宾语从句讲解

1、语法专题宾语从句1、 概念:宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语宾语从句可用于主句动词之后：know、wonder、think、believe、hope、mean、say、ask、find、feel、hear、see等，或由形容词构成的系表结构，如：afraid、sure、glad、sorry、certain等。二、宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态1、连接词连词：that（常省略）、whetherif（是否）代词：who、whom、whose、what、which等副词：when、why、where、how等that引导的宾语从句：当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无实义，

2、常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。if/whether引导的宾语从句：当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.但在下列情况下只能用whether： 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether如：I dont know whether or not he does any wa

3、shing. 在不定式前用whether。如：I dont know whether to go whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如: Whether this is true or not，I cant say2、 语序宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon. HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywanttoknowwhattheycandoforus.3、 时态（1）主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapanin

4、aweek.Shesaysthatsheisastudent.She says that she came back yesterday.Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.(2) 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时）My father asked me if I would go with himThe children didnt know who he was.(3) 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或

5、事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.三、注意事项：1、Couldyoutellme？是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?2、由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例：Shesaid:“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”Shesaid Sheaskedme:“Doyoulikemaths?”Sheaskedme 3

6、、 合并句子时，从句中不再有助动词。DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow?(合并句子）Doyouknow_Jack_fromJapan?4、宾语从句与简单句的交换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext. Idontknowwhattodonext.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？ 5、 if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否

7、”，遵循宾语从句的时态规则；if引导条件状语从句时，词义为“如果”，时态遵循“主将从现”原则。例:I dont know if he (come) if it (rain) tomorrow.4、 直击中考1、-Mum，thevisittothesciencemuseumissowonderful -Really?Couldyoutellme ？(15镇江）A.thatyoudidandsawthereB.whenyoucomebackC.howdidyougetthere D.ifyousawmodelsofspacecraftthere2、 Couldyoupleasetellme ？ B

8、ytakinganonlinetour（15南通)AinwhichwaycanIimprovemywritingskills BhowIcantravelaroundtheworldineighthours Cwhatplacesofinterestwecanvisitatatime DhowshouldIgetsomemoreusefulinformation3-IsawDavidintheteachersofficethismorningDoyouknow_hewasthere?Hewenttheretohandinhishomework（15南京）AhowBwhetherCwhenDWh

9、y4、Excuseme,couldyoutellme ?Infiveminutes. （15苏州）A. howsoonwillthefilmbeginB.howsoonthefilmwillbeginC.howlongthefilmhasbeenonD.howlonghasthefilmbeenon5、 -ImgoingtogiveatalkontheDragonBoatFestivaltotheexchangestudents.-Great!Butdontforgettotellthem_.（15常州）A. whatshouldtheyeatatthefestivalB.whypeoplee

10、njoythefullmoonC.whatkindofraceisoftenheld D.Howdopeoplecelebrateit6、 Iknowhesbeencuriousabouteverything,butthats .Bepatient!（15无锡）A.whatdokidslikeB.whatkidslikeC.whatarekidslikeD.whatkidsarelike五、随堂练习：将下列简单句改成宾语从句1. He has gone to Hunan. I hear .2. She said,They are waiting for a bus. 3. Whose bag

11、is it? Do you know .4. What will you do? He asked me .5. Who teaches you maths? He asked me .6. I have seen him. I remembered .7. whatshisname. I want to know .8. Whats she looking for? Couldyoutellme .9. Whos singing? Do you know .10. whatsthematter? He didnt know .完成句子1 I wanted to know_(她在和谁交谈)2

12、He said_(他以前见过我)3 Im sorry for_(我所做的事)4 The teacher asked_(谁能回答这个问题)5 Jane said that_(她将乘飞机去那里)6 I wanted to know_(她是否有一些钱)7 We havent decided_(我们下一步该做什么)8 I think that English is_(没有数学难)9 Im not sure_(昨天天气是否晴朗)10He asked me_(是如何处理这件事的)11Do you know_(是否要下雨)12I wanted to know_(她是否来还是不来)13. 她问Tom她的车子有

13、什么问题？ 14.你对你正在做的事情感兴趣吗？ 15.我爸爸说他明天去买台新电脑。 宾语从句专项练习( ) 1. Can you tell me _ yesterday? A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do( ) 2. I want to know _ his homework yesterday evening.A. if he finished B. whether he had finishedC. had she finished D. has she finished( ) 3

14、. Lacy told me she _ me with my English this afternoon. A. will help B. to help C. would help D. is helping( ) 4. He said he _ me before. A. has met B. met C. was meeting D. had met( ) 5. He said that light _ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling( )6. I told t

15、hem that the sun _ in the east. A. rises B. rose C. raised D. raises( ) 7. Li Lei told Jim _ . A. how much yuan is the sweater B. how much is the sweater C. how much the sweater is D. how much the sweater was( ) 8. I was surprised at _ . A. what he is saying B. what he said C. what did he say D. wha

16、t said he( ) 9. -Could you tell me _ with the bike? -Its broken down. A. whats the matter B. what the matter is C. whats the wrong D. what the wrong is( ) 10. - I dont know if he _ . - He will come if it _ . A. comes, wont rainB. will come, doesnt rain C. comes, doesntrainD. will come, wont rain( )

17、11. I want to know _ will go with us. A.who B. whom C. what D. That( ) 12. I learned _ the city for a long time.A. she has been to B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to( ) 13. Jack isnt sure _ students there are in his class. A. how many B. what C. which D. Whether( )14. I hear _ the teacher will come back from the UK soon. A. which B. that C. when D. whether( ) 15. Do you know _ ? A. is it whose pen B. whose pen is it C. whose pen it is D. it is whose pen( ) 16. I dont understand _ you said. A. when B. that C. where D. what( ) 17. Can you tell me _ the meetin