中考英语专项复习-名词

1、中考英语专项复习,名词,名词,noun,名词 即 人或物的名字,名词可分为: 专有名词 可数名词 countable noun c 不可数名词 uncountable noun u,专有名词,指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称它的第一个字母必须大写 ：表示人名 如：Lu Xun ; Doctor Li ：表示地名 如：China; Chang An Street; London ：由普通名词构成的专有名词 如：the United States of America the Communist Party the Summer Palace the Spring Festival,不可数名词

2、u,I.物质名词:无法分为个体的实物的 名词,beef牛肉 blood血液 cheese奶酪 cotton 棉花 glass玻璃 coffee 咖啡 ink墨水 iron铁 juice果汁 ice冰 lemonade 柠檬汁 litter垃圾 medicine药 metal 金属 plastic塑料,不可数名词 u,I.物质名词:无法分为个体的实物的 名词,rice米 rubber橡胶 rubbish垃圾 sand沙子 silk 丝绸 silver银 smoke 烟 snow rain water sugar wind wine酒 tea茶 paper 纸 salt盐 wood 木头 wool

3、 羊毛 work 工作,不可数名词 u,II.抽象名词(看不见摸不着,advice建议 courage勇气 danger危险 safety 安全 experience经验 knowledge知识 peace和平 pride自尊,骄傲 time 时间 health健康,不可数名词 u,III. furniture家具 information 消息 news 新闻 money music practice练习 progress进步 room空间,地方 noise噪音 housework家务 homework 作业 hair头发,不可数名词的量,1.不可数名词前不可以加数词,但可以 加 lots o

4、f; plenty of; a great deal of; a bit of; much; more; some; a little; little,Theres much_ in the fridge. A. bread B. eggs C. vegetables D. apples,A,不可数名词的量,2.不可数名词前可以加容器名词 表示量; a piece of; a cup of; two bags of; five bottles of,There are two_ on the table. glass B. glass of waters C. glasses of water

5、 D. glasses of waters,C,不可数名词的量,单个的不可数名词用做主语,动词用 单三形式,T,The music _ soft. sound B. are C. sounds D. feel,C,The news _ exciting,is/sounds,可数名词 c,可数名词由单数变为复数的规则,I.直接在词尾加s,e.g. *books cups *beds *boys horses pages,II,可数名词 c,可数名词由单数变为复数的规则,II.以s, x, -ch, -sh结尾的词, 在 词尾加-es,address, boss, box, brush, clas

6、s coach, dish, dress, glass, kiss, research, speech, success, watch wish, fox,可数名词 c,可数名词由单数变为复数的规则,III.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词， 变y为i加es,activity, baby city, copy, cry, diary, dictionary, duty, factory, family, fly, hobby, lady, study university, victory胜利, company,可数名词 c,如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词， 则只须加s。e.g.： monkey-mon

7、keys, boy-boys, day-days, key-keys toy-toys,可数名词 c,IV.以o结尾的名词，只有potato, tomato, hero ,Negro(黑人), zero,加es构成复数,Negroes and heroes likes potatoes and tomatoes. 黑人和英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,可数名词 c,V. 以f、fe结尾的名词， 变f、fe为v再加es，e.g.： knifeknives, leaf-leaves, half-halves, shelf-shelves thief- thieves self-selves wolf-wol

8、ves, wife-wives, housewife-housewives,可数名词 c,单复数形式相同的词： sheep- sheep deer-deer fish-fish yuan jiao fen jin li Chinese- Chinese 中国人 Japanese-Japanese 日本人,Look, some sheep_ over there. There are many _ working here,are,Chinese,可数名词 c,1)tooth-teeth，footfeet , goose-geese (2)man-men，woman-women， policem

9、an-policemen, FrenchmanFrenchmen German-Germans (3)childchildren,mouse-mice,oxoxen (4) banana tree banana trees, man/ woman teacher men/women teachers,可数名词 c,4).常以复数形式出现的名词： people(人)，clothes(衣服) trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) public(公众） My clothes are newer than yours,可数名词 c,注：population是集合名词，看作一个整体，一般不加

10、，在句中做主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式；表人口“多”“少”时，用large (big)或small The worlds population is growing faster and faster. This country has a large/ small population. 注：hundred, thousand, million前用基数词或a few, several 等修饰时，用单数,可数名词 c,5).有些名词看似复数形式， 实际上后面用单数。 e.g.：news(消息)，maths(数学)， physics(物理) politics (政治） No news is go

11、od news. Physics is very hard for me,可数名词 c,可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any, in different 等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many _are there in your pencil-box? (knife) than any other +单数名词 He is taller than any other student in the class,knives,可数名词 c,7) the 姓氏s 表示“一家”; the +形容词表示一类人； 做主语看作是复数谓语动词

12、用原形,The Blanks _ (go) to Beijing for vacation every summer. *The poor _ not different from the rich,go,are,可数名词 c,8) 表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等的名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式,Two years _ quite a long time. Ten dollars _ enough,is,is,可数名词 c,9) a pair of 名词复数 The number of 名词复数 谓语动词用单数形式,A pair of shoes _ under the bed. The

13、 number of the students in our school _ 2000,is,is,可数名词 c,名词+with, except等介词 +名词做主语谓语动词应根据介词前面的名词来确定,The woman with two children _ coming here. Nobody except Xiao Wang _ finished the work,is,has,III.名词所有格,英语中用 “s”, “of”表示所有 关系,汉意为 “的,1.表示 “某人的” , 用 “s,He worries about his fathers health,这是格林先生的大衣,Th

14、is is Mr Greens coat,Her friends success is surprising,她朋友的成功另人惊奇,他为父亲的健康担心,2.如果某物为两个人共有, 在后面 的名词后加 “s”; 如果不是共有 的, 两个名词后分别加 “s,These are Marys and Kates books,This is Mary and Kates room,这是 Mary和Kate 的房间(共有,这些是Mary 和 Kate 的书(不共有,3.如果复数名词以 s 结尾, 则只加 “” ;如果复数本身不含s, 则加 “s,Tomorrow is Childrens Day,Thes

15、e are students books,这些是学生用书,明天是儿童节,人民医院在那里,Peoples hospital is over there,4.表示某人家, 店铺,诊所,工作处, 在名词后加 “s” :the doctors,Many people are at the doctors,They are at Mr Greens,他们在格林先生家,医生的诊室里有很多人,5.表示时间,距离可以在名词后加 “s” todays newspaper ten minutes walk two hours drive two days trip,How far is it? Its ten m

16、inutes drive,of的用法,表示 “某物的” 用 “of” The cover of the book is dirty. On both sides of the river there are trees,双重所有格,That man is a friend of my fathers,Some inventions of Edisons are useful,Here are two photos of mine,We have bought two_ for the coming party.(2005吉林） A: box of apples B: boxes of apples C: box of apple D: boxes of apple,B,It is over_ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.(2005河北） A: three hours drive B: three hours drive C: three hours drives D: three hours drive,A,_ lucky people they are! (2005湖南） A: What B: Wh