灾报警器的选择G5875温G5347火灾G6518G8991器G17878宜G4445G16025于起火G2530产生G9907G19666较小的G3342G6164，尤其G3324潮湿、粉尘等其G4439火灾G6518G8991器G993G14033G17878应的恶劣G10627G3671G991，更具有其G2499靠独G10317的优越G5627。G5875G9907G5347火灾G6518G8991器G17878宜G4445G16025G3324发生火灾G2530产生G9907G19666较G3835或容G7143产生G19464G10135的G3342G6164，G4439G993宜G4445G16025G3324G5191G7114G9907G19666较G3835或通风较快的G3342G6164。G5875光G5347火灾G6518G8991器宜G4445G16025G3324有瞬间产生爆炸的G3342G6164。G3926石油、炸药等化工制造的生产存G6930G3342G6164等。G2499G10135G5627G8680G1319G6518G8991器需用难G10088G18341G4658G19094丝G2164G9921或G9801G6947度较G20652的G8680G6947G2334G4560G1319G1815件对周G3272G10627G3671G16213G8726较G20652。G3809G2524G5347火灾G6518G8991器造G1227G20652，电器连G6521G13459路较G3822。针对设计的应用G10627G3671及各种G6518G8991器的G10317G9869，本设计用的G7171G17885G5875温火灾G6518G8991器。电G8680连G6521G12628单，工程G16855G16809G7053便，G1227G7696低G5277，G1306G5627G14033G2499靠，信G1227比较G20652。本设计G17885用PT100作为温度G1268G5875器。3系统硬件设计31、系统的前端控制电路设计本G8991G16809系统采用了AT89C52作为微处理器，采用G19094电G19471G708PT100G709作为温度G1268G5875器，采用了ICL7135芯片作为G8991温电路G994单片机的转换通道。G3324采G7691的G7114候通G17819模G6323G5332G1863CD4052切换，使ICL7135G14033分别采G7691G2052UXG2656UF的G1552。二极管G4466现报警G2163G14033。311、模拟采样电路的设计该部分主G16213G7171模G63232路温度信号，通G17819G16855G6984电G1313器，G16855G6984输入的电G2399，模G6323温度G2476化情G1929，验G16789G2530续电路的工作情G1929，G2528G7114用4052A46A3切换两路温度G1552。A5A6A7A8A9A10PT100A11A12A13A14312、模拟开关4052概述、特点1、模拟开关介绍与应用模G6323G5332G1863G7171G980种G989稳G5589电路，G4439G2499以G7693G6466G17885通端的电G5191，G1927G4462输入端G994输出端的状G5589。G5415G17885通端处G3324G17885通状G5589G7114，输出端的状G5589G2474G1927于输入端的状G5589；G5415G17885通端处于截止状G5589G7114，则G993管输入端电G5191G3926何，输出端都呈G20652G19471状G5589。模G6323G5332G1863G3324电子设G3803中主G16213起G6521通信号或断G5332信号的作用。由于模G6323G5332G1863具有G2163G13803低、速度快、无机械触G9869、G1319积小G2656使用寿命长等G10317G9869。G3252而，G3324自动控制系统G2656计算机中G5483G2052了广泛应用。1模拟开关的电路组成及工作原理模G6323G5332G1863电路由两个或非G19388、两个G3342效应管及G980个非G19388组成。模G6323G5332G1863真G1552G15932G16277G1593231。A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A23A24A15A257A262、模拟开关的工作原理如下G5415G17885通端G2656输入端G2528为1G7114，则S2端为，1端为，这G71141G4560通，2截止，输出端输出为，相G5415于输入端G2656输出端G6521通。G5415G17885通为0G7114，而输入端为G7114，则S2端为1，S1端为，这G71141截止，VT2G4560通，输出端为，G1075相G5415于输G1166端G2656输出端G6521通。G5415G17885通端为G7114，这G71141G26562G3355为截止状G5589，电路输出呈G20652G19471状G5589。从上G19766的分析G2499以看出，只有G5415G17885通端为G20652电G5191G7114，模G6323G5332G1863才会被G6521通，此G7114G2499从向G1268送信G5699；G5415输G1166端为低电G5191G7114，模G6323G5332G1863G1863闭，停止G1268送信G5699。4052G71714对1G3822路G5332G1863，其内部有两个完全独立的4G178851模G6323G5332G1863。由G159323G171G2499知，G5415INHBA0G7114，输出XG994输入X0G6521通，输出YG994输入Y0G6521通。