补课九数词主谓一致

1、数词复习要点：1.基数词、序数词和分数词的构成及基本用法。2.数词作主语时的主谓一致。基础知识数词主要包括基数词、序数词和分数词。基数词是表示数目多少的数词，序数词是表示先后顺序的数词。分数词由基数词和序数词构成。一、 基数词基数词分为：具体能表示出个数的实指基数词和不能表示出具体的虚指基数词。前者如：one, two, dozen, score 等等；后者如：hunderds of, tens of, billions of 实指基数词1. 小数小数点：point 零：zero或naught小数英文表示：例如5.36：five point thirty-six; 1.278 one poin

2、t teo seven eight2. 分数分子用基数词，分子用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如，one-third, two-thirds3. 百分数由基数词+percent 构成如75% seventy-five percent4. 时间格式：日月，年 10 May, 1997月日，年 May 10, 1997刻钟表示法：分针所指不到三十分时常用past，超过三十分时用to。一刻钟即十五分钟可用quarter，如：8:25 twenty-five past eight6:30 six thirty/ half past six7:50 ten to eight9:45 a qua

3、rter to ten/ fifteen to ten5. 编号。表示房间时，不用序数词，常用room+基数词，如room 812; Class 5, Grade 3, the Second World War= World War Two习惯用语：one by one 一个接一个； one and all= everyone 每人，所有人；one at a time 每次一个； at one time 从前，一度；ones and twos零零星星；twos and threes三三两两； at sixes and sevens乱七八糟 注意：1. hundred, thousand, mi

4、llion, billion, dozen, score等前有具体数字或several, a few等修饰时，一般不用复数；在表示不确切数目时，可用复数。如： Several million people in the world are using this brand of toothpaste every day. My teacher went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 2. 表示年岁时，用“in ones +逢十的基数词的复数”。如：in his forties。 3. 表示年代时，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数

5、”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加s。如：in the 1950s / 1950s。二、序数词第一：first；第二：second；第三：third；第四：fourth；第五：fifth；第六：sixth；第七：seventh；第八：eighth；第九：ninth；第十二：twelfth；第十九：nineteenth；第二十：twentieth；第二十一：twentieth-first；第四十：fortieth 注意： 1. 序数词前通常要加定冠词the或与物主代词一起使用，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语等。E.g. She is always the first one

6、 to come and the last one to leave in her office.He is the last man i want to turn to.2. 序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。如：a third time, a third and a fourth等。E.g. i want to visit you a second time.3. 序数词也有不加冠词的情况The team ranks first/second/third.in its country.He came out first/second in the contest.4.习惯用语fi

7、rst of all 首先；at first起初；for the first time第一次；the first time.第一次.就.;in the first place首先，从一开始；from the first从头开始；first-class一流的；second-hand二手的；in a second立刻；every second week= every other week=every two weeks每两周；三、分数词 1. 分数词是由基数词和序数词构成，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示；除了分子为1的情况下，序数词都要用复数形式。如：1/3 one third；3/5 thr

8、ee fifths；1/4 one fourth或a quarter;3/4 three fourths 或 three quarters;2. “分数/百分数+ of +名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词或代词的数保持一致。如：Two-thirds of her spare time is spent on housework.80 percent of the houses were damaged in the big earthquake.3.基数词的位置基数词常在another,all之后，such, more之前；在last,next,other前后都可。如：Can you

9、have anther two cakes?I can finish reading five such books in three days.Give her one more apple to eat.= Give her one apple more to eat.四、常见考点 高考对数词的考查主要集中在年龄表达法、年代表达法、序数词前加冠词及数词作主语时的主谓一致等。【考例】One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. A. is; are

10、B. is; isC. are; are D. are; is根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。1.Early _ _ _ (二十世纪七十年代) no one had any idea that the woman would become a millionaire by planting flowers. 2.There are a great many overseas students in our university, _ _ _ (他们当中五分之二) come from Asia.3.Every day in modern society _ _(几百万) custo

11、mers go shopping on the Internet. 4. _ _ _ (每三年), scores of students from the foreign language school are sent to Britain to learn English.5. You can go to the railway station on foot. It is only _ _ _ (十分钟的旅程).6.Tom looked quite healthy though he was _ _ _ (七十多岁了).主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致，应遵循以

12、下三个原则：(1) 就近一致：谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语(2) 意义一致：主语形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，意义是单数，谓语动词用单数；(3) 语法一致：主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。1） 就近一致原则(1)由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.(是还是; 或者或者; 不是就是; 不管还是)，not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his pare

13、nts nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。（习题四）Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。Politics(政治) is his favorite subject.表示某些组织机构的名词、书/

14、报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据

15、其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.“the形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.3.语法一致原则(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语“a/the名词单数and名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。（习题六）The tea

16、cher and poet often gives lectures around the city.“a/the名词单数anda/the名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.“every名词单数andevery名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Bread

17、 and butter is not to his taste.(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty pounds enough?(3)“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Two-thirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.（4）单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来

18、决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。如：There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats.（5） 表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，这类名词有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：A pair of trousers is on the bed.（6）如果主语由more tha

19、n one . 或many a . 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more than +复数名词”或“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。（习题三）如：Many a playwright is satisfied with the play.More than one person has been concerned in this.（7） 代词作主语由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing,

20、everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：Each book was in its proper place.关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。（习题五、七）如：He is one of the students who were late this morning.He is the only one of the students who was late this morning. a

21、ll, most, none, some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：Most of his spare time was spent in reading.All of my classmates work hard.当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致(习题五)。如：The missing things, as well as the bag, hav

22、e been found and returned to the owner.（8）. 从句及非谓语动词作主语名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.What you want is a big

23、bag.You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient.动词-ing形式短语或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit. 巩固练习1. So far David is the only one of us who _has gone_ (go) abroad.2. Such singers as Liu Huan _is_ (be) widely popular, of whose songs, however, some _are_(be) difficult to sing. 3. Many a famous pop star _is performing_(perform) in the concert tonight, so Im looking forward to it very muc