专业英语8Translationofverb.ppt

1、2020/12/5,1,动词的翻译,动词是任何语言中最重要的词类。英语中动词主要用来作句子的谓语，也可构成非谓语动词形式等。 按句子中的结构不同，动词译法如下： 谓语动词的译法 非谓语动词的译法 情态动词的译法 时态翻译,2020/12/5,2,谓语动词的译法,直译 Voltage regulating devices maintain the voltage at receiving end within permissible limits. 调压装置保持接收端的电压在允许值内 Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangea

2、ble, so that there is no “absolute” time and space. 爱因斯坦宣称物质和能量可以相互转化，因此没有“绝对的”时间和空间,2020/12/5,3,谓语动词的译法,引申 The expense of such an instrument has discouraged its use. 这种仪器高昂的价格使其应用受到限制。 Electrics deals with the activities and uses of free electrons. 电学研究自由电子的行为及用途,2020/12/5,4,谓语动词的译法,转换 The new tech

3、nology is based on the behavior of electrons in layers of semiconductor materials only a few millionths of a millimeter thick 这种新技术的基础是电子在仅有几个毫微米厚的半导体材料层中的奇特性能 This paper aims at discussing the discovery of new energy sources. 本文的目的在于探讨新能源的发现,2020/12/5,5,谓语动词的译法,省译 The charged capacitor behaves as a

4、 secondary battery 充了电的电容器（的行为）就像蓄电池一样。 The power plant gives factories its constant supply of electricity. 该发电厂源源不断地向各工厂提供电力,2020/12/5,6,谓语动词的译法,搭配不同的词，译法也不同 reduce the pressure 减少压力 reduce the temperature 降低温度 reduce the time 缩短时间 reduce prices 削减定价 reduce the weight 减轻重量,2020/12/5,7,非谓语动词的译法,非谓语动

5、词不单独做谓语，不受主词限定，没有人称与数的变化，起着各种不同的语法功用。 英语中非谓语动词有三种 动名词 分词 不定式。,2020/12/5,8,动名词的译法,英语中动名词既有动词特征，又有名词特征，在句子中可以做主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity. 加热半导体就意味着增加了半导体的电导率 Being small and light makes transistors more advantageous to vacuum tubes 由于体积小，重量轻，晶体管要优于真空管,2020

6、/12/5,9,分词的译法,英语的分词有现在分词和过去分词两种 现在分词表示“主动”和“进行”的意义 过去分词表示“被动”和“完成”的意义 Inducing current：施感电流 induced current：感应电流 Boiling water：沸水 boiled water：开过的水,2020/12/5,10,分词的译法,分词作定语 This driving force tending to produce the motion of electrons through a circuit is called an electromotive force or e.m.f，for s

7、hort. 这种能使电子在电路中运动的驱动力称之为电动势或简称e.m.f. 分词作宾语补足语 One watt of power will keep a current of one ampere flowing in a circuit under a pressure of one volt. 一瓦电可以使一安培电流在电压为一伏的回路中流动,2020/12/5,11,分词的译法,分词作时间状语 Working in that power plant, I learnt a lot from the engineers. 在那个电厂工作时，我从工程师们那里学到了许多东西 分词作原因状语 Kn

8、owing the voltage and resistance, we were able to find the current. 知道了电压和电阻，便可求出电流,2020/12/5,12,分词的译法,分词作条件状语 Heated, water will change to vapour. 如果受热，水就会变成蒸汽 分词作让步状语 Having been repaired several times, the generator cannot work yet. 这个发电机虽然已经修了好几次，可还是不能用,2020/12/5,13,分词的译法,分词作结果状语 We can increase

9、 the length of the wire, thus increasing its resistance 我们可以增加导线的长度，从而增大其电阻 分词独立结构的译法 Simple substances consists of atoms, each substances having its special atoms. 单一物质都是由原子组成的，每种物质都有其特有的原子,2020/12/5,14,不定式的译法,不定式作主语 To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 电磁波的传输需要能量 To start a body moving

