大学英语四级考试真题第二套

1、大学英语四级考试真题第二套2016年1月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)at iwiig （3 inus)diretion:for this prt, ure lloed0 minutsto write a essy. suppe yo hae twooptins uon raduan: on to take a jo iacmpan and tohrogo to aradate school. o artoak a choice betweenhe w. wrte nessa to epain theresons foryour cic. should wrieat eas 20 words

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16、opan egry.c.smal conties i eupe.d tourist tratios n urop.a readingcopehnson (40 nutes)section dction： in thi setio, thereis a assage ith te blk yo rerequied eec n wofor ealankfoa itof chcesgiven na ord bank flwngth passag. readthepssage through caefullefrmaking yrchoices.each choice n hebank isidnfi

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18、n heatintkesinc 185hasake lasice199, reeaches reoronlin natelimae chagewaring waters are known o7 to coaaching (珊瑚白化)dthey take u morespacehan coe watrs, iig sea8whie te p te ocean swelstudie,tsdpts are moreicult to 2t reserchesgtheed 50 yes of ceantematre dta n rd togt abter0 f eat abopion frm urfa

19、e tosb. e gtee togeter emperature readingcolleced beerytngf 1h etur31 ofbritisnavashistomemaumatedcanobs. hexensiv daa orces，32 wihcmputer imuations( 计算机模拟），rated atimlineofocean empertue ches, incluing coon from volanc utbreksnd warmig frmosil fuelbo35 prcet o the heatakenbythe oceasdurng e industr

20、ial era now rsides at3 of moe than 0es, th esearcrsfun. thy say thye5hether th dep-awarmng canele utwring atthe ses surce.a aborb. cminedc. oibu. epthe. emissiosf. exursiong. exploeh.flor.hehtsj.indferentk. vel.mixd. pituen. usreo vyageio bdiretons： inths ectin, ouar going to eadpassagw e tatmentsat

21、tchedtoieachsttemen continsinfrmatngini oe f the aragaphs.idntiy theparagrahfrm which he information sderied. you mychoseapagaph mo han oneeacaaga is mredwithaetter.ae he qestios markintecorsnding etr aswer heet 2.te sect toriin smar kidsa) ifistbegan t ivtigate th bsis ohunmotion-andh peoplepsevere

22、 atrsebac-as psycolg raduate sdentat alenersity i the 196. nimal exeriments ypsycholgits at teunierity of ennsyvania a shon hataftr eted failure, mosanalscoclue ha a iton oeessad beyntheir control. fter suchan eperince a amaloftn reais pasve even when ita effeccngea stte hey aled aehlplesnss.b) peop

23、le cnlearn tbehelpss, o.wh osoe udent give up henhe eontr difficulty,whereasotheswho areno moe killecotinuetostre and lrn? on nswe， isodicoere, layi peopesbeifs about wy they d faied.) i paticular,attibting porperfrace to a lack of biit deressmoiatin more than dothebeie atlak f efort s tblame. whei

24、told agrouof schl childen who displayedhellesbehavo hata lak f efort do heir mtakes i mh, theylearnedt keep yingwhnhe prbles go touh.anoter goup f helples cilnwho were mplyrewaded forhir sucsson eirprobmd nt prove therabiliyo sle ad toblms. theseepeimntsndicat th afoo efortn hlp resolve helplesnesa

25、nerasucess.d) ler,ideveloped a boade teorof hat searte the two gnerl clases f learner-helplesvrs mastr-oriented.eazed thesediffern type students no on xpain her ailuresirently, ut hy als old dfferent eos of inteligence.he helpless onesblivintelen is axedcharcteritic: yo he only aetain amount, and ht

26、s that. icll this fixed mn-et （思维模式）. itaks crackteir self-oideece hey ateerrors toa lak of ablit, hih th fee poweressto change. thyvoi hlengs becase hlengesake miks mor ikel the masteryore hildren， on the oher han, tink intllgence isno fixed a can e deeopetugh educaon ndhard work. such chidnbeieve

27、challengesae enerizig rathetn nimidat(令人生畏)； tey ofe oportuis o learn tudentih u growt mdsetere deind (注定) fogrear academic scces an wrqutkeyt uerf thercuntrpar.e)e vaiad tseexcaiosn astdyn whch t ohepsychooist and i mniored 37tudens fr o ears duing the traniton tojuor hgh shol, hethe wrkgtmoe difcu

28、land te grag ore tric, detemine w theirind-s ight fet theiathgrdes at thbginnin of svethgade, w aesed hestdetsine y kingthe o agee or disarewthstatementssuch asyur elinc is sothingvery basicabutyou that ocnt realychage. we tn ssessd thi belief about othe apecs learningan loked to see hatappene her r

29、ads.f) as predced, the stdenswih grwh mind-se felt that laning was mo imprtnt goal tangettigod grdes. in dtion, hey hldharwork in high rad. tey undrstod thatevegeniss have to wor hard. cnfrnt byasetbacksuh aaisappointing tetgr, studentsit aowh mid-et sad they woldstudy hrdr o trya difernt traegy hes

