social parking- basic elements and core concepts

1、Social parking:basic elements andcore conceptsMario ChiesaIstituto Superiore Mario Boella Via P.C. Boggio 6110138 Torino, ITALYchiesaismb.itAlessandro Branciforti Istituto Superiore Mario Boella Via P.C. Boggio 6110138 Torino, ITALYbrancifortiismb.itRiccardo ToppanIstituto Superiore Mario Boella Via

2、 P.C. Boggio 6110138 Torino, ITALYtoppanismb.itFrancesco PoscaIstituto Superiore Mario Boella Via P.C. Boggio 6110138 Torino, ITALYposcaismb.itAbstractIn this paper we introduce the definition of a concept for a social-based service for the sharing and the exchanging of parking lots in urban areas,

3、in the general context of web-based services for the automotive domain.KeywordsCar, social car, social-based servicesACM Classification KeywordsH.3.5 Online Information Services: Web-based services.Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is

4、 granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.Copyrigh

5、t is held by the owner/author(s).AutomotiveUI 14, Sep 17-19 2014, Seattle, WA, USA ACM 978-1-4503-0725-3/14/09./10.1145/2667239.2667283General TermsDesign, Human Factors.IntroductionThe automotive domain is an interesting and promising domain for startups that want to establish from

6、scratch a new business, leveraging their skills in developing mobile applications and meeting a huge and growing market. Also car makers are willing (or forced) to enter into a new market where the availability of common platforms (iOS, Android, Windows, etc.) for developing new UIs and ecosystems t

7、o interact with the cars dashboard can be a big driver for customers buying decision. Joining two markets like the mobile and the automotive can be disruptive, especially for theautomotive market, and lead to complete different scenarios in few years, with new dominant companies, new business models

8、, and new market strategies 1,2. Several well-known companies and business cases are already on the market, acting as leaders in the new space of opportunities in front of them. In our research we wanted to define new design and market spaces for a possibly different service that could eventually ha

9、ve more opportunities to develop in a new market, rather than trying to survive and grow in an already crowded arena.A brief excursus into a long investigation about social-based servicesAutomotive social-based services can be distinguished into several groups, like: Driving directions Extending the

10、 mobile into the car Mobility demand Driving-related tasks Parking-related tasksDriving directionsThis is the oldest concept; standalone car navigators started as single-goal dedicated devices but now they are almost disappeared, leaving the arena to more versatile, trendy and powerful smartphones.

11、GPS precision can still be an issue, and dedicated in- dashboard navigators can have benefits from the integration with the vehicle, but for the average user this is not a plus. Collaborative versions of this service, with directions and updates about traffic conditions, accidents, touristic attract

12、ions, etc. provided by thecommunity of users, were developed both by dominant players like Tom Tom and new actors like Waze.Extending the mobile into the carEntertainment systems within the car are the first system to be controlled and managed through the smartphones of the driver or of the passenge

13、rs. They involve less constra and requirements than other systems related with driving tasks. As an example, they can allow the users to “bring with them” their music collection (playlists, songs, etc.) and accounts, and stream them through the cars loudspeakers while using the same user interface o

14、f their own smartphone. Another typical “extended” car feature is the hands free calling system, again with the same paradigm: car makers allow the car system to interact with the users smartphone, using it as one of the interfaces of their systems. All car makers are nowadays already shipping their

15、 cars with this integration, or dealing with Microsoft (Windows Embedded Automotive) 3, Google (Android Auto) 4, Apple (CarPlay) 5 to define commercial agreements and technical details.Mobility demandThis is a huge area of development and discovery, with several well-defined categories of services.

16、They have a common goal: to solve the demand of mobility in innovative and collaborative ways. We mention services like car-sharing (like Car2Go 6), car-pooling (like BlaBlaCar 7), ride-sharing (like Uber 8).ParkingThis is a relatively new and less explored area of intervention, where few small star

17、tups are proposing their concept and application to the public. Scarcity of parking lots is a huge problem in urban areas, and thedynamic in their demand, availability and exchange can be of great interest, from a research perspective. Most known solutions are proposed by SocialParking, Parking Karm

18、a 9, KurbKarma 10, Parko, and ParkTAG 11. These solutions try to design and support a community effort to increase the availability of parking lots, through rating or rewarding system.ParkTag let users report when theyre about to vacate an on-street parking spot to other users of the app who can the

19、n swoop in and bag the space. It lets users either do a specific handover of a parking spot to someone else, such as a colleague, friend or neighbor who they might actively want to help out. But the feature is additionally incentivized to help anyone in the ParkTag community because users who trade