10、requires a greater force than to keep it. 要让一个物体开始运动，需要一个比维持其运动还要大的力,2020/12/5,15,不定式的译法,不定式作表语和宾语 Our task is to make a 300kW generator. 我们的任务是制造一台300千瓦的发电机 We find it possible to transform a.c. into d.c. by using a rectifier. 我们发现能用整流器把交流电变为直流电,2020/12/5,16,不定式的译法,不定式作宾语补足语 Conductors allow a larg

11、e number of electrons to move freely. 导体允许大量的电子自由运动 不定式作定语 There are different ways to charge a body 有各种不同的使物体带电的方法,2020/12/5,17,不定式的译法,不定式作目的状语 To meet our production needs, more and more electric power will be generated. 为了满足生产的需要，将生产越来越多的电力 不定式作结果状语 A resistor is placed parallel with another only

12、 to make the current greater. 一个电阻器与另一个电阻器并联，从而使电流变大,2020/12/5,18,不定式的译法,不定式作原因状语 We are very glad to have taken part in the 2nd phase electrical engineering construction. 我们很高兴参加了二期电气工程的建设 不定式作其他状语 Loss of control is most likely to occur on inductive loads 这种失控现象在电感负载时最可能发生,2020/12/5,19,情态动词的译法,英语的

13、情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，ought to等。此外，在一定场合shall，should，will，would，need，dare等也可作情态动词。 情态动词不能单独作句子的谓语，主要与动词原形连用。,2020/12/5,20,can和could,Electricity can drive motors 电能驱动马达 You can turn on the light 你可以开灯 He couldnt be over sixty 他不可能有60多岁 I cannot have said so 我绝不会说这样的话,2020/12/5,21,may和might,

14、If he comes here, he may help us 如果他来到这儿，他或许可以帮助我们 If he were here, he might help us 他要是在这里，他或许能帮助我们 If he had been here, the breakdown might have been fixed. 如果他当时在这儿的话，这故障也许早就排除了,2020/12/5,22,shall和should,A spare set of brushes should be of proper rating. 备用电刷组应该有适当的额定值 Safety precaution should be

15、 observed at all time. 必须时刻遵守安全操作规程 You should have been more careful. 你本当更加仔细些 We use insulators for fear that electricity should leak away from the wire 我们使用绝缘体，以免漏电,2020/12/5,23,will，would，must,This current changing, the magnetic field will change. 如果这一电流变化，则磁场也会变化。 Short circuits would cause ver

16、y strong currents to flow. 短路会产生非常大的电流 He must have fixed the breakdown. 他一定已经排除了故障,2020/12/5,24,动词时态的翻译,一般现在时 Two negative charges repel each other, and so do two positive charges 两个负电荷相斥，两个正电荷也是如此 一般过去时 I used that instrument yesterday 我昨天用过那个仪器,2020/12/5,25,动词时态的翻译,一般将来时 In this article, we shall

17、 discuss the important effects accompanying the motion of electric charges. 在本文中，我们将讨论电荷运动有关的重要效应 过去将来时 He said he would visit our power plant. 他说他将参观我们电厂,2020/12/5,26,动词时态的翻译,现在完成时 So far, we have produced many transformers 目前，我们已经生产出了许多变压器 过去完成时 By yesterday we had dismantled all the old transform

18、ers and voltage stabilizers. 到昨天，我们已经拆除了所有旧的变压器和稳压器 将来完成时 By the end of this year, the new generating unit will have been put into operation. 到年末，新机组将投入运行,2020/12/5,27,动词时态的翻译,现在进行式 They are developing a new product. 他们正在开发一种新的产品 过去进行式 When I came to see him he was repairing a superheater. 我来看他时，他正在修理一个过热器,2020/12/5,28,动词时态的翻译,现在完