全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用

1、全站仪在公路导线和中线测量中的应用Total station in the highway center line conductors andMeasurementLi chun-she ng Zhao Bing Yang chu n long(Na nya ng City Pla nning Survey and Desig n In stitute of Highway Traffic Na nyang 473003) Abstract: The total stati on in the highway cen ter line con ductors and the applicat

2、i on of measureme nt tech niq ues, the Total Stati on use matters n eedi ng atte ntio n.Key words: Total Station Road measuring techniques1 Total station in the wire measurement1.1 Total Station Coordinate the advantages ofTotal Stati on can be used directly with the measuri ng point coord in ate me

3、thod, rather tha n polar coord in ates law required, so that heavy equipme nt operators from the calculation of the data out. Outside the industry are now virtually no records, only a simple mi nd and the n ext point with the point of the relati on ship betwee n the fin ishi ng industry for the refe

4、renee period, but also do not have staff with a record of the calculation. Finishing in a time when the industry as long as the data transmission from the total stati on to PC2E500 calculator, or directly to the data in put to a computer, after coord in ate adjustme nt, on the computer using Auto CA

5、Ddraw ing software such as points, cut-off point, and calculated the angle value of each curve, the distanee between the point of in tersecti on as well as the coord in ates of each pile and so.1.2 Note and the application of state-controlled three-dimensional coordinates of pointsCoord in ates meth

6、od used before, as far as possible the country to find con trol points and con trol points of these three-dime nsional coord in ates, and these con trol points through the joi nt test, not only can test their measureme nt accuracy, and error-y un Xu scope can be carried out through the adjustme nt o

7、f these coord in ates, so that a higher measureme nt accuracy.1.3 Point set should take into account the need to take the middle laneIn the set point, not only should be wire line con trol poin ts, that is, to point the cen ter line should also prepare for the release, depe nding on the route pass c

8、on diti ons, and higher terra in can be laid at a nu mber of aircraft equipme nt, the ben efits of doing so is to take the middle lane whe n there is a greater choice and do not have equipme nt for an additional two points to allow devices to stop several times.1. 4 Apparatus after the operation and

9、 staffing, as the role of staffTotal Stati on with the road gen erally travers ing a total of 5 6 people, depe nding on the location of the previous 3 to 4 people, equipment operator 1, the latter depending on a person. After the total station as the staff can record more points, the center line of

10、the latter line of measurement and design can play a very large role. Works through the following specific examples to illustrate the importance of after, as the staff. Henan Provincial Highway 23 in Nanyang City Line to Bangladesh floor habitats Dengzhou sec on dary roads travers ing alterati on wo

11、rks, because it is the old GM, the measureme nt principle is to meet the regulatory requirements under the premise of using the old as much as possible. Easy to con trol the gen eral li ne segme nt, and the Departme nt in order to bend as much as possible along the old road on the bend radius must b

12、e a very suitable choice. We measured the key is: the people, as after the after, after, as, to turn the corner along the old release 5 6 bend radius control point, so Total Station to record the coord in ates of poin ts, so within the in dustry to deal with wires, the Departme nt of these bend line

13、s such as the use of design software in Haiti through the debug radius curves make as much as possible through these poin ts. If both sides of a Ion ger and a lot of flat curves Housing Department, later, as in the old curve measured 12 points to control the curve, including the industry deal with t

14、he position found in the complex curve is the best opti on to avoid the set caused by the demoliti on of a multi-radius curves and lin ear non-ideal errors.1.5 Wires should be noted that the issue of measurementTotal Station with the wire used to fight some of the areas in need of special atte ntio

15、n, otherwise large errors may arise eve n lead to rework.1) When the latter, as we must pay attention to people after the legislation, as the latter point of view and coordinate with the importation of equipment and take the pointsCon siste nt sta ndard, it is best to use walkie-talkie com muni cati

16、o ns with each other like dots with a prism depe nding on the exhausted, the used equipme nt after the release point of view to see whether the same locati on, so that error probability can be reduced to a minimum. Henan Provincial Highway 48 in line Xixia throughout the wire measureme nt,as first-t

17、ime coord in ates, apparatus, aircraft operators will view the site and post the coordi nates of the an ti-lost, result ing inShow map on your computer whe n the road at this locati on found that the 180 fold kok retur ned to make the work day has becomwork with no avail2) Where possible, after the

18、point of view from the plane farther from the site as possible, under normal circumstances, after the two sites and between the point of viewPut up a station should not be less than the distanee to the distanee between the measuri ng point, so to en sure accuracy.3) In the measurement of coordinates

