




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、,Welcome to our class,句子结构,按句子的结构划分,句子分为简单句、 并列句、复合句三种。 一、简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语),句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示,这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类: S+V:The sun rises in the east. S+V+O:My brother bought a new cellphone.,S+V+P :The grass turns green. S+V+Oi+Od :My father gave me a gift. S+V+O+C :He made the baby laugh.
2、二、并列句:并列句往往由并列连词连接,并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系。常见的并列连词有and , not onlybut also, neither ,nor , neithernor,or, eitheror , but , yet , still , however , while , when , for , so, thus, therefore 等。,Some students are interested in music and others are fond of playing football. She not only dances well but al
3、so sings well. Everyone likes a person with good manners, but no one likes a person with bad manners. I was about to leave when it began to rain. 三、复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分,从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。,What he did made his mother angry. Parents shouldnt give their children whatever t
4、hey want. This is because you are too careless. Check all your answers before you turn in your papers. A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.,定语从句,定义:担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句的作用相当于形容词,又称为形 容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代 词或整个主句。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not true man. Miss Green is a stric
5、t but kind teacher who always cares for every student. Football is played in over 80 countries, which makes it popular.,Ill never forget the days 关系代词,在从 句中作宾语 先行词 that we spent together. 修饰,关系代词的选择和作用 1. 先行词指人时,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who, 作宾语时用whom (whom可以省略). The boy who broke the window is called Tom. Th
6、e person whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 2. 先行词指物时,关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用which, 作宾语时可省略。,They planted the trees which didnt need much water. The fish (which) we bought were not fresh. 3 . 先行词既可以指人也可以指物,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,用that, 作宾语是可省略。 A plane is a mac
7、hine that can fly. The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jims sister. Hes changed. Hes not the man that he was before. 4 . Whose 的意义相当于所有格,在定语从句中作定语,先行词可以是人也可以是物。,指物时可与 of which 互换,“名词+of which” . Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher. The house whose windows face east is Mr. Smiths. The house
8、the windows of which faces east is Mr. Smiths.,关系副词的选择和作用,1. 当先行词是一个表示时间的名词,且从句中缺少时间状语时,选择关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 比较:I still remember the day that/which we spent together. 2. 当先行词是一个表示地点的名词,且从句中缺少地点状语时,选择关系副词where。 This is the house where we lived last year.,
9、比较:This is the place that/which I once visited. 3 . 当先行词是the reason (s) ,且从句中缺少原因状语时,选择关系副词 why。 This is the reason why he was killed. 比较:This reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,“介词+关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则: 1. 根据先行词的搭配习惯 the day on which I joined the army. I s
10、till remember the year in which I stayed here.,2 . 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配 on which I spent 5 Yuan. This is the book for which I paid 5 Yuan. from which I learnt a lot. 3 . 根据所表达的意义 The wall on which there is a map faces east. The wall in which there is a window faces east.,As 和 which,1. as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语
11、从句,在定义从句中作主语或宾语,指代前面整个句子。 区别: as 引导的非限制性定语从句,可放 在主句之前、之后,也可以放在中间;which 引导的非限制性定语从句,只能放在主句之后。 as 有正如,正像的含义,而 which 没有。 Shakespeare is a famous playwright, as we know.,As we know, Shakespeare is a famous playwright. Shakespeare, as we know, is a famous playwright. His mother is an engineer, which make
12、s him proud. 2 . 若先行词被 such 或 the same所修饰,关系代词用 as 。 He is such a kind man as we all like. This is the same watch as I lost., 只能用 that 的情况 1. 当先行词是 all, much, little, any, few, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, the one等不定代词时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 2. 当先行词被 the only, t
13、he very, the last修饰时 I was the only person in my office that was invited. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the best book that I have read. The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,4. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 5. 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时
14、 Who is the boy that is standing over there?,不能用 that 的情况: 1. 在非限制性定语从句中 Dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a starter. 2. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时: Im looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.,定语从句中主谓一致问题 1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。 Mr. Smith, who is n
15、ow downstairs, is asking to see you. The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 2. One of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 谓语动词复数形式;the (only) one of +复数名词 + 关系代词 +谓语动词单数形式,He is one of the students who work hard. He is the (only) one of the students who goes abroad. 在定语从句中,被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现。 This
16、is the right book that you are looking for it.() 当先行词是 way 表示方式、方法时,关系词可用 in which、that 或省略。 This is the way in which/(that) I study English., 当先行词 situation, point, degree等作先行词表示抽象的地点,其后常由 where 引导定语从句,在定语从句中作地点状语。 Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? Her illness has developed
17、 to the point where nobody can cure her. Is this school _ we visited? This school is the one that we visited. Is this the school _ we visited? This is the school that we visited.,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,1. 在句子功能方面,非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的,它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则,指代不清。 A doc
18、tor is a person who looks after the patients. Lijiang, where I was born, is very beautiful.,2. 在非限制性定语从句中,先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子,而限制性定语从句中,先行词一般是名词或代词。 The earth goes round the sun, which is true. She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 3. 在语言形式上,非限制性定语从句的引导 词前有逗号将其与主句分开;而限制性定语从句则没有。,4.
