地球科学概论考研大纲（Outline of Earth Science）.doc

1、地球科学概论考研大纲（Outline of Earth Science）The room 112Grasp and understanding of historical comparison method (realism principle) thought and earth science research significance. ZhangwuTo understand the object of study, earth science research contents, characteristics and research methods of research obj

2、ect. JackiecommonThe first chapter of the universe on earthThe key to master the geoid and the ecliptic, the concept of road. 33623039Characteristics and structure of seabed geomorphic units understand all kinds of topography, the. KaoyangjThe understanding of a part of the universe is the earth, th

3、e Milky Way system, solar system, the Earth Moon system structure; the law of the earth around the sun; Keplers three law; the earth and the basic parameters of the earths surface topography. KaoyantjstudyThe second chapter of the earths outer sphere Tongji University Siping RoadTo understand the ea

4、rths outer layer (including the meaning of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere); classification of material composition and group atmosphere of the atmospheric motion dynamics, atmospheric circulation and its causes; the type of water (according to the existing form, the environment). Network sup

5、ervisionUnderstanding of the atmosphere, the stratosphere and troposphere - layered structure of middle layer warm layer, mesosphere; grasping the form and definition of basic types of movement of water; groundwater; formation of glaciers and glacier types. HelpThe key to grasp the concept of Coriol

6、is force, rivers, flood, flow, tide, tidal force, permeable layer, water resisting layer, vadose zone water, diving, water table, water pressure. No. 4833623037The third chapter designed the interior of the earth circleUnderstanding the material characteristics and composition of each state within t

7、he spheres of the earth; earth pressure, density, internal gravity, temperature, magnetic field; visual identification according to the minerals; according to the chemical composition of the mineral partition type; gravity anomaly and gravity equilibrium; three rock types (sedimentary rocks, igneous

8、 rocks and metamorphic rocks) concept; composition magnetic field (magnetic field, magnetic field, magnetic anomalies change). studyThe structure and the division of earths interior sphere on the basis of understanding; the types of crust (oceanic crust and continental crust) and its layered structu

9、re. 021-Master the Moho, Gutenberg, asthenosphere, lithosphere, geothermal gradient (temperature gradient), magnetic field intensity, magnetic declination, inclination, mineral, rock, cleavage, hardness, rock structure, rock structure concept. Room 112JackieThe fourth chapter in the geological and g

10、eological processesTo understand the types of geological processes, can be divided into the surface geology (exogenic process) and internal geological processes (internal force geological); surface geological processes can be divided into weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, Cheng Yan; i

11、nternal geological processes can be divided into magmatism, metamorphism, tectonic movement; Determination of isotope geology principle age.Method for determining the relative understanding of geological time (cutting law between law and law of sequence stratigraphy of fossil and geological body); g

12、eological unit division and its basis.The concept of master stratum, geological age, fossils and biological characteristics of geological division; on behalf of the year.The fifth chapter of weathering and denudation.To study the affecting factors of weathering; weathering products.Understand the ty

13、pe of weathering (including physical, chemical and biological weathering) and different types of weathering; weathering crust structure; ground water (rivers, flood, sheetflood) process and characteristics of erosion, the erosion of the river is the key, including erosion and lateral erosion, river

14、the base level of erosion, erosion under the influence of erosion on the landform - deepened and lengthened, V shaped Valley Valley, the river, the river side erosion influence on topography of the bent, Kotani Kahiro, oxbow lake and river capture; karst and karst landform; inhibition of glaciers (p

15、laning way mining effect, abrasion) the glaciated landform features (cirque, horn, glacial Valley (U Valley), edge ridge (ridge fin); wind erosion mode (blowing effect and abrasion) And the wind erosion landform. Sea and sea landscape bedrock coast.Master of weathering, weathering, soil, erosion, ri

16、ver erosion, flood erosion, groundwater flow washing, latent corrosion and glacier erosion, wind erosion, planing sea concept.The sixth chapter transportation and sedimentationHandling characteristics to understand the different force; change of detrital material handling process; deposition of semi