G5415INHB0，A1G7114，XG2656Y分别G994X1G2656Y1G6521通，等等。信号只G2499从XIG708I0，1，2G709向XG1268送，从YIG708I0，1，2G709向YG1268送。32、系统A/D转换电路设计321、系统A/D转换电路工作原理该电路主G16213G7171由ICL7135芯片及其G3818G3272电路组成，其G2163G14033主G16213G7171G6238数字量转换成模G6323量，即G6238UXG2656UF的模G6323G1552转换成数字量送给单片机。A/D转换模块，G17139责G6238前端的模G6323电G2399转换成数字量并G1268输G2052单片机。由A/D转换芯片ICL7135及其周边电路G2656分频器4060组成。A/D转换芯片ICL7135G2499以完成模G6323量G2052数字量的转换，4060G17139责给ICL7135G6564供G2524G17878的转换G7114G19059信号。A278A28322、ICL7135概述、特点ICL7135G7171采用CMOS工艺制作的单片41G182G1313AG18D转换器，只G16213G19480G2164译码器，数码显示器，驱动器及电G19471电容等G1815件，就G2499组成G980个满量程为2G57的数字电G2399G15932。ICL7135G7171采用CMOS工艺制作G20652精度A/D转换芯片。G7171G980种四G1313G2334的G2464积分A/D转换器，只G16213G19480G2164译码器，数码显示器，驱动器及电G19471电容等G1815件，就G2499组成G980个满量程为2G57的数字电G2399G15932。具有精度G20652G708精度相G5415于14G1313二进制数G709，G1227G7696低G5277，G6251G5190G6212G14033力强等优G9869。4G1313G2334的最G20652G1313只有0，1，4又4分之3G1313最G20652G1313只有0，1，2，3有G7114称19999码G265639999码，G994A/D转换器的分G17788率有G1863。31/2G1313的G987用G15932G7171G6363最G3835显示数为1999的数字G987用G15932，G2563G257G7171G6363G2530G197663G1313G14033显示完全10进制G70809G709的数G11458，G2562G257G7171G63631999进G1313G2530G14033达G2052的G6984数G1313G1552即G2562G257，G2561G257即G6363首G1313数131/2G1313的G987用G15932，G3822用集成电路ICL7106，7107，5106等G999用IC设计。33/4G1313的G987用G15932G7171G6363最G3835显示数为3999G5483数字G987用G15932，G2563G257G7171G6363G2530G197663G1313G14033显示完全10进制G70809G709的数G11458，G2564G257G7171G63633999进G1313G2530G14033达G2052的G6984数G1313G1552即G2564G257，G2563G257即G6363首G1313数333/4G1313的G987用G15932，G3822用集成电路ICL9210，MAX134，MAX133等G999用IC设计。ICL7135具有G8503G1713920000个数的分G17788率，而G1000有BCD码G2656STBG17885通信号输出，G994微机G6521G2487十分G7053便，G3252此有G5468G3822文G12468介绍ICL7135作为微机的G20652精度A/DG6521G2487电路。本设计G994其G1194的设计G993G2528之处G7171利用ICL7135的G256BUSYG257输出信号G994单片机MCS52G15912G6521。1、ICL7135主要特点如下G3324G8611G8437AG18D转换前，内部电路都自动进行G16855G19658G6817作。A299A30G3324G1022000字G7082G57满量程G709G14551G3272内，G1457G16789转换精度G1021字。具有自动极G5627转换G2163G14033。输出电G8981G1868G3423G15521G51A。G6164有输出端G2656TTL电路相容。有G17819量程G708OG53G709G2656G8436量程G708G56G53G709G7643志信号输出，G2499用作自动量程转换的控制信号。输出为动G5589G6207G6563BCD码。对G3818G6564供G1857个输入，输出控制信号G11G53G18H，BG56SH，ST，G51OL，OG53，G56G53G12，G3252此除用于数字电G2399G15932G3818，G17836G14033G994G5334步G6521收G18发送器，微处理器或其G4439控制电路连G6521使用。采用28G3818G5353G13459G2464G2027G11464G6566G5347G4565G16025，G3818G5353G13459G2163G14033端G6502G2027。2、ICL7135的管脚图及管脚说明1ICL7135的管脚如图34所示2ICL7135个外引线功能端文字符号说明G57G16G252G252G17139电源端G57G252G252G3818G6521基G1946电G2399输入端AG42NDG252G252模G6323G3332INTG252G252积分器输出，G3818G6521积分电容G708CIG81G87G709端AG61G252G252G3818G6521G16855G19658电容G708CG68G93G709端BG56G41G252G