关于人物的英语演讲PPT.ppt

1、,Stephen William Hawking,Early life Graduate school Theory of singularity Publications Honors and commitments,Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. When he was eight, his family moved to St. Albans, a town about 20 miles north o

2、f London. At the age of eleven, Stephen went to St. Albans School and then on to University College, Oxford; his fathers old college. After three years and not very much work, he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.,Stephen Hawking at 19, coxing for an Oxford rowing eight. Th

3、e year was 1961. Hawking claimed he became involved with rowing because he was bored studying physics.,Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leav

4、ing the Institute of Astronomy in 1973, Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.,The onset of Hawkings graduate education at Cambridge marked a turning point in his life. It was then that he embarked upon the formal study of cosmology, which focused his study. A

5、nd it was then that he was first stricken with Lou Gehrigs disease, a weakening disease of the nervous and muscular system that eventually led to his total confinement in a wheelchair.,My dreams at that time were rather disturbed. Before my condition had been diagnosed, I had been very bored with li

6、fe. There had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed. I suddenly realised that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do if I were reprieved. Another dream, that I had several times, was that I would sacrifice

7、my life to save others. After all, if I were going to die anyway, it might as well do some good. But I didnt die. In fact, although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,H

8、awking married his first wife Jane Wilde in 1965.His marriage was an important step in his emotional life. Marriage gave him, he recalled, the determination to live and make professional progress in the world of science.,Professor Hawking married his second wife Elaine Mason at Cambridge registry of

9、fice in September 1995. Mason had become his nurse after his split from Wilde. Hawking divorced for the second time in 2006.,Research and theories A singularity is a place in either space or time at which some quantity becomes infinite (without an end). Such a place is found in a black hole, the fin

10、al stage of a collapsed star, where the gravitational field has infinite strength. Hawking demonstrated that our universe had its origins in a singularity. In the beginning all of the matter in the universe was concentrated in a single point, making a very small but tremendously dense body. Ten to t

11、wenty billion years ago that body exploded in a big bang that initiated time and the universe. Hawkings research led him to study the characteristics of the best-known singularity: the black hole. A black holes edges, called the event horizon, can be detected. Hawking proved that the surface area (m

12、easurement of the surface) of the event horizon could only increase, not decrease, and that when two black holes merged the surface area of the new hole was larger than the sum of the two original. Hawkings continuing examination of the nature of black holes led to two important discoveries. The fir

13、st, that black holes can give off heat, opposed the claim that nothing could escape from a black hole. The second concerned the size of black holes. As originally conceived, black holes were immense in size because they were the end result of the collapse of gigantic stars.,1988：A brief History of T

14、ime 1993：Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays 2005：A briefer History of Time 2001: The Universe in a Nutshell 2002：On The Shoulders of Giants.,HONORS,Hawkings work in modern cosmology and in theoretical astronomy and physics is widely recognized. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of

15、 London in 1974 and five years later was named to a professorial chair at Cambridge University that was once held by Sir Isaac Newton (16421727). Beyond these honors he has earned a host of honorary degrees, awards, prizes, and lectureships from the major universities and scientific societies of Eur

16、ope and America. By the end of the twentieth century Stephen Hawking had become one of the best-known scientists in the world. His popularity includes endorsing a wireless Internet connection and speaking to wheelchair-bound youth. He also had a special appearance on the television series Star Trek.,The Queen meets Hawking in 2006 at a Buckingham Palace reception for representatives of the British scientific community.,Stephen Hawking given Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama,Nelson Mandela meets Hawking in Johannesburg in May 2008