2021刘晓燕考研英语语法长难句笔记简单句.docx

1、一、what is 简单句？二、简单句的分类（一）主谓结构（二）主谓宾（三）主谓表（四）主谓双宾（五）主谓宾宾补三、句子的成分（词性的问题）（一）谓语（二）主语（三）宾语（四）表语一、what is 简单句？英语必须具备主谓结构，并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语，宾语一定是谓语动作的承受者。试译：我的英语说得很好I speak English well.我要去剪头A barber will cut my hair.二、简单句的分类（一）主谓结构 he died; we laugh(ed)（二）主谓宾 谓语：实意动词（三）主谓表 谓语：系动词系动词:1.be2.感官动词：look sm

2、ell taste sound feel3.变化：become get4.保持：keep stay remain（四）主谓双宾（五）主谓宾宾补I bought him a dog（双宾）It makes him happy（宾补）判断双宾还是宾补：二者是否有关系，无关双宾有关宾补；加is是否通顺，通顺为宾补不通为双宾三、句子的成分（词性的问题）（一）谓语有时态的实意动词或系动词充当谓语1.谓语的成分谓语只能是动词，动词只能做谓语，所以我们需要把一句话中所有不做谓语的动词变成不是动词（1）+ing主动（2）+ed被动（3）+to目的2.动词能不能多？绝对不能，一句话中只能有一个动词的存在，并且充

3、当谓语，多余的动词全部变成非谓语动词，所以英语中有了独立主格和分词作状语Beat you is my fault.Beating you is my fault.I enjoy watch TV.I enjoy watching TV.My dream is watch TV.My dream is watching TV.My dream is become a teacher.My dream is becoming a teacher.试译：他拍了拍我的肩膀，一句话都没说就离开了He beat my shoulder, saying nothing, departed.我爱你，你爱我I

4、loving you, you love me. (独立主格)（能分清主次，留主要的为谓语；分不清留后面的为谓语）把几句话写成一句话的方法：l 独立主格（分词作状语）：把多个句子用逗号连接写成一个句子，留一个为谓语，其他变为非谓语动词l 并列句：在几句话中加连词l 复合句：把最重要的句子留下，其他变为从句冬天来了，春天就不远了Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner.我是一个老师，我喜欢唱歌I be a teacher, I enjoy singing.(独立主格）主语一致省略一个主语Be a teacher, I enjoy s

5、inging.(分词作状语)3.动词能不能少？绝对不能，当一句话中需要动词而没有动词时，永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思Your mother must very beautiful.Your mother must be very beautiful.I against you.I am against(介词) you.谓语总结：一句话中有且只有一个有时态的实意动词或者系动词的存在，并且充当谓语。（二）主语1.主语的成分名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句（引导词+句子）Handsome and strong is his nature.Handsomeness and strength ar

6、e his nature.代词不能代形容词Being handsome and strong is his nature.2.主语能不能少？绝对不能，当一句话没有主语时怎么办？（1）加it作主语，必须和天气、温度、时间有关系试译：北京很冷It feels strikingly cold in Beijing.（2）There remain/exist/seem，必须含有”有“的意思试译：有很多原因可以解释我的观点There remain an ocean of elements being responsible for my perspective.（3）被动试译：建议政府采取措施Autho

7、rities should be proposed to adopt action.越来越多的人认为污染很严重Pollution is claimed exceedingly grave by an increasing amount of individuals.(4)人称代词，当被动不能用时使用试译：上学You go to school.如果谁有毅力，谁就会成功If there seems persistence, glories cannot fail to be attained.（三）宾语名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句（四）表语名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语I stand on the stage(主谓)I exchange with my watchI exchange sth with my watchexchange及物动词练习：都说我如水百变，可是我清澈不变I am maintained changeable like water. On the contrary, my clarity keeps consistent.四、简单句的考点分析1. 写作（1）把所有不