19、 do not bring down the mirror, because the whole pointMiriam core esse nee of the coordi nates of law or by the decli nati on, the dista nee obta ined internal calculati on by the total stati on data process ing modules are conv erted into coordi nates, so bring dow n the mirror coord in ate system

20、is equivale nt to rotati ng the whole 180 , at is to say less biased angle of 180, the result of course is wrong.4) Total height measurement has its limitations, the measurement error of the main elevation of the observation error for the vertical angle, ranging error, apparatus, highWith high measu

21、rement error of the prism, which is three kinds of errors in vertical an gle observati on the impact of the error the most, only to take appropriate measures to improve the accuracy of observati on, such as the use of spy lice nse allowed the goal to replace the prism as the appropriate measure to i

22、n crease the nu mber of short-dista nee transmission of elevation, carefully check the amount of high equipment and higher prism. Under normal circumstances, traversing the measuring point in the elevation values for refere nee only, and can not be used as the sta ndard of measureme nt.2 Total Stati

23、on in the center line Measurement2.1put up a station in the location of choiceAs far as possible to select those higher, depending on the conditions of a good pass, you can see more points in the online position. We have just started using Total Station, when not paid much attention to this point, t

24、he results tend to move off station More, not on ly affect the progress, but also accuracy. Especially in mountainous areas, such as on top of a mountain we can see a few kilometers around the location in the pile, and along both sides of the road often requires several stations put uo a station can

25、 only be deposited end of this set up the center line. Another example is the middle of the mountains edge streamlet actinomycete line, as the horizontal alignment is often not ideal, many hills to block line of sight, always need to stop several times to move, if we choose to route the other side o

26、f the river the mountain, The ground floor or the roof of the reside nts do, such as the locati on for put up a stati on can be highly effective.2.2 points fewer processingTotal Stati on, as the barrier encoun tered by the lay ing of the cen ter line, in the case of small points should be taken from

27、 the machines can see the most recent release Points (generally not in the line of points) for the reference approach. Routes in the mountains and the obstacles were more buildi ngs, and sometimes moving equipme nt will take a 12 point move is ofte n no Ion ger the other statio ns, But with the mobi

28、le refere nce point and refere nce point for measuri ng a comb in ati on of methods, each has made to save time, effort, and the results meet the accuracy requireme nts.2.3 Total Measurement Application of functional skillsAlthough the level of total station measurementscumbersome procedures, and ac

29、curacy is not high, but sometimes the function of height can be measured effectively. As in Mountain edge streamlet line measurementof change, some routes in several midline point on the mountain, if measured by leveling to the elevation of these points, based on past experienee, Level turn to the h

30、illtop after two previous instruments Easily lead to error is too large, result ing in closure betwee n the sta ndard poin ts. Our approach is: in the mountains at the foot of the election of a fixed reference point for comparison, With total station read out the points of Z-axis height, and then re

31、lease with Total Station in the midline point of these hills, when they point the way to measure the Z-axis height can be calculated in relation to these points, the reference point the foot of the hill .The elevati on, so that measured by leveli ng the height of the refere nce point, coupled with t

32、he height difference between them, they will have the hills on the center line of the elevati on poin ts. This the ben efit is: does not affect the measureme nt accuracy has bee n the high point of the mountain at the same time, the way to avoid leveling easily lead to the sta ndard of the hill betw

33、ee n the occurre nce of non-closure.2.4 Total Station with other measurement methods used in conjunctionMeasuri ng Total Stati on can be cen terli ne to improve the measureme nt speed, but because of its own measureme nt of the use of the mecha nism of making it have some limitations, such as the ba

34、rrier, when, as often required when moving points, in particular Measurement in the plains, as station equipment to move a lot of time to delay, the impact of the measurements. In fact, the process of laying the center line does not necessarily have to rely too much on total station, in conjunction

35、with the previous tape under a flower, wear bar Law. We micro-hill in the plains areas,especially in areas with more line segments, the method of measuring the center line is: only used to take control of Total Station Point, that is, line segments, one for every 300 m center line, the curve point a

36、bove the center line of the release by the Total Station, straight from the points A, B 2 personal expertise lay in front of the middle group, after the laying of A con ti nue to the front300 m dow n a cen ter line point B to stay un der to take a flower beh ind the cen ter line group when the Front

37、 View, from the center line group using binoculars, measuring tape, flower clubs, walkie-talkies and other tools to wear bar, which line group to the The full Miriam released the centerline station point for review by 2:00 after passing in front of 300 m A Departme nt Total points also to the well, B to A, as the Departme nt before the legislature, A continues to move forward, it can be the mi