英语应用能力考试B级辅导材料

1、 辅导材料一 构词法A. 加后缀 B.加前缀1构成名词 un- 不 happy-unhappy comfortable-uncomfortable-er work-worker teach-teacher in- 不 formal-informal convenient-inconvenient-or act-actor sail-sailor im- 不 possible-impossible polite-impolite-ee employ-employee train-trainee ir- 不 regular-irregular il 不 legal-illegal-ness hap

2、py-happiness ill-illness non- 不，非 existent-nonexistent-(a)tion compete-competition re- 再，又 tell-retell write-rewrite prepare-preparation mis-错误地 understand-misunderstand misspell-sion discuss-discussion decide-decision pre- 预先，之前的 school-preschool-ment argue-argument move-movement -ty loyal-loyalty

3、safe-safety -ity possible-possibility real-reality2.构成形容词 -ful use-useful faith-faithful-less care-careless home-homeless-ive act-active protect-protective-ous vary-various continue-continuous-able value-valuable accept-acceptable-al accident-accidental continue-continual-y rain-rainy storm-stormy3.

4、构成动词-en wide-widen soft-soften4.构成副词ly happy-happily simple-simply应试方法与技巧：1. 掌握基本的构词法方法；2. 根据上下文判断括号中的词改变成什么词性，若是动词，要判断是谓语动词或非谓语动词。谓语动词：注意 时态；语态非谓语动词：根据上下文判断用to do (不定式)；doing (动名词)； doing (现在分词) done （过去分词）the ,a(an), this, that, these, those, my, your +n.(名词) a.（形容词）+ n. （名词） ad. （副词）+ a. （形容词） v.

5、 (动词) + ad. （副词 ）练习 用括号中的词的适当形式填空。1 The teacher got (anger)_ and threw a book at the book .2 I lost my keys and couldnt (lock) _the door .3 If you use this chemical to clean your shirt, the stains (appear)_ immediately .4 His ( survive)_ is still uncertain; he has been very badly hurt and may die .5

6、 I pay the house on a (month) _ basis .6 Price control seams to be the only (solve) _ to the problem of the rising cost of living.7 I was disappointed when I heard that my offer met with a cold (refuse) _ .8 I can forgive a mistake but I cant forgive (honest) _ .9 The doctor received an (urge ) _ ca

7、ll from the parents of the injured child .10. The child told the (true) _ when he said he hadnt broken the window .12. There are notices showing arrivals and (depart) _ of trains near the booking office.13. One of our (differ ) _ is that he likes musicals and I like science fiction.14. The local gov

8、ernment decided to (wide) _ the main streets in the city .15. We need to think it over before making the (decide) _.16. (fail) _ is the mother success.17. The conference turned down a number of unreasonable (propose) _ .18 The youth is completely (quality) _ to be a teacher; for he has just graduate

9、d from the normal University .19. what is the ( action) _ of Mr. Li to the plan made to improve the production line .20. It is difficult (soft ) _ hard plastics after they are taken from the models.21. Old people dont like to (various) _ their habits .22. The (possible ) _ of mans traveling to the m

10、oon has now been proved 23. Our teacher aroused our (curious) _ in class .24. Her ( die )_ appearance was de to long illness .25. Put everything in its place . (tidy) _ is very important .26. John seems a clever person . Even so, I dont like his strange ( behave ) _27. Those ( guilt ) _ of a serious

11、 crime must be severely punished . .28 she may need an (operate)_ on her knee .29. It is ( danger ) _to walk on thin ice on a lake .30. He looked at me with ( hate) _hatred in his eyes .Answers: angry; unlock; disappear; survival; monthly; solution; refusal; honesty; urgent; truth; departure; differ

12、ences; widen; decision; Failure; proposal; qualified; reaction; soften; vary; possibility; curiosity; dead; Tidiness; behavior; guilty; operation; dangerous; hatred二虚拟语气A. if条件状语从句的虚拟语气表示的情况 从 句主 句与现在事实相反 动词过去式（were）should/would(could、might)+原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would(could、might)+have+-ed与将来事实相反

