课外演讲培训教程.ppt

1、课外“演讲”培训教程,中华沐浴联谊会,刘春伟,保密申明 本文件属中华沐浴联谊会保密文件，阅览本手册必须由中华沐浴联谊会授权方可阅 览使用。任何人未经授权不可抄袭、翻印、泄露本手册的全部或部分内容，如有泄 密，中华沐浴联谊会将根据保密制度追究法律责任。 中华沐浴联谊会,中华沐浴联谊会,Part 4 Making Presentations,演 讲,中华沐浴联谊会,Purposes for making presentations,To demonstrate: a service, product, system. To create: an image, strategy. To entert

2、ain: colleagues, outside people. To sell: a concept, product, idea. To represent: a group, company, department. To promote: an attitude, a way of working. To suggest: a solution, a new concept,中华沐浴联谊会,演讲是一个双向沟通过程图4.1 演讲过程,中华沐浴联谊会,图4.2 演讲后的问题,中华沐浴联谊会,图4.3 演讲反馈,中华沐浴联谊会,内容结构,演讲的要素 演讲的结构 演讲的技巧,演 讲,中华沐浴联

3、谊会,第一节 演讲的要素,演讲的三要素：信息、演讲者、听众 一、信息 信息可以由演讲者与听众共同分享。演讲中的信息，主要是言语信息。 二、演讲者 演讲者是信息的发源地。演讲者主要以言语传递信息，还用动作、手势、姿态、表情等传递非言语符号的辅助信息,中华沐浴联谊会,三、听众,听众是什么人 目标是什么 (一) 听众心理的四个特点 1听众对信息的接受具有选择性 ； 2听众心理是独立意识与从众心理的矛盾统一； 3“名片”效应与“自己人”效应； 4首因效应和近因效应,中华沐浴联谊会,二) 听众的构成,Your superiors 上级听众 Your colleagues 同事听众 Your team 班

4、组听众 A mixed audience 混合听众 A hostile audience 不友好的听众 An international audience 国际听众,中华沐浴联谊会,在演讲的整个准备过程中，演讲者思想上要一直想着听众； 演讲者要列出其对听众了解的清单 演讲者可以假设 演讲者要抓住并使听众保持对演讲的兴趣和想象力 演讲者要对听众注意力进行再刺激 听众容易记住结构形式清楚并得到重复强调的内容 演讲者通过听众的耳闻目睹进入听众的记忆,中华沐浴联谊会,三）目标 演讲者应当能用一个短句写下其演说的目标比如： “获得对第34号项目的资金批准认定。” “说服这位顾客购买我们一台电脑。” “告

5、诉我的集体今年公司成果怎样。我们为什么要做得更好。” 然后演讲者要判定他(她)是否要尽力向听众： 施加影响 告知情况 传授知识,中华沐浴联谊会,Preparation checklist,Objectives: recheck that you have defined your objective correctly. Structure: does your presentation have a clearly identifiable structure? Content: is all said that needs saying? Sequence: is it logical?

6、Are all links and summaries appropriate? Time: is sufficient time available for all you want to say? Balance: is each section weighted correctly? Check the priorities of your arguments and facts. Conclusion: does it make people sit up and agree with you? Is it punchy? Objectives: do all the above wo

7、rk towards achieving your objectives,中华沐浴联谊会,第二节 演讲的结构,一、Structuring a presentation 演讲的结构 An effective presentation structure includes: 1. Use an effective opening 开场白 2. Give a preview 主要论点的预览 3. State your main points clearly 主要论点的严格界定 4. Use an effective closing 结束语,中华沐浴联谊会,1. Use an effective op

8、ening 利用有效开场白 Goals 目的 Techniques 技巧 Use humor 运用幽默 Refer to the unusual 谈谈非同寻常之处 Refer to the familiar 谈谈大家都熟悉的事 Use audience motivation techniques 运用鼓动听众技巧,中华沐浴联谊会,表4.1 开头实例例1：提问 “我想问一下在座的诸位，哪位知道过去24小时里在中国有多少孩子出生?” “我想知道，如果我告诉您，您的计算机在买进时已经过时，您有何感想?”例2：事实陈述 “今天，我们市又有30个孩子的父亲因工去世这类死亡本可得到预防!”例3：提及 “今

9、天，这里的每一位都记得，当我们听到唐山大地震时的震惊和悲痛。,中华沐浴联谊会,例4：主题 “我今晚要给您讲述令人激动振奋的xR5多用程序，然后告诉您这种电脑将如何改变您的经商方式。”例5：引用 “一位伟人说：每个人的经历远远超过他的想像范围。不过，正是经验而不是想象，才影响人的行为。”例6: 感染情绪 “好心的人们，您只要掏五毛线，就可以使这个孩子活下去，直到下年的收获季节，那时他就可以养活自己。,中华沐浴联谊会,2. Give a preview 预览主要的论点 3. State your main points clearly 明确阐述主要论点 Follow your preview 严格

10、遵循演讲预览 Limit your main points 限制主要论点的个数 Use explicit transitions 使用清晰的承接词 Provide internal summaries 做阶段性小结 4. Use an effective closing 使用有效的结束语 Give a summary 做个总结 Refer to the opening 前后呼应 End with the action steps 以行动方案结尾 Refer to audience benefits 谈谈对听众的好处,中华沐浴联谊会,表4.2 结尾实例例1：提问 “所以，女士们，先生们，我要提请

