英汉翻译理论与实践

1、英汉翻译理论与实践,Theory and Practice of English-Chinese Translation,王海萍,General questions: What is translation? What is the goal of translation?,Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language-the source text-and the production of a new, equivalent text in

2、another language-called the target text, or the translation. The goal of translation is to establish a relationship of equivalence between the source and the target texts.,常用翻译工具书、软件、网站介绍,教材： 1. 张培基英汉翻译教程 上海外语教育出版社 2. 冯庆华实用翻译教程 上海外语教育出版社 3. 孙致礼新编英汉翻译教程上海外语教育出版社 4. 华先发新编大学英译汉教程 同上 5. 毛荣贵新世纪大学英汉翻译教程 上

3、海交通大学出版社,常用翻译工具书、软件、网站介绍,词典： 1.汉英词典（修订版），外语教学与研究出版社 2.新时代汉英大词典吴景荣 程镇球，商务印书馆 3.现代汉英词典，外语教学与研究出版社 4.英汉大词典陆谷孙，上海译文出版社 5.英汉大词典补编陆谷孙，上海译文出版社 6.新英汉词典（世纪版），上海译文出版社 7.英汉美英报刊词典周学艺 外语教学与研究出版社 8.英语姓名译名手册 商务印书馆 9.外国地名译名手册 商务印书馆,10.当代英语习语大辞典 秦秀白，天津科学技术出版社 外语教学与研究出版社 11. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

4、, Longman Group Limited 12. Longman Contemporary English-Chinese Dictionary, 现代出版社 13. The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation, Oxford University Press (Hong Kong) 14.牛津高级双解词典 商务印书馆 15.简明不列颠百科全书Concise Encyclopdia Britannica，中国大百科全书出版社 16.美国俚语大全中国对外翻译出版公司 17.当代英汉

5、搭配词典现代出版社（台湾）建宏出版社,学术刊物： 1、中国翻译Chinese Translators Journal 双月刊 2、外语教学与研究Foreign Language Teaching and Research 双月刊 3、外国语Journal of Foreign Languages 双月刊 4、现代外语Modern Foreign Languages季刊 5、外语学刊Foreign Languages Research季刊 6、外语与外语教学Foreign Languages and Their Teaching 月刊。 7、外语教学 Foreign Language Educa

6、tion双月刊 8、中国科技翻译Chinese Science Eugene Nida Adaptation (free translation); domestication 适合读者口味；所译英语在汉语中无对应词语或表达法 Examples: To his dog, every man is Napoleon. (Solomon) He wanted to learn, to know, to teach. Do you see any green in my eye? Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.,3. 以作者和读者为取向的原则（th

7、e author-and-reader-oriented principle） Combination of literal translation and free translation 代表人物：Tytler, 玄奘 严复 鲁迅 翻译三原则 （ Tytler ） A.) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work B.) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of

8、the original C.) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition,Examples: She didnt like him much, but if she went out with him, itd be one in the eye for Kath. Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door. Because of this explosive progress, todays machines ar

9、e millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors. (4) Euphemisms are unpleasant truths wearing diplomatic cologne.,4. 以美学为取向的原则（the aesthetics-oriented principle） 主要为文学翻译家所提倡 代表人物：Ezra Pound 傅雷、钱钟书、许渊冲 Examples: 1) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长

10、才。 2) Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 3)寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清清, 凄凄惨惨戚戚。 I look for what I miss， I know not what it is： I feel so sad, and so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲),appreciation,To be, or not to be, that is the question: (Whether

11、tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?) 死后还是存在，还是不存在这是问题；（梁实秋） 生存还是不生存：就是这个问题：（曹 禺） 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题：（朱生豪） 活下去还是不活：这是问题。（卞之琳） 是存在还是消亡，问题的所在； (孙大雨） 干，还是不干，这就是问题。（陈 嘉） 存在，还是毁灭，就这问题了。 (林同济）,翻译以

12、下句子： （不同方法，不同风格） “Give me liberty, or give me death!” (Patrik Henry),翻译过程: 理解、表达和校核,理解：英译汉尤为重要而且艰难，广义与狭义之分 狭义：通常指理解句法，语义和风格，一是指词语的理解，一是指句子的理解。 1）正确理解词义：一词多义，先天歧义，词义引申,文化典故等, There are now 35 in England, eight in Scotland, two in Northern Ireland and one in Wales. Clark in “Handle with Care”: A bitte

13、rsweet case of double identities., I have been to Edinburgh just for two days, and my brothers have followed in the train of my trip. I would rather have his room than his company. She is now in a delicate condition. 6 Maurice Sendak, US artist, is best known for his illustrations of childrens books

14、. 7 He was prominent is the ragged schools movement.,8 You look like Al Capone in that suit. 9 Some were whittled to a sharp point, and slightly bent at the upper end, like a ladys finger. 2) 正确理解句子，包括句法、结构、甚至感情色彩，语体风格等 1 I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 2 His speech was reported

15、 at length in the newspapers. At length, his speech was reported in the newspapers. 3 I regret to say that youll be held responsible. I regret saying that youd be held responsible. 4 John escaped prison. John escaped from prison. 5 His English is anything but correct. His English is nothing but corr

16、ect. His English is all but correct.,6 Tom leaped to his feet, moving with surprising agility. 7 It is so easy now to see the irony of smoking: Children do it to be like adults, who smoke but wish they didnt. 8 The present crisis in that country is no ordinary economic crisis which will pass away in

17、 time leaving everything much as it was before. 9 My dear parent has joined the heavenly choir. My dear father has passed away. My father has died. My old man has just kicked the bucket. 10 To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.,

18、2. 表达 提高自己的汉语表达能力 多练笔 多阅读 The 20th century witnessed tremendous changes in the mode of human life. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning of work divided into that of duty among the middle class, and that of forced labor among those without property. There is no pot so ugly it cant f

19、ind a lid. Better late than the late. (5) They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their side. (6) It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea.,3. 校核 包括哪些内容？ 1）人名、地名、日期、方位、数字 2）译文的段、句、词（错漏、不妥、生僻罕见或陈腔滥调

20、） 注意： 通常要校核两遍。第一遍：内容 第二遍：文字润饰 对译者的要求： 明确的政治立场 注意政治色彩的字眼 提高双语水平 不断吸收和丰富各种基础知识 做一个“杂家” 掌握常用的翻译理论和技巧,理解练习： They saw him through. They saw through him. I hope he will soon get over it. I hope he will soon get it over. Quietly properly he was punished. He was punished quite properly. He is rather a fooli

21、sh fellow. He is a rather foolish fellow. We were touched by Marys confidence. We were touched by Marys confidences.,I am no philosopher. I am not a philosopher. He may be drowned for all I care. All my advice falls flat on him. You are not playing the game. I know he meant business. She is very pre

22、gnant. That picture flatters her. Better not be at all than not be noble.,表达练习,1. I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. 2. The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. 3. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will comewith the people who respect you for who you are. 4. You