20、their spots are rewarded with in-app credit that makes it easier for them to find a free parking spot on ParkTag in the future. On July 7, 2014, ParkTag received a seed of 680.000$ from Robert Bosch GmBH, Daimler, Carl Zeiss, Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, BASF, KfW Bankengruppe and High-Tech Gruenderfo

21、nds, a German venture capital firm.Core concepts for collaborative parkingThe basic elements for collaborative parking are: The subscribers, with their cars, parking demand (habits or needs), parking lots offering The parking lots, with their location, their availability, and other attributes, like

22、dimensions, cost, etc.We identify few mateps within the collaborative process: The expression of a need (“I will need to park”) The expression of availability(“I will leave a parking slot”) The match of a need and an availability (with space and time constra ) The confirmation of an agreement The us

23、ers approaching until the exchange The exchange itself Final confirmations and rewardingThe typical workflow can be detailed according to the point of view of the user who is seeking for a parking slot, or of the user who is offering a parking slot. The whole concept is based on giving the parking l

24、ot a person is leaving to another person who has made a specific parking request. The service aims to help drivers into their daily search for a parking lot trough the collaboration between users. This collaboration is made through several stepsThe request for a parking placeBefore the beginning of

25、the trip, users can start searching for a parking lot nearby their destinations. Basic information needed for completing this step are, the destinations address and the search radius in meters. Users can also add filters to the matched results in order to include only certain users or friends and se

26、t an estimated time of arrival. During the drive, the application will show all the results that match the above criteria: these are users that are available to wait for a parking swap. Drivers can choose where to park and, once the two users meets, the parking seeker can pay through the application

27、 the amount of virtual co due for the transaction.The offering of a parking lotThe process is split into two different steps:a. Parking and making the position searchableIn this step, the user has just parked his vehicle and wants to share her/his parking lot position with others. In addition to all

28、ow the application to geo- locate the position, the user has to decide whether to ert the time of leaving (based on established habits, like the end of the office day, or personal estimation) or not.b. Just before leaving the parking lotb.1 with a request that matchBefore leaving, a user can browse

29、through parking requests for the spot she/hes currently occupying. These requests are sent to the server that does all the work of matchmaking based on time and position criteria. The user can check the estimated time of arrival of the parking seeker (based on the current location) and decide to off

30、er her/his parking place. Once the offer is accepted by the other user, the parking giver has to wait for the arrival of the other user and therefore avoid the parking lot was occupied by othersb.2 without a request that matchThe user can inform other users that she/he is about to leave the parking

31、lot. Any search for the next five minutes will consider that parking lot as “available”.Parking lots as public goods for a closed club Parking lots are usually a kind of public goods, available to everyone, that can be occupied with any special authorization (a part from eventually the payment of an

32、hourly/daily fee) and then left when it is no more needed. The parking lot is temporally owned or used by a citizen, a driver whose car is occupying the lot itself. The amount of time spent on the lot is not questionable (a part some special situation): it can be a question of minutes, hours, days,

33、or weeks. When a car leaves a parking lot, others can move into the same lot, without any special restriction or privilege. Waiting for another specific car and leaving the lot so that that car can replace the first one is something that probably everyone has done at least once in the life, for her/

34、his daughter/son or wife/husband, or for a friend, and his publicly accepted by other drivers. Extending this experience to a frequent behavior, in favor of other users of the services, typically not known, introduce some interesting critical aspects and raise corresponding questions:If such as coll

35、aborative service has success, do non- users (that are nevertheless searching for a free parking lot too) always accept the behavior described above, with drivers waiting for other users before leaving the lot, and therefore not allowing non-users to benefit from their leaving?What form of incentive

36、 works best to encourage users to wait for other users?What form of identification works best to help and ease a secure and fast swap of users into the parking lot?These critical aspects and corresponding questions will be investigated by the team in the next months, testing the applications develop

37、ed until now.UI for collaborative parkingWithin a collaborative parking social-based service, there is a critical aspect, or tant: when actually the two users have to identify and recognize themselves, and then exchange their cars in the parking slot. What interface is the best, or more viable solut

38、ion for that? Which technology can be eventually introduced? At what cost? We are investigating on this issue right now, and developing concepts and prototypes in order to understand better those aspects. The main goal is to maintain the overall fatigue in the usage of the service at a very basic le

39、vel, but still allowing enough flexibility and richness to the service itself.Main tasks must allow users to easily: define and change needs and availability recognize and confirm the recognition of the other be confirmed in every action by the system with proper feedbacksWeather conditions (with the rain, during the night, etc.) can have a great effect in the recognition of other users and in a correct execution of the exchange.Privacy and security implicationsExchanging an information about something that is not your property, but is used by you as a citizen, and returned publ