2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题五

1、2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题五第1部分：词汇选项。下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Sally likes to tease her brother about his girl friends.A. charm B. laugh at C. criticize D. respect2. Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.A. encouragedB. endangeredC

2、. endorsed D. enlarged3. You have to follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule.A. obvious B. simple C. only D. assumed4. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A. strange B. certain C. inconsistent D. pr

3、oper5. Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.A. convert B. store C. utilize D. receive6. First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.A. at any placeB. at any priceC. in any language D. in any country7. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not

4、 the color, of objects that arouses the bull.A. confuses B. excites C. scares D. diverts8. Sulfur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.A. regularly B. accidentally C. sometimes D. successfully9. Many fine cooks insist on ingredients (成分) of the highest quality.A. demand B

5、. rely on C. prepare forD. create10. The company recommended that a new petrol station (should) be built here.A. ordered B. insisted C. suggested D. demanded11. It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.A. sincere B. hard C. strict D. tight12. They

6、 agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.A. solve B. determine C. untie D. complete13. The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.A. argued B. predicted C. said D. suggested14. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.A. despair B. difficulty C. need

7、D. danger15. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent参考答案：1-5 BACBC6-10 BBCAC11-15 BAADD第2部分：阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Rescue platformIn th

8、e aftermath (后果) of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers (摩天楼). One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically (垂直地) and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and

9、down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories.The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metrevelis design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that t

10、urn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers (飞机上的螺旋推进器), the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of powe

11、r to each propeller.Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unsta

12、ble beyond a certain length.So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.16. A rescue platform called the Eagle

13、 is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The four propellers are fitter horizontally to the Eagle.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. With the help of jet engines, the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19.

14、 In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. In the wake of September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding

15、 to build up a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned参考答案：16-22 BACBC BC第3部分：概括大意与完成句子。下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要

16、求从所给的6个选项中为第48段其中四段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Mir Space StationThe Russian Mir (沙俄时代的一种村社组织) Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term (长期的) human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space fli

17、ght history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US$4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and se

18、ven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who

19、 visited the station during nine stopovers (中途停留) by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and

20、 multinational operations.A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory (实验室) for 23, 000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings

21、, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that

22、Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a ba

23、d year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator (发电机) caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space statio

24、n was ruined.Mirs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the

25、 next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.23. Paragraph 4 _24. Paragraph 5 _25. Paragraph 6 _26. Paragraph 8 _A. Undeniable Mirs AchievementsB. Rewards Following the U.S. Financial InjectionC. Mirs Problem YearD. Mir Regarded as a C

26、omplete FailureE. Mirs Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space ExplorationF. A great Debt Owned to the International Space Station27. Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was _.28. In Mir, the U.S. astronauts created _.29. When we think of Mir

27、in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are _.30. The writer tend to think that Mir was _.A. everythingB. a great successC. a tremendous failureD. nothingE. many firstsF. quite possible参考答案：23-30 BEC AFEDB第4部分：阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA sc

28、ientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laboratory tests aboard NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample; the landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an

29、 instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.“We have water,” said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. “This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. ”The robotic arm is a critica

30、l part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench a

31、pproximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays sample had

32、 been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.“Mars is giving us some surprises,” said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. “Were excited because surprises are where discoveries co

33、me from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing weve done so far. ”Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA

34、, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Cana

35、dian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.“Its a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,” said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenixs surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.“The details and patte

36、rns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see,” said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University, lead scientist for Phoenixs Surface Stereo Imager camera. “They help us plan measurements were making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a w

37、ider scale. ”31. What was discovered by NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?A. Vast lakesB. Flowing riversC. Water in a soil sample.D. Living things32. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?A. The sample vaporized awayB. Fresh material was exposed to the airC. The samples got stuck in

38、side the scoopD. The robotic arm hit a hard rock33. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A. Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.B. Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behavesC. Scientists have been trying to find out

39、 if there is life supporting material on MarsD. Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt34. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?A. They are from AmericaB. They are from CanadaC. They are from both America and Canada.D. They are from neither America nor Canada35.

40、Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenixs Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A. It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.B. It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking

41、 photosC. It takes clear photos that show every detail of the objectD. It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures参考答案：31-35 CCACA第5部分：补全短文。下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Dung to DeathFields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of th

42、e antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed (喷射) onto fields as fertilizers (肥料), could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at le

43、vels of the drugs in farm slurry. _(46)Some 20, 000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. _(47)Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating

44、contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf._(48)With millions of tons of animals manure (施肥于) spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each

45、year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate (污染) the crops, which are then eaten. _(49)Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. _ (50) His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high p

46、ercentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs,

47、including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage (用污水灌溉) treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to

48、 antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyarddrugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particular

49、ly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.参考答案：46-50 EDBFA第6部分：完形填空。下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Solar Power without Solar Ce

50、llsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an “optical 51 ,” said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical E

51、ngineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 52 of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling thro

52、ugh a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 53 expected. 54 these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.“This could lead to a new kind of solar cell with

53、out semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation,” Rand said. “In solar cells, the 55 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnet

54、ization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 56 ” What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification,” says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, lights electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 57 of the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 58 in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circu