30、tudetswld a fixd id-set，hoeer, were concrne abou ookin smartih les rgdforlrng.th hdegative vies of effort, beieving tat havng towork ard wasasignf lo blity.thy thugh thta persowit talet or inteligcdino eed work do wllattriutin a gradeto their on lac ablt, thosetaixd mind-set sid that hyouldstud less

31、 n te tur， t evr ttke that sbjet anadconsderceatin onfuture testsg） ch diffeet oulookshad a dramatic imact on promnce. ate star f uior high， the athachievement est scores o he studetswth agrt min-et re cmparble to tose ofstudenswoisplayed a xdid-set but as wrk bcamemoe difficul,thestuentsha grh min-

32、set owd greater perssence. as a reut,teirmah gdsovertok tose f thethersudents by th end of th first smer-nd t gapten he two goups coniued twidn urige tw yswolowedthem.h) a fxed mnd-secanlso idercomunicatinad pogres in the orklac and dicoaoignorecontrcti crism anddvice researcshw tha mages h av fixem

33、d-searless likel sek or elome febcro theirempoye thaarnagers with a grothmn-sti) o d weransmit rowtind-set to our cldrn? oe ways y teg stories abuachieeent hat sul rom work. foristace, talingaut atematcal gisewr mreor es bon tat wyuts stnt i fixd mind-et,bu desriptiongeatmamaiianshofellinlov with ma

34、th a dveoe amazing skill rdu a gow mind-et.j） in adiion, parents adecescan help chidren y prvding eplici instction rgaring hmin s learning mine i esigne a eigh-ssn orkshop for91 stdents woemathrads were declning in th rstyearof jnior ig.fort-eigtof the tudents reevinsutio in udyskils oy，hereas the h

35、r attned a combination of tudy skills sessionsa class in whch they leaed abu the grwth mnd-set n how o applitto showork. nte growthmndset classes, stuentsreda diued n artcl nle you can ro yourbrin. they wereagttht the rain is lie a muscle thtgets strnr with sead thatearning promptsh brain to grw nw

36、conneions. fom c instructon, may sunbegantoseethemselvesas agents o theirobrain dveloet despite being nawr tt thee werewo typesofinstrucon, eaherpoted signiintmtivtionlchaes n %fthechirenn terowh mind-et workhopas core with only 9 f studntsn tecnolop.k) rese is overgg (汇聚)o te concusion tht ataccoli

37、shmnt andeve eiu istypcallthe resut yeas f pso an deito d notsoething that flows naurall fro aift.3. thauhorsxperit shows ttstuents it ixed ind-se elieeavng to wrk hardis n ictionf lowbility7. focuing o effor s effeive in helpingcildren ovrcme fruraio anchive success.3. ca ctia grwth md-seti chlren

38、telig ces toies that mphaszharwor and ove of learnng.3.tudes beif abot t caseof heraiure explaisheratitd towar etaks40 inth uhos expeint, students with a growth mnd-et showed gater persevrac n soling dfcult ah proles41he uthor cnductdn xperimentt find utau he infunce of stunts in-etsoat learing.42.

39、er filingaain a agai, mst anmlsive he3 iforing sdets abouthe ban as a lernng mace i goodstrategytoenhance their moivatio forlning.44. ple wihaixed mind-set iev thatns ntlligees ceae.45. in teworkplace,feedbackmay not b sowelcome o maages with iemind-set.ection cirectons： there are sg in this ecton e

40、ach asae is folow bsoeqestionsoufnishe temnt. or ec o ththere r fo chces mar a., b., c. andd . y shoulecidthe best choice and mak the crrespnding lettr oanswerheet 2 wtha sgle ine ru h cetr.passage nquestins 6t50 are bedo the following ssag.sugr,alhol and tbacco,economist adam mith oce wrt，aremodiie

41、s hic arnowere necssarie oflfe， whih avebece bects ofalmos unirsa nsumption, andhichare， therfr, etreelul subjct oftaxaion. wo an aht ceturies n,mstcuntries impose sosort of tx on acoho atobcco. witsuring obesi les ptting csing sin on publceah systems, goernmnts roundthe worlhavbegun toto itthe id o

42、f txing ur asll.wehersuch txe k s amattr ofebate.a preliminay riw of mxic taxatin ou aalinpurchss oftaxeddnkss wella rse in salesf ntae and ealhiedriks by otrast,anshta onfoods hih in fswas bndone ear tr itinrodction, ami ms atcnumers ereaoiding it b crossigtebordrto germantosisfyheir dese forcheer,

43、attierare.the food inustry as, in genea,een firmy oppsed tosuch drec ovenmet acon.nonetheles, the renwed ocuson waistlins ens tdustrygopsar nderprssure teonstrae thei prducts are heh as lls tay.ve pst threecaes，the idustr had oe ffotsto iprvete uayo soffeins. for exampl, smedrin manactures haet theamout o sugar their eeraes.y of he redutions oer thepa 30 ers hav eeachivd ether b euing the amount ar,al orfatn a duct,or by fndin naternative ngrient.moe cently,owvr, somecmpas aebeeninv