英语专题复习课件：名词

1、2014年中考英语专项复习,Grammar Revision 名 词,(Nouns),Lets find！,一、名词概念及分类,名词 专有名词（如：Tom、China、 the United States),可数名词,普通名词,物质名词(如： water水) 抽象名词(如:happiness),个体名词(如：teacher教师) 集体名词(如：police警察),不可数名词,定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。,一、专有名词 1.表示人名 如：Lucy Xiao Li Li Lei Mr He 2.表示地名:如: China USA Beijing Sichuan 3.表示星

2、期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day Teachers Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节) 5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写, 如:CCTV UN WTO,二、可数名词的复数形式,cap-

3、caps desk-desks,规则变化,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-buses box-boxes,C.(1)以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词需把y 变为i再加-es storystories (2)以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加-s daydays,D.以e结尾的名词加-S,Page-pages Rose-roses Prize-prizes,Practice I,task- watch- dish- star- boy- stomach- class-,tasks watches dishes sta

4、rs boys stomaches classes,baby house- country party toy- exercise- mouth-,babies houses countries parties toys exercises mouths,E.以-f 或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将 f 或fe 变成 v 再加-es,妻子 拿刀 去宰狼 wife knife wolf wives knives wolves 小偷吓得发了慌 躲在架 后保 己 命 半片树叶遮目光,thief-thieves,shelf-shelves,lifelives,self-selves,half-halves

5、,leaf-leaves,F.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结尾的 外来词，变为复数时只加-S radioradios,（ 2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数时多数加-es potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 黑人 英雄 爱吃土豆 西红柿 Negro hero potato tomato,Prctice ,zoo thief piano leaf zero roof tomato hero,zoos thieves pianos leaves zeros roofs tomatoes heroes,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复

6、同形,man policeman woman foot tooth mouse child ox ,sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese ,men,policemen,women,feet,teeth,mice,children,oxen,3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,1）a Japanese five Japanese ( e.g Chinese ),2) a Frenchman two Frenchmen ( e.g Englishman Englishwoman fisherman policeman Frenchwoman ),3) a Ge

7、rman five Germans ( e.g Russian American Indian Italian Korean ),4. 常以复数形式出现的名词,trousers glasses clothes woods thanks news goods politics socks physics,口诀：中日不变英法变，其余后面s站,5. 复合名词的复数形式,a. 将主体名词变为复数,e.g a boy student a flower shop an apple tree,b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man, woman时， 将2个构成部分均变为复数,e.g a woman teach

8、er a man nurse ,boy students,flower shops,apple trees,women teachers,men nurses,三、不可数名词,一、不可数名词 数量的表达法： 通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量,a bottle of water-two bottles of water a piece of bread-three pieces of bread,表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some, a lot of , much, a little , little, lots of,Prctice: (1 )一杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）一片面

9、包 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）一匙糖,二、既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词 可数名词,paper 纸 a paper glass 玻璃 a glass iron 铁 an iron room 空间 a room chicken 鸡肉 a chicken beauty 美 a beauty,一张报纸 一个玻璃杯 一个熨斗 一个房间 一只小鸡 一个美人,四、名词的所有格,Tom的书怎么表达? 房间的窗户?,Toms book. the window of the room,有生命的名词,单数名词后加s,复数名词,以s结尾的名词只加,不以s结尾的仍加s,无生命的名词,用of,时间、国家、

10、距离等除外,注：名词后加“s”不一定都是所有格，要特别注意理解和判断！如： Kates a good girl Lets go!,注意： 1. 各自所有都加s; 多者共有s加后,e.g 1）珍妮和海伦的房间 2）珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helens room,Jennys and Helens rooms,2. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词,e.g: at my uncles = at my uncles home at the butchers=at the butchers shop,3.双重所有格有两种形式： 1） of+名词所有格.如： a

11、sweater of Toms 2）of+名词性物主代词.如： a friend of mine,五、名词作定语,1.一般情况下，名词作定语修饰主体名词时，常用单数形式。如：an apple tree, country music,2.某些名词修饰主体名词时用复数。如：sports meeting，parents meeting,3.“数词+名词或数词+名词+形容词”，也称复合形容词，名词用单数形式。如： a ten-mile walk; a five- year- old boy,my teachers office,1 我老师的办公室 3 今天的报纸 4 十五分钟的路程 5 到汤姆家去 8

12、 教室的门,Practice,to Toms,15 minutes walk,todays newspaper,the doors of the classroom,六、主谓一致,当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class_ waiting for her. Toms family _ very big. Toms family _ film fans.,is,are,are,news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,new

13、s, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news _her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,makes,is,3.像goods, chopsticks, shoes, glasses,clothes trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.g :The shoes _ hers.,但是: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.,is,are,are,police,people(人们),youth

14、(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,He is a youth of 20. Many English-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over

15、 there in the field.,are,Practice: 选择正确选项填空： Are there any _ on the hill? Yes, there are some. A. house B. sheep C. animal D. horse 2. You can put your schoolbags on _ desk. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucy C. Lily and Lucys D. Lilys and Lucys,3. _ is always on December 25 every year. A. April Foo

16、ls time B. Tree Planting Day C. Christmas Day D. New Years Day 4. We havent any _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some cake and orange juice. A. vegetables B. fruit C. drink D. food 5. What always goes up but never comes down? -_. A. Age B. Water C. Air D. Temperature,用所给词正确形式填空： Look! Those three _(Englishman) are talking with three _(German). We can see a lot of _(sheep) at the foot of the hill, but we cant see any _(people) there. Now we can get much _(information) through the Internet.,Englishmen,Germa