13、动词过去式（were）should+原形were to+原形should/would(could、might)+原形注：1. if从句中含有were，had或should，将were，had或should移至句首，把if省略，形成倒装。2. 由介词短语 without , but for (如果不)引出的虚拟条件，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句，主句位于动词与if 条件句相同。Eg. I could not have passed the piano test without ( but for ) your guidance .B. 宾语从句的虚拟语气1 Wish that+ 动词过去式 （表示

14、与现在的愿望相反） + had ed (表示与过去的愿望相反)2Suggest（propose）（建议）Ask( request) (请求) order(demand)（命令） insist (坚持)+ that + (should) + 动词原形 （should可省略）C. 主语从句的虚拟语气It is suggestedproposed ordered desired necessary important +that + (should) + 动词原形（should可省略）注： It is (high) time that + 动词的过去式D. lest (for fear) that

15、+ (should) + v. 引导的状语从句 表示“以防，万一，恐怕”eg. Please remind me lest ( for fear ) that I should forget .E . as if (as though) 引导的状语从句 表示 “好像，似乎”as if + 动词的过去式 （表示与现在的情况相反）+ had ed （表示与过去的情况相反） eg. She treats the boy as if ( though ) he were her own child .E. 由would rather ( would sooner ) that引导的虚拟语气would

16、rather ( would sooner ) that + 动词的过去式 （表示与现在的情况相反）+ had ed （表示与过去的情况相反） eg. I would rather ( sooner ) you stayed here for dinner .练习 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. I am not tired. If I were tired , I _ ( have) a rest.2. Should she need an operation, she _( take ) to hospital .3. I wish that I _ ( be ) a scientist

17、 .4. It is necessary that we_ ( clean ) the classroom after class .5. The doctor insisted that the patient _ ( stay ) in bed for two days .6. She looks as if she _ ( be ) ill .7. It is high time that we _ ( start ) the work .8. I suggested that the meeting _ ( put ) off till next Monday .9. But for

18、the help of the teacher he _ ( not success ) in his research work .10. He would rather ( sooner ) that he _ ( say ) too much at the party last night .11. She walked out quietly lest ( for fear ) that she _ ( wake ) up the baby .三倒装语序1 以否定词开头的句子常见的否定词有：no not never hardly scarcely little few seldom等常

19、见的句型有 : not only but also no sooner than (一 就 ) hardly (scarcely) when(一 就 ) 注：以only often 开头的句子也要倒装e.g. Never shall I forget this lesson.2. 以so nor (neither) 开头的句子 e.g. He is a student. So am I . He doesnt like banana . Nor (Neither) does his wife.3. if 引导的状语从句 从句中含有were had should, 把were had shoul

20、d 移至句首，省掉if,形成倒装。.eg. Were it fine tomorrow, we would go on a picnic.(= If it were fine)4.以 as 引导的让步状语从句 e.g. Poor as he is , he is honest. (= Though he is poor, he is honest.)5. 以here there 开头的句子 e,g, Here comes the bus .练习 选择填空。1No sooner had the bell rang, _. A. when the class began B. than the c

21、lass began C. when he left D. then the class began2. If my husband wont agree to sign the paper, _, A. so will I B. I will not also C. neither I will D. Nor will I3. Little _ about each others past when we first met . A. we knew B. did we know C. did we knew D. do we know4. “ Where is the dictionary

22、 ?” “_.” A. Here is it B. It is here C. Here it is5.Under no circumstance,_ our car tomorrow . A. they are borrowing B. they wil borrow C. could they be borrow D. are they to borrow6. Never _ a superpower （ 超级大国）. A. will China be B. will China isC. China will be D. China is四动词不定式1 不定式的性质：a.具有名词的性质（

23、做主语、宾语），b.具有形容词的性质（做定语、表语、补足语），c.具有副词的性质（做状语）2 作主语 （it作形式主语）e.g. It is difficult ( for us ) to solve the problem. It took me half hour to get to the station.3.作宾语 在 want like wish hate prefer hope continue offer promise try pretend decide attempt等动词后接不定式作宾语。4 宾语的补足语1) ask /tell /allow /invite /expec

24、t /encourage /urge /persuade sb. to do sth. （宾补要带to）2）see /watch /hear /feel /notice/make/have/get/let sb. do sth. （宾补不带to） e.g. The boss made them work day and night .注： 变为被动结构时，补足语要带to e.g. They was made to work day and night. 3) think/believe/feel/consider/find +it +补足语+to do (it作形式宾语)e.g. They f

