城市园林绿化植物养护技术规范（technical code for maintenance of urban landscaping plants）

城市园林绿化植物养护技术规范（TECHNICALCODEFORMAINTENANCEOFURBANLANDSCAPINGPLANTS）THEFIFTHCHAPTERISABOUTTHETECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSOFCITYLANDSCAPINGPLANTMAINTENANCE1GENERALPROVISIONSTHISSPECIFICATIONISAPPLICABLETOMAINTENANCETECHNOLOGYWITHINTHEADMINISTRATIVEAREAOFTHEPROVINCESPUBLICGREENSPACE,PROTECTIONGREENLAND,SCENICWOODLAND,RESIDENTIALGREENSPACE,ATTACHEDGREENSPACE,ROADGREENOFTREES,FLOWERS,ANDGRASSANDOTHERPLANTSTOBEFORPLANTSTHATHAVEBEENPLANTEDFORMORETHANONEYEAR,THEPRESERVATIONRATESHALLBE98,EXCEPTFORNATURALDISASTERSORENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION2CONSERVATIONOFTREES21TREECONSERVATIONTREEPROTECTIONSHOULDCARRYOUTPREVENTIONBEFORECURESPIRIT,MAKEPEOPLEREALIZE“THEPROTECTIONOFTREES,ISEVERYONESRESPONSIBILITY“DOAGOODJOBOFPREVENTIONOFNATURALDISASTERSTHEWOUNDSONTHETREESHOULDBECLEANED,DISINFECTEDWITHCHEMICALS,COATEDWITHPROTECTIVEAGENTSORPLASTER,SOASTOACHIEVEEARLYTREATMENT,PREVENTEXPANSIONFOUNDTHATTHETREEHOLESHOULDBEREPAIREDINTIME,TOPREVENTFURTHEREXPANSIONOFTHEROTTHEROTTENPARTSSHOULDBETREATEDBYSURGICALMETHODS22IRRIGATIONANDDRAINAGEALLTYPESOFGREENLANDSHOULDBEPROVIDEDWITHACOMPLETEIRRIGATIONANDDRAINAGESYSTEMACCORDINGTODIFFERENTTREESPECIESANDDIFFERENTSITECONDITIONS,SUITABLEANDAPPROPRIATEIRRIGATIONSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTTOKEEPTHEEFFECTIVEMOISTUREINTHESOILWATERANDAIRHUMIDITYREQUIREMENTSOFHIGHERTREESPECIES,INEARLYMORNINGOREVENINGWATERING,CONDITIONALSPRAYINGOFLEAVESBEFOREWATERING,YOUSHOULDLOOSENTHESOILANDMAKEACOFFERDAMTODOTHEWATERWELLEARLYANDLATESUMMERWATERINGWINTERWATERINGSHOULDBEATNOONWATERINGSHOULDBEDONEATONCE,ESPECIALLYINSPRINGANDSUMMERWATERFLOWCANNOTBETOOFAST,TOPREVENTSURFACERUNOFFFORVALUABLETREES,INTRODUCEDTREESANDNEWLYPLANTEDTREES,SPRAYTHETRUNKSANDTREESACCORDINGTOTHEWEATHER,DROUGHTANDPLANTGROWTHWATERAROUNDTHETREESAFTERTHERAINSHOULDBEPROMPTLYEXCLUDED23SONGSHI,WEEDINGLARGESHRUBWEEDSUNDERTHEERADICATION,ESPECIALLYSERIOUSHARMTOALLKINDSOFVINETREES,SUCHASSILKLIKEPARASITICPLANTSMUSTBEELIMINATEDTHESOILAROUNDTHEROOTOFTHETREESHOULDBEKEPTLOOSE,ANDTHESOILTHATISEASYTOHARDENSHOULDBEGROUNDONCEAMONTHDURINGTHESEASONOFTRANSPIRATIONTHEDEPTHOFTHESOILSHALLNOTBELIMITEDTOTHEGROWTHOFTHEROOTSYSTEMTREESPLANTEDINTHELAWNMUSTBECUTTOTHELAWNAROUNDTHETREEEVERYYEARWEEDINGSHOULDBEINSUNNYORSUMMERWEATHER,ANDTHESOILISNOTTOOWETUSUALLYIN50WHENSOILMOISTURE,NOTINTHEMUDDYSOILCONDITION,SOASNOTTODAMAGETHESOILSTRUCTURETHEUSEOFCHEMICALHERBICIDESMUSTENSURETHESAFETYOFGARDENPLANTSDONOTHARMITTHEWEEDSSHOULDBECLEAREDINTIME,TRANSPORTEDAWAY,BURIEDORMADEINDIFFERENTPLACES24FERTILIZATIONDORMANTTREESANDPLANTING,FERTILIZERDEMANDACCORDINGTOTHEGROWTHPERIODOFPLANTGROWTHPOTENTIALFERTILIZER,FERTILIZATIONINFLOWERINGSHRUBSSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTBEFOREANDAFTERTHEBLOSSOMTHEAMOUNTOFFERTILIZERWASDETERMINEDACCORDINGTODIFFERENTTREESPECIES,TREEAGE,GROWTHPOTENTIALANDSOILPHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESALLTYPESOFGREENLANDSHOULDBEDOMINATEDBYORGANICFERTILIZER,ANDORGANICMANURESHOULDBEUSEDAFTERBEINGDECOMPOSEDTHEAPPLICATIONOFTRACEELEMENTSANDOUTSIDEFERTILIZATIONTECHNIQUESTHEAPPLICATIONOFCOMPOUNDFERTILIZERANDLONGACTINGSLOWRELEASEFERTILIZERSHOULDBEPOPULARIZEDTREEFERTILIZATIONSHOULDBEDUGFIRSTFERTILIZATIONRINGDITCHTHEDIAMETERANDCROWNFITTHEDEPTHANDWIDTHOFRINGGROOVEAREFROM25TO30CMEXCEPTFERTILIZATION,FERTILIZERMUSTNOTTOUCHTHELEAVES,FERTILIZATIONSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTONASUNNYDAY25TRIMANDSHAPEPRUNINGCANADJUSTTHETREEBALANCEDTREES,TREESANDWATERREGULATINGVENTILATIONANDLIGHTDISTRIBUTION,PROMOTETREEGROWTHPLASTICISTHEARTIFICIALWAYTOFORMASPECIFICSHAPEOFTHEPLANTALLKINDSOFGREENTREESANDSHRUBSWITHNATURALTREEPRUNING,ORNAMENTALTREESFROMTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHESHAPING,ACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTREEGROWTH,CROWNORTREECULTUREINTOSHAPEARBORSMAINLYPRUNINGBRANCHES,BRANCHES,BRANCHES,BRANCHESANDINSECTPESTS,BRANCHESANDBRANCHES,SHITAMIE,TWISTEDBRANCHESANDDEADWOODTHEHEIGHTOFTHEBRANCHESOFTHEROADSIDETREESISSTRICTLYCONTROLLEDACCORDINGTOTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEROADINCASEOFOVERHEADLINES,THEYARETRIMMEDINCUPSHAPEDSHAPE,WITHUNIFORMBRANCHESANDROUNDEDCROWNSHRUBSSHRUBSSHOULDBEPRUNEDTOPROMOTELUXURIANTFOLIAGEANDDISTRIBUTEEVENLYTHEPRUNINGOFFLOWERINGSHRUBSISBENEFICIALTOTHEFORMATIONOFSHORTSHOOTSANDFLOWERBUDSANDFOLLOWSTHE“FIRSTUP,DOWN,DOWN“FIRST,INSIDE,OUTSIDE,GO,WEAK,STAYSTRONG,GO,STAYOLD“PRINCIPLE,BURSTFORTHTRIMHEDGEHEDGEPRUNINGSHOULDPROMOTEITSBRANCHES,