专四语法之比较结构.ppt

1、比较结构,一 比较结构(comparative Construction),英语中比较结构最主要有三种： asas 结构 morethan 结构 the most结构,1.asas结构,基本模式：as+adj/adv (原级）+as 否定形式：1) not as/so+adj/adv (原级）+as 2)也可用 lessthan e.g John is as bright as Bob. (否定）John is not as bright as Bob. John is less bright than Bob.,用法： 主语不同，比较项目相同。 This parcel is as heavy

2、 as that one. 2. 主语相同，比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. 这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。 3.主语和比较项目都不同。 The swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as.),另一种模式：as much/many + n +as 否定形式：not as/so much/many + n +as 1) He took as much butter as he need. He didnt take as/so mu

3、ch butter as he needed. 2) She has written as many essays as her brother (does). She hasnt written as many essays as her brother (does).,变体形式：as + adj(原级）+名词词组 + as (注意下列句子的语序） 1.George is as efficient a worker as Jack. (名词的意义受到强调） or George is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack. (形容词的意义受到强调） 2.

4、 I dont want as expensive a car as this.,2. more than结构,1) 用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。 The concert was more enjoyable than lecture. 2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。 The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。 此用法也可用于lessthan结构，但得出相反的含义。 The present crisis is much less

5、a political than an economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。,3.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围,比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用： any other +单数名词 the other +复数名词 the others anyone/anything else 上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误 。,补充说明,1 not soas & not so much as London isnt so big as Tokyo.伦敦没有东京大。 It wasnt s

6、o much his appearance I liked as his personality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。） 前一例相当于一般的比较结构，后一例相当于lessthan 的含义。 not so much as是一个专四常考结构。,真题举例： It is not so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.(99,45)(07.57) 【注：同一个句子专四考了两次，这说明了反复看往年题的重要性】 That trumpet player wa

7、s certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.(04,41),2.not more/-er than 与 no more/-er than John is not better than Tom. (否定前者，肯定后者) John is no better than Tom.(对前后者都否定） 真题举例： Over population pose a terrible threat to human race. Yet it is probably not more

8、 a threat than environmental destruction.(07.62),3.no more than (=notany more than)两者一样都不 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。 Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44) 脂肪不能变成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。,4. the morethe more与 more and more the more.the more

9、表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。more and more 只表示一个过程的不断增长。如 the wilder the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have, the wilder and suppler must be our command over a rang of English styles.,5. “of a +n” 的比较级 “of a +n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如 He is more of

10、a doctor. 他更像个医生。 该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如 He is as of an athlete as she. 他和她一样具备运动员的素质。,There are as good fish in the sea _ ever came out of it. (2007, 51) ThanB. likeC. asD. so It is not _ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2007,57) A. ThatB. asC. soD. very,

11、It was _ we had hoped. (2006, 64) A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as,Do you know Tims brother? He is _ than Tim. A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman,Over population pose a terrible threat

12、 to human race. Yet it is probably _ a threat than environmental destruction.(07,62) A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more,The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _ to the truck. (2004,57) A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stress,A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009,55) A. the price of three times B. three times the price