25、ound it impossible to get everything ready in time.5. 不定式的完成式 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 e.g. He is said to have written a new book.6. 不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语不是不定式的执行者时，要用不定式的被动式。 e.g. This book is said to have been translated into English.五动名词1 动名词的性质：1）具有名词的性质（做主语、宾语、表语） 2）具有形容词的性质（做补足语）2 作主语 (it作形式主语)It is no

26、good/use/worth + doing sth. e.g. It is no use waiting here.3. 作宾语 1） 在enjoy/finish/mind/cosider/practise/avoid/admit/keep/excuse等动词后接动名词作宾语。2） stop + doing (to do ) (接doing表示停止做某事；接to do 表示停下来开始做某事)3） remember/forget/regret + doing ( to do ) e.g. I forget posting the letter. （信已寄） I forget to post t

27、he letter. ( 信还未寄) 4）Sth. want/need （需要）+ doing (表示被动的意思) e.g. The window needs cleaning. Sb. want/need + to do (表示主动的意思) e.g. I want to buy a dictionary. 5. 常见的句型或搭配：spend time/money (in) doing sth. 、 be (get) used (accustomed) to doing sth.look forward to doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth. 6. Neve

28、r _ a superpower (超级大国) . 六. 分词1分词的性质：1）具有形容词的性质（做定语、表语、补足语）；2）具有副词的性质（做状语）2. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：1）现在分词表示主动、过去分词表示被动。2）现在分词表示进行、过去分词表示完成或结束。e.g. The girl standing near the window is my sister. The dictionary bought last Sunday is very useful.3. 作定语1） 被修饰的名词是分词动作的执行者，表示主动，用-ing形式；被修饰的名词是分词动作的对象，表示被动，用-ed形式

29、. 如以上两句。2） 表示动作在进行用-ing形式；表示动作完成用-ed形式。e.g. boiling water boiled water4. 作表语 1) 表示主语的特征（性质）用-ing 形式, e.g. The book is interesting. 2) 表示主语的状态用-ed形式，e,g, The door is locked. ( 注 主语是人时，一般用-ed形式，e.g. we are (very)excited.5. see/watch/hear/notice sb. doing sth. （表示动作在进行）e.g I saw him getting on the bus.

30、 see/watch/hear/notice sb. to do sth. （表示动作已发生）e.g I saw him to get on the bus and leave.6.分词作状语（表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等），分词的逻辑主语须和句子的主语一致。 e.g. Seeing the policeman, the thief ran away. ( = When he saw the policeman,)7. 分词的主格独立结构 当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而带有自己的逻辑主语时，用分词的主格独立结构。e.g. Weather permitting ,well have an o

31、uting tomorrow. (= If weather permits)练习 用括号内动词的适当形式填空1. The match was very _ ( excite ),The crowd got very_ ( excite) .2. _ ( walk ) into the room ,I found someone _ ( sit ) by the table .3. The student _ (read ) a book over there is our monitor .4. We will get the classroom _ (clean ) this afterno

32、on .5. Do you get used to _( bathe ) in such a cold water ?6. It is no use _ ( argue ) about such problems .7. We all enjoy _ ( have ) lunch with you .8. It was a pleasure _ ( meet ) the new teacher and hear him _ ( introduce ) himself .9. She watched her child _ ( fall ) asleep .10. The girl is oft

33、en seen _ ( help) the old woman with housework .七定语从句1 先行词为something/anything/nothing/all/little等不定代词,关系代词用that,不用which2 形容词最高级（或序数词）先行词 that (不能用which)3 介词关系代词，关系代词只用which（指物）、whom（指人）,即 介词whom (which)。（注 如果介词在动词后，可用that代替which, whom）4 非限制性定语从句，指物时只能用which; 指人时只能用who,不能用that代替。练习 选词填空1. I will neve

34、r forget the day _ ( which ,that when where ) I arrive the college.2.The house in _ ( that , which , where ,when) we live is not big .3.Everything _ ( that , which , where , who ) we saw at the West Lake was charming and beautiful .4. It is the largest power station_ ( which, where, whom, that ) has

