2010届高考二轮复习阅读表达策略1

1、2010届高考二轮复习阅读表达策略【考纲展现】该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。【真题评析】（2009.天津卷原创解析）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, pu

2、sh the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had

3、to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning o

4、f that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think th

5、is arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were sh

6、opping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, cust

7、omers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart

8、.1. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words）【答案】 shopping carts【解析】词义猜测题。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。2. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）【答案】It was to make shopping

9、 easier and attract more business.【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）【答案】Because few customers used his carts.【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around hi

10、s market? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词-persuade people to give them a try.可知。5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it

11、accepted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。【专题预测】此题型与阅读理解相比，既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：1. 阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解

12、只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了，就能作对题目，而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。 2. 阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。3. 在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只有一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best titl

13、e of the passage? What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换Please find out th

14、e sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you ? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题

15、目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。【专题技巧】1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，标题要简洁,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，可

16、以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，其中主要看题目的第2、3、5小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题或者文章的main idea，把握语篇实质。 2、同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简单，只要对句子的意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后根据语句中的关键词，迅速找出在文中相对应的意义相

17、同的句子即可。另外还应注意这种替换中数字表达形式的变化，与主动句与被动句的边化。需要注意的是：考生在文章中准确找到原句后要将其完整的抄写在答题纸所给定的位置上，切不可只是写上第“某某”个句子（The XX sentence in paragraph XX. ）了事，这样是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等，注意上下文，前后句的联系；然后根据上下文的含义猜测出空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，看上下文是否通顺，最后确定答案。 上下文之间的关系通常有下列几种，这些关系通常通过一些连词表示出来： A同位关系

18、（并列关系） 标志词：and, also, likewise, similarly, too, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also, in the same way, equally, B递进关系 标志词：then; besides; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, further, C对比关系（转折关系） 标志词：but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, w

19、hile, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, D因果关系 标志词：because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, E让步关系： 标志词：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; F时间关系

20、 标志词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, G条件关系： 标志词：if, suppose（that）, supposing（that）, unless, in case, so（as）long as, so far, on condition（that）, provided（that）, providing（that）,without, I. 表示目的（意图） 标志词：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that, lest, for fear t

21、hat, as, H解释与被解释关系 标志词：is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is（that）, 例如: The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is working with companies and government officials on setting rules for use of portable music devices. The group says the best way to protect your hearing is to, limi

22、t listening time and use earphones that block out foreign noises. 根据横线后面句意及连词“and”；限制听的时间“和”利用可以阻止外部噪音的耳机，可判断前面与后面一致，故应是reduce the volume/turn down the player。 4、翻译句子：本题主要考查考生理解英语语句的基本能力，是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用的考察，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此，翻译时一定要先分析句子结构，找准句子的主干成分，然后

23、确定一些附属的部分，如定语，状语、插入语等等，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化、语序转化等技巧把英语中的从句（定语从句及名词性从句）和较长的短语往往单独翻译，从而把画线部分的长句翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。 5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据。每篇文章的作者会运用事实、分析原因或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点，本题型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答，首先要仔细地看懂问题，明确问题问的是什么，然后按照题意进行寻读，找到文

24、中的重要事实或细节，常与what, when, where, who, which, why等有关。常见题的提问方式： What cause? What does the writer really mean by saying? Why does the author mention? What are the reasons why? Which is the result of? Where in the passage does the author describe？ 6、开放性问题：是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，解答比较容易，要根据文章提供的线索，调动自己所学的综合英语知识，结合个

25、人的观点、经验选择较容易回答的点回答相关问题。这类题会有字数要求，回答必须完整，即怎么问，怎么答。如：要回答“which is the ”，不要只是说“The first/ second one.”要把句子写完整；回答“why”的问题时最好用上“because”。常见题的提问方式： What would you do if you were？ What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were ? 7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题，比

26、如设计图表题，推理判断题等，问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 还有，答题字数要求（Please answer within 10/15/20 words）：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（句子替代和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。新课程标准提高了对高中生英语阅读及写作能力的要求，但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍制约着学生这些能力的提高，要提高学生阅读表达能力，首先要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因素。 影响阅读表达的因素可分为知识性障碍和非知识性障碍。知识性障碍包括：词

27、汇障碍、语法障碍、背景知识障碍；非知识性障碍包括：心理障碍、阅读习惯、阅读速度、阅读技巧。下面就如何克服影响阅读表达的不利因素，提高学生的阅读表达能力谈几点应对策略： 1、克服词汇障碍，提高阅读能力。 重视英语词汇和习惯用语的积累。英语词汇大约有100万到120万，我们应当灵活运用构词记忆法。构词法包括：派生、合成和转化。掌握常用的前缀（un / dis / ir / super.）、后缀（less / ful / ment.）的含义和用法，就可以根据已知的前、后缀猜出它的派生词的意思，从而达到扩大词汇量的目的。如：前缀super有“超过、超越”的含义，可以猜出supertanker（超级轮船）、 superglue（超强力胶水）、 supermarket（超级市场）等词的含义。“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary. to build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.”这句名言指出了阅读和词汇量的关系，因此，只有多读，多记忆单词，扩大词汇量，真正把文章弄懂，弄明白，并会用自己的语言进行表达，才能有的放矢地把这种题型做好。 2、牢固掌握语法知识，破解长、难句。 阅读表达短文的句式结构较复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出