英语主谓一致详解

1、主谓一致（Agreement） 一. 本周教学内容：主谓一致（Agreement）二. 重点、难点：主谓一致问题是中国学生最容易忽视的语法现象，因为在汉语中不涉及主谓一致问题，所以要想掌握这个问题，一定要看清句子结构，找准主语，判断谓语动词的单复数。具体内容：1. 语法结构上的一致。找准主语，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。（1）一些不确切的表示比例的修饰词修饰主语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语决定。如：all, most, half, some, many, rest, 40%, 2/3, one third等, none作主语时单复数要看句子结构要求。例句：Half of the wate

2、r is fresh water.All of my friends like sports.Two thirds of the wood was made in Japan.70% of the students agree.None of the people here is a farmer.（2）表示确切数量的词修饰主语时，主语中心语决定谓语动词，注意neither或either作主语时，谓语动词看作单数。例句：One of the students comes from England.Neither of the girls likes football.（3）主语由more th

3、an one 或many a 修饰，虽然表示复数意义，但主语中心语是名词单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。如果是more than one修饰主语，主语中心语一定是复数，谓语动词则用复数。例句：More than a house has been damaged in the hurricane.More members than one are for you plan.（4）一些主语后会出现介词短语as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, in

4、cluding, in addition to等，表示复数意义，但谓语动词单复数只由主语中心语决定。例句：The teacher with her students was excited after the match.Nobody but Sam and Mike was in the classroom.注：如果名词由 every, each, no来修饰，即便结构上表示并列，谓语动词用单数形式。Every girl and every boy likes football.Each member and each waiter of the club is satisfied with

5、 the behavior of the boss.（5）有的词组既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如a lot of, lots of, plenty of,谓语动词单复数由名词决定，但是amounts of, quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。例句：Plenty of water on the earth is sea water.Amounts of water are used to water flowers.2. 语言意义上的一致有的单词单数形式表示复数意义，有的单词复数形式表示单数意义，还有的单词单复数同型，那就要看在句子中所表达的

6、意义了。（1）集体名词：crowd, people, police, cattle, militia等，单数形式，表示复数意义；然而family, team, group 等集体名词，既可以看作整体，表示单数意义，也可以强调成员，表示复数意义。例句：The police were running after the robber.警方正在追赶那个盗贼。The whole family are watching TV.全家人在看电视。The red team won the game.红队赢得了比赛。（2）形复意单的名词 news, works等和一些学科名词 physics, politics

7、, economics，表达单数含义。例句：The works was translated in 1859.这本著作是1859年翻译的。（3）一些单复数同型的名词means, species, Chinese, Japanese，要分析句子中的具体意义，选择谓语动词的单复数形式。例句：Chinese is a hard-working race. 中华民族是个勤劳的民族。Chinese are hard-working people. 中国人民是勤劳的人民。（4）不定式、动名词或从句做主语时，要看所并列的不定式、动名词或从句所指代的情况是一个整体还是不同情形来选择谓语动词的单复数。例句：Go

8、ing to bed early and getting up early is good for your health.Where to find him and how to find him is not known to us.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.3. 就近原则（1）or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于离谓语较近的主语。例句：Not only Tom but a

9、lso Mary and Helen are from America.The students or their teacher likes the new classroom.（2）there be 句型中，遵循就近原则。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.【典型例题】例1 Tony, along with his mother and aunt, _ going to the concert.A. areB. isC. is able toD. dare

10、 not答案：B解析：along with his mother and aunt这个介词短语在含义上表示伴随状态，但是在结构上，只有Tony 是主语，故谓语动词是单数形式。例2 Half of the furniture _ made.A. areB. has beenC. haveD. has答案：B解析：当half of 修饰主语时，谓语动词单复数看名词furniture, 故选单数形式。例3 “Are there any students who can answer this question?” “_”.A. NeitherB. NoneC. No oneD. No body答案：

11、C解析：none和no one都可以指人，但这里是一个there be 句型的一般疑问句形式，完整的答话应 “No, there is no student who can answer this question.” 所以当我们回答时使用No one；如果我们问 “How many of the students can answer this question?” 应回答 “None”, none表示数量为零。例4 This furniture is different from _.A. thatB. that oneC. theseD. these ones答案：A解析：注意furni

12、ture是不可数名词，所以不能用one 或these 来指代，故选A。例5 The number of errors _.A. are surprisingB. were surprisingC. is surprisedD. was surprising答案：D解析：主语中心语是number，而不是errors 所以谓语动词用单数。例6 Either of the two sides of the street _ trees.A. have been planted B. must plantC. is plantedD. will be permitted to plant答案：C解析：

13、Either 做句子主语中心语，谓语动词用单数形式。【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）1. Nobody but Sam and Mike _ in the lab.A. had beenB. isC. were D. are2. Many a man _ to take physical examinations.A. was usedB. was requiredC. want D. who is going to3. Jacks imagination, as well as his sense of humor, _ delighted. A. were both B. had C.

14、have D. was4. Burt, not Anne and Laura, _ the bicycle pump.A. have foundB. have been found C. has been found D. has found5. To collect stamps _ much money.A. spend B. costs C. take D. can have6. There _ a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. are B. mustC. have beenD. is7. All that glitters _

15、not gold.A. haveB. has C. is D. are8. The population of our country _ by 50 percent over the last twenty years.A. has increasedB. were risenC. have been increasedD. have rose9. Each one of the statues _ different.A. are not B. is C. make D. can be not10. A considerable number of particles _ electric

16、 charges.A. carries B. carryC. carried D. has carried11. Terry is only one of the secretaries who _ classes.A. still attendB. still attendsC. attend stillD. have still attended12. The singer and dancer _ our evening party.A. is to attendB. are to attendC. were to attendD. is attend13. The athlete, t

17、ogether with coach and several relatives, _ to the Olympic Games.A. travelB. are travelingC. be travelingD. is traveling14. All who speak well of you _ not your friends. A. are B. is C. have been D. has been 15. More students than one _ watching the Olympics in the classroom.A. are B. is C. haveD. h

18、as【试题答案】1. B2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C8. A9. B10. B11. B12. A13. D14. A15. A【励志故事】主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。定语是句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化的词。状语是修饰动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、分句以至句子的成分。状语根据语义可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结构状语、程度状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、方面状语、伴随状语和句子状语。定