19、 在句子结构上,非限制性定语从句中作宾语时,关系词不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。 The novel (which) I have read three times is very moving. This novel, which I have read three times, is very moving. 5. 在关系词上,非限制性定语从句中不用 that (指人时用 who /whom, 指物用 which),关系副词则用 when, where, for which 6. 非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句,而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。,1. All the n
20、eighbors admire this family, _the parents are treating their child like a friend . A. whyB. where C. whichD. that 2. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. A. which B. whether C. what D. that 3. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was
21、 more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that,B,D,C,4. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. whichB. thatC. what D. who 5. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons to
22、urist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that,C,A,A,7. Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, theres one point _we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. 8. If a shop has ch
23、airs _women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 9. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 10. Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that
24、 C. this D. it,D,D,B,A,11. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 12.He was educated at a local grammar school, _he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 13. Her sister has become a law
25、yer, _she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which,B,C,D,单句改错: 1.I also enjoy the evening when we spent together. _ 2.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. _ 3.This is one of the best books that has been published so far. _ 4.She is the only one of the students who were praised. _ 5
26、.I will give your sister a model plane which she will like to play. _,_,_,_,_,_,6.It is the most exciting football match which I have seen. _ 7.Which we know, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. _ 8.He doesnt have such a mind that is necessary to a scie
27、ntist. _ 9.The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong. _ 10.On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue. _,_,_,_,_,_,14. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 15. Why does she always ask you for help? There
28、 is no one else _ , is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom turn D. for her to turn 16. By using your eyes you can tell the direction _ light comes. A. in which B. from which C. with which D. on which,A,B,A,17. Can you tell me the name of the shop _ you paid a visit last week? A.
29、what B. which C. to which D. to that 18. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 19. The last question _ can be used by you. A. which he asked B. that he was asked it C. he asked D. he asked it,C,B,C,20. Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his absenc
30、e? A. why B. when C. that D. what 21. The box, _ color is red and white, is for putting old books. A. which B. whose C. its D. that 22. _ she could do was to go back home. A. All what B. All that C. All this D. All which,C,B,B,形容词性从句(定语从句) 主语从句 表语从句 复合句 名词性从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 副词性从句(状语从句),主语从句,主语从句在复合句中做主句
31、的主语。引导主语从句的词有: 连词:that whether; 连接代词:who what which; 连接副词:when where how why等 That he will come to the party excited us. Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.,Who won the game is now known. What he said is right. When we shall meet again is unknown. that 一般置于句首,引导的是一个完整 的陈述句 that 在从句中无任何意义,不作
32、成分,只起连接作用,但不可以省略 有时,为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调,常用 it 作形式主语,把 that 引导的主语从句放到后面。,常用的句式主要有: It + be + 形容词 + that从句 常用的形容词有:likely, right , wrong, certain, necessary, important, natural, strange, obvious, clear等 It is necessary that we (should) buy a Chinese-English dictionary. It is likely that there will be a sn
33、owstorm tomorrow. 在“It is necessary /important/strange/natural +that从句”结构中,从句谓语动词常用“should +动词原形”,should 也可省略。,It + be + 名词 + that 从句 常用的名词有:a pity, a shame, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder, good news等 It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture. It is no wonder that you have achieved so mu
34、ch success. It + be +动词-ed + that 从句 常用的动词-ed 形式:said, believed, hoped, reported, told, thought, advised, decided, suggested, ordered等 It is said that the famous writer will visit our school next week.,It was suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 在“It is advised/decided/sugges
35、ted/ordered + that从句”结构中,从句谓语动词常用 “should +动词原形”,should 也可省略。 It +特殊动词+ that 从句 常用的动词有: happen, (doesnt) matter, occur, make difference 等 It happened that I knew how to deal with it. It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.,表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有: 连词:that whether; 连接代词:who what w