11、诸位思考一一如果有人告诉您，您正在受到这种疾病的困绕，您有何感想?”例2：提示 “今天，在我们的节目里，我要使您认识到，我们需要有更强更专业化的经销活动。而实际上，通过向您展示一个等待我们未开发的巨大市场，我想我已实现了目标。,中华沐浴联谊会,例3：行动 “我的建议已告诉诸位。时间已刻不容缓。如果我们想避免灾难，那就必须立即行动。要想保证公司未来的繁荣，希望各位不要再迟疑，行动起来!” 例4：选择 “在我看来，我们有三种选择：或者接受工会最后通牒；或者争取时间考虑我们的立场；或者采取最后行动。”例5：灌输忧患 “所以，女士们，先生们，如果我们不能在下季度将销售额提高10，并保持这一增长水平一两

12、年，那么我们公司将面临倒闭的危险。,中华沐浴联谊会,二、Questions and answers 问答过程 1. When to take questions 何时接受提问 Questions after the presentation 演讲后提问 Questions during the presentation 演讲过程中提问 2. How to take questions 如何接受提问 Prepare in advance 作好事前准备 Show your understanding 表示出对听众的理解 Stick to your objective and your organi

13、zation 按照自已的目标和计划行事 Keep everyone involved 让每个人都参与,中华沐浴联谊会,3. What to say if you dont know the answer 不知道答案时应该说些什么 If you dont know 如果对答案一无所知 If you need some time to think 如果需要时间思考 4. How to answer difficult questions 如何回答难以回答的问题 Confusing questions 含义不明确的问题 Controlling questions 具有控制权的问题 Hostile q

14、uestions 不友善的问题,中华沐浴联谊会,三、Special speaking situations 一些特殊的讲话场合1. Manuscript speaking 照讲稿讲话 Use “spoken style” 使讲稿“口语化” Write and edit 撰写与编辑 Prepare the manuscript 讲话稿的准备 2. Impromptu speaking 即席讲话 Anticipate 事先预料 Keep your remarks short 发言要简短 Organize as well as you can 尽量有条理 Relate to experience 与

15、你的经验拉上关系,中华沐浴联谊会,3. Team presentations 团队演讲 Organize as a whole 从整体出发进行组织 Provide content transitions between speakers 不同演讲人之间要有承上启下的转折 Use visual aids consistently 使用统一一致的视听辅助工具 Rehearse and deliver as a group 作为集体进行试讲和实际演讲 Answer questions consistently 协调统一地回答问题 4. Media and telecommunications 通过传

16、播媒体和远程设备演讲 Preparing in advance 作好事前准备 Using audio devices 使用音响设备 Being on camera 面对摄像机,中华沐浴联谊会,EXERCISE,Prepare a short presentation to last five minutes. Your audience are your classmates, and the subject matter is about something that you have a deep interest in or about which you hold a strong c

17、onviction,中华沐浴联谊会,第三节 演讲语言的运用技巧一、语言表达的三个基本要求,准确精炼 上口入耳 形象生动 （如“望梅止渴”） 比喻 （林肯的著名演讲裂开的屋子） 引用 设问 反问 排比,中华沐浴联谊会,The use of your voice,Is your voice boring? Do you speak in a monotone, or vary your pitch? Is the speed of your delivery constant? Varied? Do you drop your voice at the end of a sentence? Is

18、your breathing right? Do you run out of breath in the middle of a sentence? (Ita probably too long then!) How do you make a point or emphasize a key issue? Do you raise your voice? Do you speak more slowly? More quickly? Do you repeat it? Do you use long words? Short words? Long sentences? Why? When

19、? Are your words within the vocabulary of your audience? Do they understand you? After your next presentation, ask a friend in the audience for constructive feedback on the above points,中华沐浴联谊会,二、有声语言的运用技巧,声音 重音 “我请你吃饺子” “我的猫坐在席子上” “我没说他偷了我的书” 吐字,中华沐浴联谊会,二、有声语言的运用技巧,语气语调 爱的感情：“气徐声柔”，漫和感 憎的感情：“气促声硬”，

20、挤压感 悲的感情：“气沉声缓”，迟滞感 喜的感情：“气满声高”，跳跃感 惧的感情：“气提声凝”，紧缩感 急的感情：“气短声促”，紧迫感 怒的感情：“气粗声重”，震动感 疑的感情：“气细声粘”，踌躇感,中华沐浴联谊会,二、有声语言的运用技巧,停顿 语法停顿 逻辑停顿 “养猪大如山老鼠头头死” 我们的目的一定要达到 我们的目的一定能够达到 心理停顿 节奏（轻快型，持重型，高扬型，复合型,中华沐浴联谊会,Your body language,Do you talk to the audience, or to the screen behind you? Do you actively seek e

21、ye contact with specific members of the audience? Do you sweep over them or fix them beadily in the eye? Do you know who the decision makers are, and speak primarily to them? Do you tend to concentrate on looking to the right or left, to the front or back of the audience? Are your gestures congruent

22、 with your message? Too exaggerated? Are you too stiff? Do you have any distracting mannerisms? Are your movements simple? Or do you pace like a caged tiger? Are you natural? Are you yourself? Do you create barriers between you and your audience,中华沐浴联谊会,三、身体语言的运用技巧： 表情眼神 看着听众说话 与听众的目光进行实在性接触 多种眼神并用 身体姿态、手势,中华沐浴联谊会,演说技能自我评估,评价标准：非常不同意非常不符合(1