KEEPTHEWHOLEPLANTFOLIAGEPLUMPALSOCANBEUSEDFORPRUNINGTHESPECIALSHAPEOFTHENEATLINES,TOGRADUALLYPRUNEHEDGETHENUMBEROFPRUNINGANDGROWTHASAHEDGEGROUNDCOVERANDCLIMBINGPRUNINGOFGROUNDANDCLIMBINGPLANTSTOPROMOTEBRANCHINGANDACCELERATETHEFUNCTIONOFCOVERINGANDCLIMBINGTHEPERENNIALCLIMBINGPLANTSSHOULDBEREMOVED,REMOVEOLDVINEBRANCHESWHENTHEBRANCHESAREPRUNED,THEINCISIONSMUSTBEMADEBYTHESECTION,ANDTHESCISSORSSHOULDBE45“INCLINED“ONTHEREVERSESIDEOFTHECUTBUD,ANDTHECUTSHALLBESMOOTH,ANDTHEGARDENPRESERVATIVESHALLBEAPPLIEDTHESTOUTLIMBSSHOULDADOPTSEGMENTCUTBRANCHMETHOD,PREVENTTEARBARK,THEOPERATIONTOTHECAUTIONDORMANTPRUNINGMAINLYFORSHAPINGSLIGHTLYHEAVYLPRUNINGGROWTHPERIODTOADJUSTTHETREEPRUNING,PRUNINGCUTSHOULDBELIGHT,TOAVOIDTHEPEAKPERIODOFTHEBLEEDINGTREEINTHEPERIODOFTREEGROWTH,BUDREMOVAL,TILLERINGANDTHINNINGSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTTHEADVENTITIOUSBUDSHOULDNOTEXCEED20CM,ANDTHEBARKSHOULDNOTBEPULLEDOUTWHENPEELINGCLEANTHERESIDUEANDCLEANITINTIMETOENSURETHECLEANLINESSOFTHESITE26PROTECTIVEFACILITIESENCLOSUREINORDERTOPREVENTVEHICLESANDMANMADEDESTRUCTIONOFGREENLANDANDCOLLISIONOFTREES,CANNOTAFFECTTHETOUR,VIEWINGANDLANDSCAPEUNDERTHEPREMISEOFTREESAROUNDTHEFENCEHEDGEOROTHERFORMSOFFENCINGTHETALLTREESINTHESTORMONTHEEVEOFTHEFALLENSHOULDBEPREPAREDTOPREVENTTHEPREVENTIONWORK,ACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALSITUATIONOFTREES,TAKETHEVERTICALPILLAR,LASHING,SOIL,RIGHTING,THINNING,PLAYINGPILEANDOTHERCOMPREHENSIVEMEASURESRESPECTIVELYPREVENTIVEWORKSHOULDBEDONEBYTHEENDOFJUNETHEWHOLETYPHOONSEASONSHOULDBECHECKEDATANYTIMEFINDOUTTHEPROBLEMANDSOLVEITINTIMERESCUEWORK1WHENTHESTORMCOMES,THETREESTHATHAVEFALLENANDINFLUENCETRAFFICSHOULDBETAKENTOTHESIDEWALK,ANDTHEBRANCHESOFTHECROWNSHOULDBETRIMMEDINTIMESOASTOMAKESURETHATTHEROADISCONVENIENTTWOAFTERTHESTORM,PRIORITYSHOULDBEGIVENTORESCUEFIRSTOFALL,TOPREVENTTRAFFICANDTHETREESWILLSOONBERESCUEDFORLOCALLYPLANTEDTREESDIFFICULTTOSURVIVE,THECANOPYSHOULDBESTRONGCUT,EVACUATIONNURSERYPLANTINGCONSERVATIONRIGHTINGTHETREEUPSIDEDOWNTHREE,AFTERTHESTORMSHOULDREMOVETHEREINFORCEMENT,UNSIGHTLYHINDERTRAFFICEASYTODAMAGETREES,WINTERSHOULDTAKEROOTUP,THEMAINRODDRESSING,FORTIFICATIONWINDBREAKCOLDPROOFMEASURES,COLDWORKSHOULDBEBEFORETHEENDOFDECEMBERWITHCAMBODIATHEBRANCHESANDLEAVESSHOULDBECLEAREDINTIME,ANDTHETREESWITHLODGINGDANGERSHOULDBESUPPORTEDANDPROTECTED27TREATMENTANDREPLANTINGOFDEADTREESMAINROADSANDSTREETGREENSPACES,ASWELLASPARKS,SQUARESANDOTHERMAINSCENICDEADTREESSHOULDBEDUGINCONJUNCTIONWITHTHEROOTSINTIME,ANDFILLTHEPITTHEDEADTREESANDANCIENTANDFAMOUSTREESMUSTBEEXAMINEDANDAPPROVEDBYTHECOMPETENTDEPARTMENTOFLANDSCAPINGADMINISTRATIONBEFOREEXCAVATION,ANDNOUNITORINDIVIDUALMAYDIGITUPWITHOUTPERMISSIONREPLANTINGTREESSHOULDUSETHEORIGINALTREESPECIES,ANDTHESPECIFICATIONSSHOULDBESIMILARIFTHEORIGINALTREESPECIESORSPECIFICATIONSARECHANGED,THEYMUSTBEINHARMONYWITHTHEORIGINALLANDSCAPEPATCHUPROADSIDETREESMUSTBECONSISTENTWITHTHEORIGINALTREESPECIES,THESPECIFICATIONSSHOULDBECONSISTENTASMUCHASPOSSIBLETHEPLANTINGSEASONISTHESAMEASTHEGREENPLANTINGSEASON3GROUNDCOVERPLANTSANDLAWNCONSERVATION31GROUNDCOVERPLANTSGROUNDCOVERPLANTSSHOULDBEGROUNDANDWEEDEDEVERYYEARBEFORETHEYARECOVEREDPREVENTDAMAGETOROOTSANDSTEMSWHILEWEEDINGWHENTHEWEATHERISDRYANDTHESOILISDRY,WATERITINATIMELYANDPROPERMANNERFERTILIZERSHOULDBEAPPLIEDBEFOREEARLYSPRINGGERMINATION,ANDTHINMANURESHOULDBEAPPLIEDDURINGGROWINGSEASONDEADPLANTSSHOULDBETIMELYEXCAVATIONANDREPLANTING,ANDFLOWERSTOCLEANUPANYLITTERGROTTOESWOODCOVERPLANTSSHOULDBEPRUNEDDURINGWINTERDORMANCY,SOTHATPLANTSSHOULDBEKEPTATALOWHEIGHTOFNOMORETHAN60CMDURINGTHEIRGROWTHBULBOUSPERENNIAL,TERRESTRIALPLANTS,FROM3TO4YEARSAFTERTHEGROWTHOFROOTS,CROWDEDSOASTOAFFECTITSNORMALGROWTH,ACCORDINGTODIFFERENTKINDSOFPHYSIOLOGICALHABITSINTORAMETSORUPDATETRANSPLANTATION32LAWNLAWNCOVERAGESHALLNOTBELESSTHAN95,SHOULDCONTROLPESTSANDDISEASES,TIMELYWEEDWEEDING,TOENSURETHENORMALCOLOROFTHELAWN,GOODGROWTH,NOOBVIOUSWEEDS,EMPTYLOTSSHOULDBETIMELYREPLANTINGTHEWATERINGMUSTBESOAKEDTHROUGHTHEROOTLAYERANDSHOULDBESOAKEDTHEDEPTHOFTHETAXIIS10CM,ANDTHEREWILLBENOACCUMULATEDWATERONTHEGROUNDFORALONGTIMETHEAMOUNTOFIRRIGATIONSHOULDBEDETERMINEDACCORDINGTOSOILQUALITY,GROWTHPOTENTIAL,GRASSANDOTHERFACTORSIRRIGATIONSHOULDBEMAINLYBASEDONIRRIGATIONORSOAKINGIRRIGATIONREMOVETHEWATERONTHELAWN,AVAILABLESURFACEDRAINAGEANDUNDERGROUNDDRAINAGEDITCHDRAINAGELAWNINTHEGROWINGSEASON,SHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHE1/3PRINCIPLESOFTIMELYPRUNING,TOMAINTAINACERTAINHEIGHTTHEHEIGHTAFTERPRUNINGSHOULDBE6080MMINCOLDSEASONAND80100MMINSUMMER,AND50TO70MMINWARMSEASONPRUNINGSHOULDBESMOOTH,NOEDGESLEFT,SHOULDBETIMELY,INADDITIONTOTHENETOUTOFGRASSTHELASTMOWINGOFWARMSEASONLAWNSHOULDBERENOVATEDTHENUMBEROFMOWINGYEARSDEPENDSONTHEGROWTHOFTHELAWNTHECOLDSEASONLAWNSUITABLEFERTILIZERINSPRINGANDAUTUMN,WARMSEASONTURFSHOULDBEINLATESPRINGORDORMANCYBEFOREANDAFTERFERTILIZATIONTHECOMPOUNDFERTILIZERSHOULDBETHEMAINFERTILIZER,ANDTHETIMEANDQUANTITYOFTOPDRESSINGSHOULDBEDETERMINEDBYTHEGROWTHOFTHELAWNLAWNINTHETREEALTAR,FLOWERBEDEDGESHOULDBECUTEDGE,KEEPTHELINESCLEAR,NEATLAWNDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSSHOULDBECONTROLLEDMAINLY,COMBINEDWITHPREVENTIONANDCONTROL,ANDMAINTAINECOLOGICALBALANCEBIOLOGICALCONTROLANDPROTECTIONOFNATURALENEMIESSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTASMUCHASPOSSIBLECHEMICALAGENTSSHOULDBESELECTEDFORCHEMICALPREVENTIONORCHEMICALREAGENTSWITHHIGHEFFICIENCYANDLOWTOXICITYEVERYYEARINAUTUMNANDWINTER,YOUCANUSEPRICKINGHOLESTOMAKEHOLESINTHELAWN,REMOVEOLDONES,SPRINKLEPEATORSANDGRAINS,INCREASETHEPERMEABILITYOFLAWNSOIL,ANDPROMOTELAWNGROWTH,ANDTHECAVESSHOULDSTAGGEREACHOTHERONEORTWOTIMESAYEAR,THEGRASSISCLEANEDOUTWITHARAKEORLAWNMOWERORNAMENTALLAWNISSTRICTLYPROHIBITEDTOENTERWHENTHELAWNISINBUD,THESOILISWETORHARDEN,ITISSUSPENDEDAFTERWATERING4FLOWERBEDSANDFLOWERCONSERVATION41FLOWERBEDSACCORDINGTOTHEGRADINGSTANDARDSOFFLOWERBEDS,TECHNICALMEASURESANDMANAGEMENTSTANDARDSFORGRADINGMAINTENANCEOFFLOWERBEDSAREFORMULATEDCHANGEMUSTBEDEEPPLOWINGHARROWFINEFLOWERSBEFORETRANSPLANTING,EXCEPTASPEOPLESTONE,GRASSCLIPPINGS,REMNANTSTEM,LEAVESANDOTHERDEBRIS,SHIZUJIFEITHEPROTECTIVEFACILITIESOFTHEFLOWERBEDSSHOULDBEKEPTINGOODCONDITIONANDTOENSURETHESAFETYOFPEDESTRIANSANDVISITORSASTEREOSCOPICFLOWERBEDSHOULDBEINHARMONYWITHITSSURROUNDINGSSETATTHEROADSIDEMOSAICULTUREWILLNOTAFFECTTRAFFICSIGHT,MOSAICULTURETOSTABLE,PREVENTTHEGALETHEMAINFLOWERBEDSCHANGETHETIMEANDSPACEOFFLOWERSIN10DAYS,ANDTHEFLOWERCOVERAGERATEISMORETHAN8542FLOWERSPREPARATIONOFFLOWERSCANBEPLANTEDINTHEPLANTING,ALLDAYLONGTHEMAXIMUMTEMPERATUREOF25DEGCWHENTHETEMPERATUREISHIGHERTHAN25DEGC,SHOULDAVOIDHIGHTEMPERATUREATNOONTIME,SHOULDBEINTHEMORNINGANDEVENINGORCLOUDYDAY,IMMEDIATELYAFTERTRANSPLANTINGWATERING,WATERINGTOPREVENTSOILEROSIONTOTHESTEMSANDLEAVESOFPLANTS,KEEPCLEANINTHEPERIODOFFLOWERGROWTH,TIMELYWEEDINGANDWEEDING,ANDAFTERAPPLYINGADDITIONALFERTILIZER,IMMEDIATELYSPRAYWATER,ANDDOAGOODJOBOFPREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSCHOOSETHEROBUSTGROWTHOFSEEDLINGSTRANSPLANTING,SEEDLINGSWITHBUDSBEFORETRANSPLANTING,WITHEREDFLOWERANDLEAVESTOTIMELYPRUNING,LACKOFPLANTTOTIMELYPLANTING,KEEPCLEANANDCOMPLETEFLOWERTHEREPLACEMENTOFFLOWERFOLIAGEINATIMELYMANNER,THECLASSMUSTBEFOREANTHESISSWAP,FLOWERINGTYPEMUSTBEINTHEFLOWERBEFORETHESWAPWOODYFLOWERSSHOULDBETIMELYPRUNINGANDSHAPINGPERENNIALBULBOUSFLOWER,TOUPDATE,EASYLODGINGFLOWERSTOTIECOLUMN5,TOPREVENTPOLLUTIONANDPESTCONTROL51PREVENTIONOFPOLLUTIONTHEDRAINAGEPIPENETWORKANDTHEDRAINAGEPIPENETWORKINTHEGREENSPACESHALLBEUNOBSTRUCTED,EFFECTIVEANDMUSTNOTLEAKIFTHEREISANYWASTEGASTHATISHARMFULTOTHEGROWTHOFPLANTSAROUNDTHEGREENBELT,ITSHOULDBEREPORTEDTOTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONDEPARTMENTINATIMELYMANNERTOPREVENTPOLLUTIONIFNECESSARY,THEPLANTVARIETIESTHATARERESISTANTTOHARMFULGASESSHOULDBEADJUSTEDITISSTRICTLYFORBIDDENTOCOLLECTWASTELIQUID,WASTERESIDUEANDDUMPEDPOLLUTANTSNEARTHEROOTOFTREESCHEMICALFERTILIZERANDCHEMICALSSHOULDBEUSEDREASONABLYANDNOTTOPOLLUTETHEENVIRONMENTORGANICFERTILIZERMUSTBEDECOMPOSEDAFTERUSE,DONOTUSEHUMANEXCREMENTANDTHECOUNTRYBANNEDTHEUSEOFDRUGS52PREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSMAINTAINTHEECOLOGICALBALANCE,MAKEFULLUSEOFTHEDIVERSITYOFGARDENPLANTSTOPROTECTANDPROLIFERATETHEENEMY,PREVENTANDCONTROLDISEASESANDINSECTPESTS,ANDCARRYOUTTHEPRINCIPLEOF“PREVENTIONFIRST,COMPREHENSIVEPREVENTIONANDCONTROL“INORDERTOIMPORTANDEXPORTSEEDLINGS,THERELEVANTPHYTOSANITARYREGULATIONSANDRELEVANTRULESANDREGULATIONSMUSTBESTRICTLYOBSERVEDDOAGOODJOBOFFORECASTINGANDFORECASTINGTHEPLANTDISEASESANDINSECTPESTS,PAYCLOSEATTENTIONTOTHEOCCURRENCEOFDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSINTHESURROUNDINGAREAS,ANDFORMULATEAGOODCONTROLPLANSTRENGTHENOBSERVATION,LOCALSERIOUSDISEASEANDINSECTPESTAREAMUSTBEDEALTWITHINTIME,TOPREVENTTHESPREADOFSPRAWLPROHIBITEDTHEUSEOFTOXICCHEMICALSANDORGANICCHLORINE,ORGANICCHEMICALPESTICIDES,CHEMICALPESTICIDESSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHERELEVANTPROVISIONSOFTHESAFEOPERATIONANDOPERATIONLARGEAREASOFPESTSANDDISEASESSHOULDBENOTIFIEDTOTHESURROUNDINGAREASINGOODTIME6TECHNICALFILESALLUNITSMUSTSETUPACOMPLETESETOFTECHNICALARCHIVESFORTHECONSERVATIONOFLANDSCAPEPLANTS,COLLECT,SORTOUTANDACCUMULATEDATAINATIMELYMANNERANDSUMUPEXPERIENCETECHNICALARCHIVESCONTENT1CLIMATICCONDITIONS,PHENOLOGY,MOISTURE,SOIL,TOPOGRAPHY,UNDERGROUNDSTRUCTURESANDOTHERNATURALCONDITIONSANDCHANGEDATAOFTHEGREENLANDTWOTHEHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTOFGREENLANDCONSTRUCTIONTHREERECORDSOFPLANTSPECIESANDCONSERVATIONMEASURESFOURAPPLICATIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGIES,NEWTECHNOLOGIESANDNEWACHIEVEMENTSOFINDIVIDUALTECHNICALDATAFIVERECORDOFDEADTREESSIXVARIOUSSTATISTICALTABLESANDSURVEYREPORTS,SUMMARIESANDSOONTHEANNUALTECHNICALARCHIVESSHOULDBECLASSIFIED,BOUND,COMPILEDDIRECTORY,FILETHETHIRDCHAPTERPESTCONTROLPESTCONTROLCANBECARRIEDOUTINTWOWAYSPREVENTIVEMEASURESHYGIENORDIRECTCONTROLTHERAPBUTINANDZYCHA,1973SCHWERDTFEG6R1970PREVENTIVEMEASURESINCLUDEMEASURESTHATMEETALLECOLOGICALREQUIREMENTSANDLOCALCONDITIONS,SUCHASLOCALSELECTIONSUITABLETREESPECIESANDINCLUDINGFERTILIZATION,STRENGTHENTHEEFFECTOFPATHOGENRESISTANCEANDPROTECTIONOFBENEFICIALORGANISMSCULTIVATIONANDMANAGEMENTMEASURESOFEMBARRASSMENTDIRECTCONTROLANDCORRECTDIAGNOSISISTHEBASISTOTAKEAPPROPRIATEMEASURESTOPREVENTANDCONTROLDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSDIRECTLYFIRSTOFALL,WEMUSTFIRSTTESTWHETHERTHEINFECTIONRANGEISABNORMALLYEXTENDED,BECAUSEONLYWHENTHESECONDITIONSOCCURISITWORTHWHILETOTHEBIOLOGICALCOMMUNITYLAUNCHAFIERCEOFFENSIVEDIRECTCONTROLMEASURESCANBEMECHANICALCOLLECTINGORCATCHINGPESTS,REMOVINGINFECTEDPARTS,CHEMICALORBIOLOGICALSECTION1CHEMICALCONTROLOFPLANTDISEASESANDINSECTPESTSCHEMICALCONTROLISNOWWIDELYUSEDTHISAPPROACHISTHEUSEOFTOXICSUBSTANCESTODISTURBTHEPHYSIOLOGICALPROCESSESOFHARMFULORGANISMSTHATKILLANDHINDERSUBSTANCESSUCHASANTIBIOTICSTHATPREVENTTHESPREADOFINFECTIONSUBSTANCESTHATREPELAFFECTTHESENSESOFAPEST,SUCHASAFOULSMELLINGSUBSTANCEATTRACTANTCANLUREINSECTSANDTRAPPINGALARGENUMBEROFBAIT,ISTHISKINDOFMATERIALPOISONORALLYBYINSECTMOUTHPARTS,PERCUTANEOUSBYPLANTEPIDERMISORABSORPTIONBYPLANTS,LIQUIDFLOWISTOXICPOISONSARETOXICORTOXIC,ANDSOMEARETOXICTOPLANTSANDTHEREFORECANHARMHOSTSSUBSTANCESUSEDTOKILLHARMFULMICROORGANISMSANDANIMALSARECOLLECTIVELYREFERREDTOASPESTICIDESPESTICIDESINCLUDEFUNGICIDES,INSECTICIDES,RODENTICIDE,ANDFUNGICIDESOMEOFTHESEDRUGSAREORGANICSUBSTANCES,ANDSOMEAREINORGANICS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