35、 ever been built in our province .5. She has two brothers, _ ( who, whom, whose, that ) both are doctors .6. I know a lady _ ( who, whom, whose, that ) husband is a Nobel Prize winner(诺贝尔奖获得者)7.The building _ ( where, when, which ) he is looking for is at the end of the street .8. He told me the rea

36、son _ ( where, why, when, which ) he didnt attend the meeting .主语和谓语一致的情况1名词and名词 作主语1）The secretary and manager was present at the meeting. (secretary and manager 指同一人，谓语用单数)2）The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting. (the secretary and the manager 指不同一人，谓语用复数)2. 单数名词with(along wit

37、h, together with, as well as) + 名词（谓语）单数 Dr. Smith , together with his wife and two sons , is to arrive on the evening flight .3. Not only but also， either or ， neither nor Neither I nor he is a doctor .4. 用 family, class, committee 等集体名词作主语1）The family is not big . (family表示整体，谓语用单数)2）The family ar

38、e having dinner .(family表示家庭成员,谓语用复数)5. Every(each,a great deal of, many a)+名词 （谓语）单数 Many a student reads English in the morning . 6. A large number of ( a great many of, a few) + (复数)名词 （谓语）复数 A large of cars were made in this factory last year. Exercises:1. Mr. Smith, together with his children,

39、_ arrived. A. are B. has C. is D. have2. Every policeman and fireman _ on the alert.(警惕着)A. have been B. was C. are D. were3. The government _ taken measures to help disable people.A. is B. are C. has D. have5 George neither _ for the past three days.A. eating nor drinking B. eats nor drank C. ate n

40、or drank D. ate nor drinks6. Law and order _ different things to people with different political opinions. A. meaning B. mean C. means D. meant7. Many a boy _ fond of football . A. is B. are C. be D. were9. Two third of the crops _ been damaged by the storm.A. has B. have C. will D. is10. Five hundr

41、ed dollars _ spent yesterday .A. is B. are C. was D. were综合练习：1. It is necessary that the problem _ in some way or other.A. is settled B. was settled C. be settled has been settled2. If I hadnt driven the car yesterday, I _ the accident .A. will have avoided B. would have avoided C. would avoid D. s

42、hould avoid3. _ Annies glass, I apologized to her .A. To break B. Breaking C. having broken D. Break4. Either of the children _ quite capable of looking after the baby .A. are B. be C. is D. have been 5. Little _ that the police are about to arrest him .A. he knows B. he doesnt know C. does he know

43、D. doesnt he know 6. Its high time we _ something to stop road accident . A. did B. are doing C. will do D. do6. We wont be able to leave the office until the rain _ .A, will stop B. stops C. stopped D. is stopping 7. The fact _ Mary was late for the meeting again made very angry.A. why B. that C. w

44、hat D. which8. John _ the manager this afternoon ,but he forgot .A might telephone B. must have telephone C. should have telephone D. could telephone9. To be honest, I dont like _ .A. making fun of B. being made fun of C. to make fun of D. having made fu of10. The child was sorry _ his mother when a

45、rrived at the station .A. to miss B. having missed C. missing D. to have missed11. When I returned home, I found the window open and something _ .A. to steal B. stealing C. stolen D. missing12. Jessie didnt have _ money let after her vocation; _ . A. some and so did he B. any neither did he C. no an

46、d he did so D. none either did he13. Staying in hotel costs _ renting a room in a dormitory for a week .A. twice as much as B. twice as much C. as twice much as D. as twice as14. Had the damage been worse, the insurance company _ .A. would pay B. paid C. would have paid D. had paid15. All _ he told

47、you just now was true .A. that B. what C. which D. as16. They talked as if they _ friends for years .A. were B. are C. would be D. had been 17. Never before _ anyone who has the skill John has when he repairs engines.A. I was B. Was I C. I have seen D. have I seen18. It is necessary that he get _ ev

48、erything ready by Monday .A. will have get B. would get C. should get D. will get19. A good friend is a person _ you can share happiness and sadness .A. who B. whom C. with whom D. with who20. He worked fast and well, _ he finished the work ahead of time .A. because B. so that C. in order that D. even if 21. Come here foe a moment, _ ?A. wont you B. shall we C. shant we D.