泌尿系统英文单词

1、hilus肾门ureter pelvis肾盂major/minor calyces肾大小盏labyrinths皮质迷路pyramids肾椎体renal papillae乳头area cribrosa筛孔区Renal corpuscles肾小体Afferent arteriole入球微AEfferent arteriole出球微AGlomerulus肾血管球Bowmans capsule鲍曼氏囊; 肾小球囊podocytes足细胞heparan肝素Ln层粘连蛋白entactin巢蛋白mesangium血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞pedicels足突nephrin裂孔膜蛋白Filt

2、ration membrane滤过膜distal tubule远端小管principle(主、亮) Cintercalated (闰、暗) CCollecting tubule 集合小管interstitial cell间质细胞Transitional epithelium变移上皮Facet cell盖细胞Lamina propria固有层Muscular layer肌层Adventicia外膜serosa浆膜fibrosa纤维膜intermediate mesoderm间介中胚层Nephrogenic cord 生肾索Urogenital ridges 尿生殖嵴pronephros 前肾me

3、sonephros中肾gonad性腺mesonephric ridge中肾嵴gonodal ridge生殖腺嵴urogenital ridge尿生殖嵴cloacal cavity泄殖腔Ureteric bud输尿管芽Metanephrogenic blastema生后肾原基ventral hilum 腹侧肾门inside hilum内侧肾门Congenital anomalies 泌尿畸形Ectopic kidneys 异位肾Unilateral renal agenesis单侧肾缺如Bilateral renal agenesis双侧肾缺如 Horseshoe kidney马蹄肾 infer

4、ior mesenteric A肠系膜下动脉、Duplicated ureters双输尿管与双肾Double kidneys 双肾Cystic kidney肾囊肿、多囊肾Fused kidney肾融合Malrotation旋转异常Urachal anomalies脐尿管异常 urachal cyst 脐尿管囊肿urachal sinus 脐尿管窦urachal fistula 脐尿瘘Ecotopic ureteric opening 输尿管开口异常ventibule尿失禁Hypospadia尿道下裂Bowmans capsule肾球囊size-dependent barrier functio

5、n分子大小依赖的屏障 charge-dependent barrier function电荷依赖的屏障 Glomerulonephritis (GN）肾小球肾炎PAS碘酸Schiff PASM过碘酸六胺银 Acute nephritic syndrome急性肾炎综合征Rapidly progressive GN syndrome急进性肾炎综合征nephrotic syndrome肾病综合征hypoalbuminemia低蛋白血症hyperlipidemia and lipiduria高脂血症和脂尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria无症状性血尿或蛋白尿ch

6、ronic nephritic syndrome慢性肾炎综合征diffuse弥漫性focal局灶性global球性segmental节段性Acute Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性GN postinfectious glomerulonephritis感染后GN poststreptococcal GN链球菌感染后性肾炎nonstreptococcal GN非链球菌感染性肾炎Rapidly progressive

7、 glomerulonephritis急进性GN（RPGN）cresentic新月体性Goodpasture syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征ANCA，antinutrophil cytoplasmic antibody抗嗜中性粒细胞胞质抗体 Membranous glomerulopathy膜性肾小球病membranous nephropathy膜性肾病Minimal change glomerulopathy轻微病变性肾小球病lipoid nephrosis脂性肾病 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSG）局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Membranopro

8、liferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 膜增生性GNmesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) 系膜增生性GNIgA nephropathy IgA肾病Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌Wilms tumor（nephroblastoma）肾母细胞瘤urothelial tumor尿路上皮肿瘤jux

9、taglomerular apparatus球旁器extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞macula densa致密斑fenestration窗孔filtration slit membrane滤过裂隙膜myogenic mechanism肌源性机制tubuloglomerular feedback管球反馈glomerular filtration rate, GFR肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压filtration equilibrium滤过平衡renal blo

10、od flow肾血流量renal plasma flow肾血浆流量filtration coefficient ,Kf滤过系数 reabsorption重吸收secretion分泌transcellular pathway 跨细胞转运途径paracellular transport细胞旁转运途径diffusion扩散osmosis渗透facilitated易化扩散solvent drag溶剂拖曳active transport主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管principal cell主细胞i

11、ntercalated cell闰细胞titratable可滴定酸Spironolactone螺内酯（安体舒通）eplerenone依普利酮amiloride阿米洛利triamterene氨苯蝶啶glutamine谷氨酰胺countercurrent multiplication逆流倍增countercurrent exchange逆流交换osmotic渗透性利尿glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡constant fraction reabsorption定比重吸收antidiuretic ,ADH抗利尿激素osmotic pressure晶体渗透压osmorecept

12、or渗透压感受器water diuresis水利尿renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统aldosterone -induced protein醛固酮诱导蛋白Bradykinin缓激肽clearance清除率inulin菊粉Endogenous clearances内生肌酐pelvic nerve盆神经hypogastric nerve腹下神经pudendal nerve阴部神经micturition reflex排尿反射overflow incontinence溢流性尿失禁urine retention尿潴留urine incon

13、tinence尿失禁acid base balance酸碱平衡standard bicarbonate，SB标准碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate，AB实际碳酸氢盐buffer base，BB缓冲碱base excess，BE碱剩余anion gap，AG阴离子间隙undetermined anion，UA未测定的阴离子undetermined cation，UC未测定阳离子acid base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱Lactic acidosis乳酸酸中毒Keto- acidosis酮症酸中毒Uremic acidosis尿毒症性酸中毒Renal tubular acid

