中考英语八大时态讲解与专项练习

1、课 题中考英语语法总复习之动词八大时态教学目标理解英语语法中的八大时态，掌握并灵活运用。重 点理解并掌握英语中的八大语法知识要点。难 点灵活运用本课所学的语法知识，提高能力。Step 1 教学衔接：1、 检查作业情况。2、 讲解疑难点。Step 2 教学内容：1、 英语八大时态讲解。2、 变换规则讲解。Step 3 跟踪练习：1、 能力提高练习。2、 语法专项练习。Step 4 课堂小结：总结课堂所学。Step 5 家庭作业：作业 中考英语语法总复习之动词八大时态【学习目标】：初中阶段八种时态的结构及其用法。【学习过程】：I. 概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表

2、示。 动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。所以，动词的时态就是指动词在某一个时间段内应当采取的相应动词形态。我们已经学过的八种时态分别是：1. _2. _3. _4._5. _6. _7. _8. _Step 1中考英语八大时态讲解与练习1一般现在时 a表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。 There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。 u

3、 b表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圆的. The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。 u c在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 If you dont go soon, youll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。 动词三单形式的变化规则：1. 大多数动词直接+s2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es一般现在时专项练习题用

4、括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(te

5、ach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in b

6、ed. 2.一般过去式肯定式否定式 疑问式 一般动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? be动词 I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) t

7、here? Were you (we, they) there? have动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didnt have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或Did I (you, he) have any books? 动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-liv

8、ed。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。a 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in t

9、he old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never

10、 had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。 一般过去时专项练习题：1 My fatherill yesterday Aisnt B. arent C. wasnt D. werent2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were;

11、 was4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after 5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom

12、_ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.3一般将来时肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I (We) shall / will go there I (We ) shall / will not go thereShal

13、l I (we) go there? You (He, She, They) will go there You (He, She, They) will not go there Will you (he, she, they) go there? a表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 He wont go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。 Wi

14、ll you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗？ b没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。 I dont know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。 Dont worry, he will be there on time. 别着急，他会准时在那儿。 c表示将来经常发生的动作。 From now on Ill get up early every morning. 从今以后，我每天早晨早起。 注意： 1）be going to这个结构表示： a即将发生的动作；b主语打算或准备要做的事；c说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。be going to 结

15、构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。 例如： We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。 How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期？ Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。 He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。 They will ring you up as

16、soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你。 一般将来时专题练习题1、选择填空1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2.Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work3.He _ very busy this week, he _ fre

17、e next week.A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will haveD. is going to be5._ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; go

18、ing to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be6.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will give B. will give C. gives D. give7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?_. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at o

19、nce.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get9._ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can beD. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. hadD. would have4现在进行时 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定

20、句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? 变化规则1. 直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2. 去掉不发音的e+ing (例：biting，leaving, making, coming, writing. ） 注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 3.以ie结尾变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying）4. 对于重读闭音节词

21、，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sitting, beginning, getting, putting, running, stopping cutting, controlling 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am working now. I am not working now. Am I working now? You are working now. He (She) is working now. We (You, They) are working now. You are not working now. He (She) is not working now. We (

22、You, They) are not working now. Are you working now? Is (he, she) working now? Are you (we, they) working now? a表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他 。 b在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。 The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳

23、动。 c有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了.Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。 注意： 1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。 Stop, I am thinking. 停

24、下来，我正在想问题呢。 2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。 He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。 现在进行时专项练习题（ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making_a kite.(

25、A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Whe

26、re( )6.Is she_something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do ？ (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im lis

27、tening him.( )10.They are_their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on(5.过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。 I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信。 He was watching TV when I came home yeste

28、rday evening. 当我昨晚回家的时候他正在看电视一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 过去进行时专项练习题一、 用动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yester

29、day morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.二、 选择

30、题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, wa

31、s hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, sa

32、w d. were, reading, was seeing6. 现在完成时：基本结构：主语+have/has+ done 肯定句：主语+have/has+ done+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has+ not+ done+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+宾语. 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+havent/hasnt . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+done+其他） 用法：1.常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 为时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自

33、从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 标志词：already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, ever, never, .times(次数).u 瞬间性动词可表示某一动作的完成 但是当后面有表示一段时间的状语时 要变成相应的延续性动词u 瞬间性动词改为延续性动词：buy- hadborrowkeptleave-be awaystop-be overdie- be deadarrive- be in/atleave- be away （from)begin/start -be

34、 oncome/go-be in/atfinish/end-be overfall asleep - be asleepcome/go/become- beput on- be ongo out- be outget married- be marriedjoin- be in/a member ofcome to work - workbegin to study - study u have (has) been to 与have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。 have (has) gone to

35、+某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。 【拓展】一般过去时与现在完成时的相互转换:在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been；瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。如： A. He joined the Leag

36、ue two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.现在完成时专项练习题一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _

37、 been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has

38、 changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a

39、 very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; fin

40、ished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Mis

41、s Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7. 过去完成时：基本结构：主语+had+ done肯定句：主语+had+ done否定句：主语+had+not+ done一般疑问句：Had+主语+ done? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句（Ha

42、d+主语+done）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+ done 用法：A 由时间状语来判定。(1) by + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last We

43、dnesday. B. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。(1) 宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句She said that she had seen the film before. (2) 状语从句中,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。After he ha

44、d finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。After he closed the door, he left the classroom. (3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you di

45、dnt. 过去完成时专项练习题一. 单项选择1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B.

46、 was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _A_lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _D_ the principle

47、 alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _B_ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _D_.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. h

48、ad completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _C_ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 8. 过去将来时概念： 立足于过去某一时

49、刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day（morning，year），the following month（week），基本结构：wasweregoing to do； wouldshould do否定形式：waswerenotgoing to do；wouldshould notdo一般疑问句：was或were放于句首； wouldshould提到句首1）构成 过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。2）用法 a用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。 They said they would go to visit the second factory. 他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。 The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday. 老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。 b过去将来时也可由“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表示。 She said she was going to see her uncle. 她说她要去看望她的叔叔。 c有些动词的过去进行时也可