完形填空技巧

1、 完形填空技巧 完形填空属于对英语语言知识的综合运用能力的考查，它既要求考生熟练掌握所学词汇（词义、用法、搭配）与语法知识，也要求考生具有较强的阅读能力；不仅考查考生的知识背景，也考查考生的逻辑推理能力。要求考生能根据上下文线索，在有限的时间内（15分钟左右），从所给的选项中选出最佳选项，使短文恢复本来面目，做到文意通顺，结构完整。完型填空题材广泛，涉及到日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治、经济、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。体裁主要是说明文、记叙文和议论文。命题的原则是“实词为主、虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。完形填空集词法、句法、逻辑分析以及事理常识于一体，具有较高的检测功能和解题难度，解题中

2、需要运用很多技巧完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。一、完形填空解题步骤: 1、细读首句，预测主题。 “完形填空”所选短文的第一句往往是全文的关键句或是主题句。它是文章的“窗 口”，通过它，可以大致了解全文的概貌与作者的立意。所以，细读首句，重视首 句，正确理解首句是解题的关键，是正确预测的基础。要细心阅读，客观分析，理 性思索，以期挖掘出更多的有用的潜在信息，为后面的解题打下坚实的基础。 2、跳读全文，领会大意。 要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，捕捉文中关键词的词

3、义信息，跳过空格， 快把短文从头到尾通读一遍，大概了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节发展、 前因后果、论点论据等，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。同时对空格估计填什么词 可作试探性的猜测，为下一步选择答案做好准备。 切忌：急于求成，看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心， 造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。 3、通读全文，试选答案。 根据大意，以全文为背景，以上下文为依托，选取语法上正确，文义上贴近 的词语填入，初步完成空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下工夫，要抓 住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，进行多角度、全方位分析。可先读所要填词的句1， 复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“

4、瞻前顾后”。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下 4、细读全文，推敲难题。 有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步， 我们将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要 充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选 答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。 的特殊功能。5、复读全文，调整答案。 在完形空格后，要把全文再浏览一遍，仔细检查一下你选的答案是否能使文 义上下连贯、前后照应，

5、逻辑顺畅，能否自然地融入语篇。既要检查语境、语法、 惯用法的正确性，也要考虑内容和逻辑的合理性。对感觉有问题的地方，要仔细揣 摩，准确定夺。二、解题技巧: Introduction to Letters to Sam (2010年重庆卷)Dear Reader,Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my 36 , Sam, was born, my heart was filled with joy. I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 year

6、s before then, and I have been (37. seriously) ill many times. So I wondered if I would have the (38. time) to tell Sam what I had (39. observed).For years I have been hosting a program on the 40 and writing articles for a magazine. Being 41 to move freely, I have learned to sit still and keep my he

7、art 42 , exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and 43 . So when Sam was born, I (44. decided) to tell him about school and friendship, romance and work, love and everything else. Thats how I started to write these 45 . I hoped that Sam would (46. read) them sooner or later. However, that e

8、xpectation 47 when Sam showed signs of autism (自闭症) at the age of two. He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs. He 48 to communicate with others, even the family members. That was 49 for me but didnt stop me writing on. I realized that I had even 50 now to tell him. I wante

9、d him to 51 what it means to be “different” from others, and learn how to fight against the misfortune hell 52 as I myself, his grandfather, did. I just 53 if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.36. A. sonB. nephew C. brother D. grandson40. A. radioB. television C. stage D.

10、 bed 41. A. ready B. unable C. anxious D. eager 42. A. warm B. broken C. closed D. open43. A. hosts B. visitors C. readers D. reporters 45. A. letters B. emails C. books D. diaries 1、充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可 能是同义词或反义词。例：Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is ve

11、ry, very_. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2、注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的 搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 3、注意同义词的辨义 例1、“Give me a hand,”he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as 例2、Everyone has imagination，but most of us，once become adults，forget how to_it A. put up with B. ca

12、tch up with C. make use of D. keep track of 例3、Robert sat down by the fire to write a story。He would make the_， A twelve-yearold boy，just like Lloyd A.star B.hero C.writer D. child 5、根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文 章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比

13、关系等常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。 6、根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 dateline. By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B

14、. cross C. are D. are stopped by A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. begins7、通过文章深层意义来选择 通过文章深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。它要求考生 不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要求学生们能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。如： It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleeply-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards t

15、heir _ A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 8、巧用首句信息完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建 立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全 文和解题很有帮助。 9、注意原词复现 完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义 是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。 在阅读文章过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。 因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息合理地推测判断，选出正确答案。 10、注意暗示信息 完形填空主要考查学

16、生对语境的理解。所以学生在做题时要有全局观念，进 行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进 行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前 面。 11、理清逻辑关系 语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，如：表示结果层次的语篇标志firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus, therefore, so 等；表示改变话题的有by the way等；表示时间关系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，

17、弄清上下文的关系。(2010年安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be (40. easy) to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征) (41. determining) comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a (42. larger

18、) hand and thicker fingers, you may (43. prefer) a fatter pen. The length of a pen can (44. also) influence comfort. A pen that is too (45. long) can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.Then, the writing point of the pen should (46. allow) the ink to flow evenly (均匀地) while the pen remains in touch w

19、ith the paper. (47. This) will make it possible for you to create a (48. smooth) line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to (49. prevent) ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the (50. flow) may leave drops of ink, (51. as) you pick the pen up and pu

20、t it down again. 52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine-line pens may (53. compensate for) bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command (54. attention) next to printed text, as, (55. for example), a signature on a printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an imp

21、ression of confidence and authority (权威).52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally 1、We can hate waiting，_it or even get good at it！ But one thing is_we cannot avoid it。 (1)A.accept B.control C.change D.improve (2)A.certain B. interesting C.precious D.easy尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是

22、征服完形填空最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。 12、利用语法分析解题 对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适 合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。13、利用文化背景和生活常识

23、解题 做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 26 the office to get something to eat. On the way, I 27 a busker (街头艺人), with a hat in front of him. I had some 28 in

24、my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would (29. only) use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He (30. looked) like that type young and ragged. (31. But) what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then (32. realized) I had no right to place myself above (33. him) just because he was busking.26. A. left B. cleaned C. prepared D. searched27. A. le