被动语态 (2)

1、go,被动语态,英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态,A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。 (把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。) 被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be动词过去分词,1.Bananas are grown in Hainan.海南种植香焦。,2.Many more trees will be planted in our school next year.我们学校明年将种更多的树。,3.Were the trees planted b

2、y him？ 这些树是他种的吗？,4.Young trees must be looked after. 必须照看好小树。,5. The building is being built. 那栋楼房正在建设中。,6.The homework has been finished yet. 家庭作业已经做完了。,了解被动语态,被动语态构成：be+P.P,2、形式: 1）一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P,1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态,2) 一般过去时：was/were+P.P,3) 情态动词+be+P.P,4) 一般将来时：will +be +p.p,5) 现在完成时：have/ha

3、s+been+P.P,6) 现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+P.P,什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。 请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： 主动语态:主语谓语宾语 被动语态: 例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动） 注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一

4、般现在时。 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,主语,（by+宾语）,be+过去分词,Our classroom,is cleaned,（by us）,every day,（被动）,1.He teaches English in our school.,English is taught in our school by him.,语态转换,宾提前变主,主变介by宾,动be加done,时态看主动。 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词,2.We planted many trees last years.,Many

5、 trees were planted by us last year.,一般过去时的被动语 态：was / were + P.P,3.We should plant many more trees.,Many more trees should be planted by us.,含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be + P.P,4.She will teach Class 6.,Class 6 will be taught by her.,一般将来时的被语态：Will / shall + be +P.P,5. Many countries have sent up satellites

6、 into space.,Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries .,现在完成时的被动语态: Have / has + been + P.P,现在进行时的被动态： be + being + P.P,6.She is teaching Class 6.,Class 6 is being taught by her.,I was given a book by her.,A book was given to me by her.,7.She gave me a book.,如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to

7、/for不能丢。如：（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell）,8. He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,这些动词真奇怪，主动 句中to 离开，被动句中to 回 来（feel, listen to, hear, let, have, make, look at, see, watch.,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,在被动语态中要注意的问题,在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面 我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。 一些使役动词(let, h

8、ave, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要 补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after c

9、lass. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动),9.They take good

10、care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grow

11、n,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are made,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now

12、.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week. 6.He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ _that for him.7. I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,neednt be done,was sent to,was made to do,has

13、 been given,把下列主动句改为被动句,Lily writes many letters every day. (主动) They visited this farm last year.（主动） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动）,Many letters,are written,（by Lily）,every day.,This farm,was visited,by them,last year.,3000 English words,have been learned,by us,so far.,翻译下列句子,电视机关掉

14、了。 The TV set was turned off. 2. 那小偷被抓住了。 The thief was caught. 3. 所有的窗户都被打破了。 All the windows were broken.,归纳总结方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ”来进 行。即： 变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动 语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yes

15、terday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一变,二套,三注意,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,把下列主动句改为被动句,1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk _ by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees _ by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room _clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief _ by the police. 5. T