14、osis，RTA肾小管性酸中毒Distal renal tubular acidosis远端肾小管性酸中毒Proximal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis肾小管性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒mixed acid-base disorders混合型酸碱平衡异常Glomerulus disease肾小球病变Tubular necrosis肾小管坏死 Damage of renal interstitium肾间质损害 Disease of r

15、enal blood vessels肾血管病变 Glomerulus insufficiency肾小球功能障碍Permeability barrier孔径屏障Electrostatic barrier电荷屏障Renal tubular insufficiency肾小管功能障碍Hyposthenuria低渗尿Isosthenuria等渗尿acute renal failure, ARF急性肾功能衰竭Prerenal ARF肾前性ARFFunctional ARF功能性ARF Intrarerenal ARF肾性ARF Parenchymal ARF器质性ARF acute tubular nec

16、rosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死Postrerenal ARF肾后性ARF Kidney blood flow down肾血流量降低Renal hypoperfusion肾灌注压下降 Vasoconstriction肾血管收缩 Change of blood rheology血液流变学的改变Oliguric acute failure少尿型急性肾功能衰竭Oliguric phase少尿期Azotemia氮质血症Water intoxication水中毒Hyperkalemia高血钾Metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒Diuretic phase多尿期Recovery phase恢复

17、期Nonoliguric acute renal failure非少尿型chronic renal failure, CRF慢性肾功能衰竭renal hypertension肾性高血压renal anemia肾性贫血uremia尿毒症Hydrostatic pressure静水压Osmotic pressure渗透压Disorders of sodium metabolism钠代谢紊乱Hypernatremia高钠血症hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水Symptom of circulatory failure循环衰竭体症（休克）Dehydrate symptom脱水症状hy

18、pertonic dehydration高渗性脱水Urine sodium尿钠 Dehydrant fever脱水热isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水edema水肿Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure毛细血管有效流体静压升高Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure血浆胶体渗透压降低Increased capillary permeability微血管壁通透性升高lymphatic obstruction淋巴回流受阻Imbalance of exchange between intra- and

19、 extra-body fluid体内外液体交换失平衡的机制Decreased glomerular filtration rate GFR急剧降低Increased tubular reabsorption肾小管重吸收增多Rank edema显性水肿Pitting edema凹陷性水肿Disorder of Potassium Metabolism钾代谢紊乱hypokalemia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症Hyperkalemi periodic paralysis高钾血症型周期性麻痹Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学Excretion

20、排泄organic anion transporters，OATs有机阴离子转运体organic cation transporters，OCTs有机阳离子转运体competitive inhibition竞争性抑制diuretics利尿药loop diurectis袢利尿药high efficacy diurectics高效能利尿药furosemide呋噻米（速尿）etacrynic acid依他尼酸（利尿酸）thiazide and thiazide-like diuretcs噻嗪类及类噻嗪类利尿药moderate efficacy diuretics中效能利尿药thiazides噻嗪类c

21、hlorothiazide氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氢氯噻嗪hydroflumethiazide氢氟噻嗪bendroflumethiazide苄氟噻嗪cyclopenthiazide环戊噻嗪potassium-retaining diuretics保钾利尿药low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药spironolacton螺内酯triamterene氨苯蝶啶amiloride阿米洛利carbonic anhydrase inhibitors碳酸酐酶抑制药diamox乙酰唑胺osmotic diuretics渗透性利尿药Aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类g

22、entamicin庆大霉素amikacin阿米卡星Amphotericin B 两性霉素BVancomycin万古霉素cisplatin顺铂Bisphosphonates双膦酸盐zoledronic acid唑来膦酸Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎Rifampin利福平pamidronate帕米膦酸盐lithium锂Thrombotic microangiopathy血栓性微血管病Acyclovir阿昔洛韦high-dose methotrexate氨甲喋呤Indinavir 印地那韦Sulfonamides 磺胺类药物

23、Ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Aristolochic acids马兜铃酸Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN)马兜铃酸肾病Balkan-endemic nephropathy (BEN),巴尔干地方性肾病Anti-angiogenesis drugs抗血管生成药物 mitomycin-C丝裂霉素C gemcitabine吉西他滨Proteinuria 蛋白尿 Hematuria 血尿 Edema 水肿Heparan sulfate硫酸乙酰肝素sialic acid 唾液酸MAU微量白蛋白尿 、Glomerular proteinuria肾小球性蛋白尿Tub

24、ular proteinuria肾小管性蛋白尿Overflow proteinuria溢出性蛋白尿Benign proteinuria生理性蛋白尿Diabetes mellitus,糖尿病肾病 Lupus nephritis,狼疮性肾炎 Amyloidosis,淀粉样变性light chains本周氏蛋白Rhabdomyolysis横纹肌溶解myoglobulin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白Menses月经hemorrhoid 痔疮出血 Rifampin利福平 beets甜菜blackberries黑莓renal colic 肾绞痛three-glass test 尿三杯试验Ureth

25、ra尿道Abdominal plain X-ray (routine)腹部平片IVP (intravenous pyelogram)静脉肾盂造影Cystoscopy膀胱镜Retrograde pyelogram逆行肾盂造影plasma oncotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压intravascular hydrostatic pressure 毛细血管内静水压interstitial tissue tension 组织压myxedema粘液性水肿tibia 胫骨 fibula 腓骨ankle 踝pleural effusion 胸腔积液,ascite 腹水cardiovascular edema 心源性水肿 nephrologic edema 肾性水肿 hepatic edema 肝源性水肿 malnutritional edema 营养不良性水肿Filariasis丝虫病Mastectomy乳腺癌手术Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 局灶性