过去分词作宾语补足语[54页]

1、Past participles used as object complement (过去分词做宾语补足语),Grammar,概述 英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子才完整。过去分词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它对宾补作进一步的补充说明。,We think him clever. What he said made me angry. They consider the answer correct. Everyone calls him Tom.,宾语,宾补,带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：,His father named him Da Mi

2、ng. They painted their house white. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room. 5. We saw her entering the room.,(名词),(动词不定式),(现在分词或其短语),(形容词),(省略to的动词不定式),哪些可以做宾补？,5. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6. We take English as a useful tool for researc

3、h work. 7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work. 8. Let the fresh air in. 9. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.,(过去分词),(用as引出),(介词短语),(副词),(从句),过去分词作 宾语补足语,三种情况,使役动词get, have, make, keep, leave 等后, 可用过去分词做宾语补足语, 表： “致使某人或某事被”,We should keep their house cleaned.,I

4、 had my hair _yesterday.,cut,The house is broken. Please get the house _ (mend) now.,mended,Tom,He had his hair cut.,He had his clothes washed.,He had his room cleaned.,He had his walls painted.,He had his bike repaired.,hair,clothes,room,walls,car,He got his leg injured.,He got his glasses broken.,

5、He got his camera damaged.,He got his wallet stolen.,1). 过去分词用在表示状态的动词 keep ，leave 等的后面。 (keep/leave sth/sb done) eg: They kept the door locked for a long time. Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.,1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不

6、测的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成 He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）,2).have sth/sb done的几种含义,I had my recorder repaired.,(I asked somebody else to repair it.),I had the room cleaned.,(I organized it.),He had his foot injured.

7、,(something bad happened.),Had+宾语+过去分词作宾补的用法,3).“make+宾语+过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的，如： eg: I raised my voice to make myself heard. They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.,2. 感官动词feel, find, hear, notice, see,watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后, 表: “感受到某人或某事被做”。,I was sleeping

8、when I heard my name called.,He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.,Note,I saw him get off the bus.,I saw him knocked down by a car.,I saw him lying on the road just now.,(to) do: 整个过程 -ed:被动 -ing:主动,现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别,I saw them _ in the rain.,caught,Xiao Xin found all his money

9、_(steal) on his way home.,stolen,unfinished,My mother never allow me to play computer games with my homework _.（finish）,Lily,She found Toms hair cut.,She found his room cleaned.,She found his bike repaired.,She found his clothes washed.,She found the walls painted.,hair,clothes,room,walls,car,I saw

10、him _.,scold,scolded by his mother,I saw _.,bite,him bitten by a dog,I saw _.,rob,her robbed by a man,Fill in the blanks.,I heard someone _me. I heard my name _.,I found Tom _ the window. I found the window _.,calling,called,break,broken,1) So to their surprise the three countries found themselves u

11、nited peacefully 2) they were going to get Ireland connected to the other three 3)You find most of the population settled in the south, but . 4) It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constr

12、ucted by later Norman rulers.,Can you find these?,I had my watch repaired. I had my room cleaned. I had my foot injured.,She found his hair cut. She found his clothes washed. She found his room cleaned.,have sth./sb. done,find sth./sb done,He got his leg injured. He got his camera damaged. He got hi

13、s glasses broken.,get sth./sb done,I saw him beaten by his mother. I saw him bitten by a dog. I saw him robbed by a man.,see sth./sb. done,I made him punished.,make sth./sb. done,I watched him killed.,watch sth./sb done,3. 表示“意欲; 命令”的动词如: like, order, want,wish, 相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be, 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。

14、,I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.,He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.,The father wants his daughter taught the piano.,2. 看 watch, notice, see, look at, observe 听 hear, listen to 感 feel 闻 smell 发现 find,3. 情感 want, wish, like, order,1. 使役 keep, leave, get, have

15、, make,sth./sb. done,+,1) Being poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _. A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood,D,2) I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to rep

16、air; repairing,C,3) You must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done,D,4) _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _ . A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; stolen C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen,B,5) We are pleased to see the problem _ so qui

17、ckly. A. settled B. having been settled C. be settled D. settling,settle 解决,A,4. 有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动 语态, 这时过去分词改作主语补足语, 说明主语所处的状态。,The door was found broken.,Her bag was found stolen when she woke up.,5.“with 宾语过去分词”结构中, 过去分词 用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常 在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。,The murderer was brought in, with

18、his hands tied behind his back. (表方式),With water heated, we can see the steam. (表条件),With the matter settled, we all went home.(表原因),注意：,在这一结构中, 当宾语为某一身体部位, 且作 宾补的动词是及物动词时, 身体部位通常是 过去分词的逻辑宾语, 因而过去分词不可换用 现在分词。 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前, 眼睛注视着他。 (fix ones eyes

19、on 为固定短语) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时, 用现在分词的形式。,She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。 (beat 意为“心跳”, 是不及物动词),作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系,1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。,2. 少数不及

20、物动词如 go, change, fall 等的 过去分词作宾语补足语时, 仅表示动作完成。 因此, 宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上 的被动关系。 She found her ring gone on her way home. 在回家的路上, 她发现项链不见了。,3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义, 因此, 虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系, 但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。 如: When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时, 发

21、现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。,2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired,C,(,),the washing machine,高考链接,省略to的情况：,1) 情态动词 (除ought 外, ought to); 2) 使役动词 let, have, make; 3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe

22、, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补, 省略to。注意: 在被动语态中则to不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.,Note 3,3. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. A. settled B.

23、settling C. to settle D. being settled 4. With trees, flowers and grass _ everywhere, my native town had taken a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant D. to be planted,A,B,5. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A.take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking 6. The result of the entrance e

24、xams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known,C,B,7. I can make you _ what I say, but you cant make yourself _ in English. A. understand; understand B. understand, understood C. to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood,B,8. He found them _ at a table_ A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess 9. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving;unlocking C. left,