17、 deep and deep sea.Understand the handling mode of action (mechanical handling, chemical handling, biological sedimentation handling); mode (mechanical deposition, chemical deposition, biological deposition); type of fluvial, alluvial characteristics; sediment characteristics of flood and sheet flow

18、; groundwater chemical characteristics of sediments (cave deposits and tufa deposition); glacier the sediment (moraine) characteristics and sedimentary geomorphology; sedimentary type wind (aeolian sand deposits and aeolian deposits) and its characteristics, sedimentary landform wind (sand dunes, lo

19、ess landform). The sedimentation characteristics of the lakes, the chemical deposition process in arid climate zone Lakes (carbonate stage, sulfate and chloride stage stage and the sand lake stage); type of sedimentation and sediment characteristics of coastal and shallow water.Master of clastic sed

20、iment sorting and psephicity and floodplain deposits of two yuan structure, loess, concept, compaction, cementation, recrystallization of the rock.The seventh chapter of magmatism and metamorphismUnderstand the volcano phenomenon; influence factors of metamorphism (temperature, pressure, chemical fl

21、uid); transformation of sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and magmatite between nature; common magmatite (volcano clastic rock, Xuan Wuyan, andesite, rhyolite, peridotite, gabbro, diabase, granite and diorite porphyrite etc.); regional metamorphic rocks (common slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, gr

22、anulite migmatite, etc.); the common contact metamorphic rocks (skarn hornfels, marble, etc.); dynamic metamorphic rocks (common cataclasite and mylonite etc.).According to the understanding of silica content magmatite division (ultrabasic rocks, basic rocks, neutral rock and acid rocks); volcano er

23、uption type (fissure type and central type eruption, the center - violent type, quiet type, taper); the product is ejected function (volcano extrusive: gas, liquid (molten lava type, and columnar joints), solid (volcano - volcano, volcano clastic elastic block, volcano, volcano ash gravel); volcano

24、topography (structure, type, lava flows and lava cone of the volcano is the product); intrusive (plutonic intrusions (batholith, rock strain), shallow intrusions (sill, lopolith, dykes, Yan Gai); metamorphism (way of recrystallization, metamorphic crystallization and metasomatism); basic types of me

25、tamorphism (contact metamorphism, dynamic metamorphism and regional metamorphism Use, migmatization).Master the concept, magmatic intrusion, magmatism, metamorphism, volcano.The eighth chapter of tectonic movementTo understand the meaning and type of tectonic movement (vertical movement and horizont

26、al movement, orogeny and epeirogeny, tectonic movement, tectonic movement and tectonic movement); performance of tectonic movements in the terrain and surface features of the tectonic movement in the landscape; performance; performance of tectonic movement in the formation of the earthquake; genetic

27、 type; seismic geological action.Understanding the relationship between various contact formation (integration, parallel unconformity, angular unconformity) formation and tectonic characteristics, the tectonic movement of the times; the three elements of rock occurrence (strike and dip angle); the b

28、asic elements of fold (nuclear, wing, turning point, axial plane); basic types of folds (syncline and anticline) and its main characteristics (the stratigraphic distribution of symmetrical repeats and the new and old strata); Zhang joints and shear joints of the main features of the fault elements;

29、(fault and fault disk) and fault displacement; fault types (normal fault, reverse fault, strike slip fault) and its main characteristics;Fault identification and formation time (note the fault and fold formation caused by repeated difference, attention by looking at the geological map to determine t

30、he formation time of the fault).Master the concept of quasi plain and river terrace and planation surface, geological structure, joints, faults, magnitude and intensity; fold, fault and unconformity in the geological map performance; geological map of the simple method of reading.The ninth chapter o

31、f the Earth dynamical systemThe understanding and evidence of continental drift theory and seafloor spreading; the relationship between the division of the main plate; plate motion and other geological processes.The main content of ideological understanding of plate tectonics; plate boundary types (separation plate boundaries, convergent plate boundaries (boundary subduction, collision boundary), flat type (shear) plate boundary).Master Benioff, marine magne