36、hich; 连接副词:when where how why 另外,because, as if/though也可引导表语从句。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt get up on time.,The question is whether he will come or not. Changsha is not what it used to be. This is how we got out of trouble then. It looks as if it is going to rain. that在从句中无任何意义,不作成分
37、,只起连接作用,但不可以省略 当主语为advice, decision, demand, suggestion, order等表示要求、主张、建议、命令的词时,从句谓语动词为“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。 My advice is that you (should) stop smoking.,同位语从句,同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词( fact, idea, news, promise 等)的后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词that,少数情况也用whether, how, when, where, why等。 The ne
38、ws that they won the match is true. The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading., that在从句中无任何意义,不作成分,只起连接作用,但不可以省略. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别: The news that they won the game is true. The news (that )you told us is true. a.从意义上讲,前者对名词加以解释说明,后者对名词进行修饰、限定。 b.从结构上讲,前者由连词that引导,不作成分,不可省略,后者
39、由关系词引导,代替先行词在从句中作某个成分,作宾语时可省略。,填入适当的引导词,1._ he wants is a book 2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.Is _ he told us true ?4.It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. 5._ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 6._
40、 matters most in learning English is enough practice.,7. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. 8._parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 9._ he will come here on Wednesday is not certain. 10._ he came here is not known. 11._he will go or
41、not is not clear. 12._ will take part in the physics contest will be announced this afternoon.,1.(08北京卷) The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 2.(08上海春卷) The news _ our athletes won another gold
42、 medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper A. which B. whether C. what D. that 3.(08上海春卷) _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That,4.(08上海卷) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. whic
43、h C. whom D. that 5.(08上海卷) It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that 6.(08天津卷)The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 7.(08重庆卷)People i
44、n Chongqing are proud of_ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how,8.(08安徽卷) Students are always interested in finding out _they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long 9.(08浙江卷) _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A
45、.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D. Who 10.(08浙江卷) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one,11.(08湖南卷)When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why
46、 C. whom D. which 12.(08陕西卷) Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 13.(08福建卷) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 14.(08山东卷) _ was most important to her, she
47、 told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As,1._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 2007 全国卷IIA. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 2007 上海卷 A. That B. WhatC. Whether D. Where 3. The traditional view is _ we
48、sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. 2007 上海卷 A. when B. whyC. whether D. that 4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales ,please? 2007 山东卷 Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever DNo matter who,5. You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ yo
49、u might get in the future. 2007 安徽卷 A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 6. Wheres that report? I brought it to you _you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday. 2007 北京卷 A. if B. when C. because D. before 7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. 2007
50、福建卷 A. how B. what C. which D. when 8. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 2007 湖南卷 A. why B. that C. when D. where,9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. 2007 江苏卷 A. whatB. whyC. how D. whether
51、10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 2007 陕西卷 A.That B.Which C.What D.As 11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read2007 上海春 AthatBwhatCwhich D. whether,1. (安徽06) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. when; that 2. (辽宁06) Do you have any
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- DB13T 2924-2018 太行鸡生态养殖育雏技术规程
- 数字孪生工业生产线行业跨境出海项目商业计划书
- 在线表演课程行业跨境出海项目商业计划书
- 浙江水利安全员c证考试试题及答案
- 浙江公务员c类面试题及答案
- 次氯酸钠中有效氯含量的测定38课件
- 浙江安全员考试考试试题及答案
- 枣庄成人高考试题及答案
- 统编版2024-2025学年语文五年级下册期末专题复习:病句辨析与修改(有答案)
- 云南经贸笔试题目及答案
- 2023年山东省济南市中考道德与法治真题(原卷版)
- 2024-2025学年中职语文基础知识-字词解析
- HG∕T 4686-2014 液氨泄漏的处理处置方法
- 租赁国企用地合同范本
- 2024年江苏省南京玄武区八下英语期末考试试题含答案
- 2024内蒙古森工集团第二批工作人员招聘【重点基础提升】模拟试题(共500题)附带答案详解
- 城市更新暨老旧小区改造二期项目-初步设计说明书
- 黑龙江省高校毕业生“三支一扶”计划招募笔试真题2021
- 职业道德与法治 第13课《学会依法维权》第二框课件《崇尚程序正义》
- 专业技术人员年度考核情况登记表
- 儿童眩晕的诊断与治疗课件
评论
0/150
提交评论