初升高新高一衔接课程第13讲_语法：非谓语动词_(二

1、第13讲非谓语动词（二）7知道一点英语常识：过去分词（v-en）,如果前面加上动词 have，成为have+done,这种结构应视为动 词的完成体。除了这种情况之外，过去分词与现在分词（v-ing），这两种分词都可以当作形容词看待。形容词有两个主要的位置：名词性短语中以及补语位置（主语补足语 以及宾语补足语）。观察一下不难发现：这两个位置都可以放进去分词，由此可见分词 确实可以当作形容词使用。非谓语动词-分词一、现在分词的用法【考点】一、动词-ing形式作定语现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，分词与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关 系，表示主动、进行。单个分词作定语要前置，分词短语作定语要

2、后置。Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people（live） in Shan ghai and Hong Kong.答案：living。句意：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为住在上海和香港的人安排方便的度假。此处people和live之间为主动关系，故填living作后置定语。【考点】二、分词作状语【考点】现在分词和过去分词均可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、让步、条件、伴 随

3、、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。The hospital has recen tly obta ined new medical equipme nt,（allow） more patie nts tobe treated.答案：allowing。句意：这家医院近来获得了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人可以得到 治疗。根据句意可知逻辑主语应是逗号前的整句话，两者之间是主动关系。因此应该填allowing。二、过去分词的用法【考点】一、过去分词作补语1过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，表示被动和完成，该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。2. 感官动词 see,

4、 watch， observe, hear， notice等的宾补形式(以 see为例)：see+宾语+doi ng看见正在做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系do看见做了宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系being done看见正在被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系done看见被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系The man ager was satisfied to see many new products(develop) after great effort.答案：developed。句意：经过一番努力之后，看到许多新产品被开发出来，经理感到 很满意。此处为 see sth. done结构。动词de

5、velop与products之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。3. 使役动词have， make， let和get后接复合宾语的用法(1)make的用法make+宾语+do让做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高了声音让自己被听至U。(2) let的用法let最常用的结构为“let宾语+do”，表示 让做”。(3) have的用法have+宾语+do使做某事宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系doi ng使持续做某事宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done使被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系【注

6、意】 have sth. to do表示 有要做”，此结构中，不定式作定语。I have a problem to solve.我有一个问题要解决。(4) get的用法get+宾语+to do使做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done使被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系He got his friends to help him.他让他的朋友们帮助他。【考点】二、过去分词作表语t mind.1. get, become, look, seem,即pear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状 态。We got a little(sunburn) , but the day had bee

7、n so relaxing that we didn答案：su nburned/su nburnt。got在此题中为连系动词，且sun burn与we之间为动宾关系。2. 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”。【注意】remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“仍需去做(或说、处理) ”时，后常接to be done.【考点】三、过去分词作状语现在分词和过去分词均可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、让步、条件、伴随、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。Offered an importa nt role in a new mov

8、ie, Andy has got a cha nee to become famous. 由于在 这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。【考点】四、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上是被动关系，表示被动或完成。Tsin ghua Uni versity, foun ded in 1911, is home to a great nu mber of outsta nding figures. 清华 大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。【注意】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动

9、三、易错点【易错点1】谓语动词和非谓语动词的混淆【点拨】由于一些动词的过去式形式和过去分词形式相同，经常会混淆两者。一定要注意句子为是否已经出现谓语动词，已经所考动词到底和哪种动词形式并列。The research was con ducted shows that En glish can be improved through some methods. 答案：was去掉。此句中谓语动词为shows, con duct的过去分词形式表被动。【易错点2】某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用加being。如：l

10、ocated (坐落，位于)，lost (迷路的)，seated (坐下来的)，hidden (隐藏的)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)， dressed in (穿着)，tired of (感到厌倦的)等，无论它们在句中作何种成分都不用其-ing形式。(absorb) in his book, he did n no tied nte en ter the room.答案：Absorbed。句意：他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。练一练【课堂练习】一、单句填空1. (Order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive

11、any time now.2. Much time(spe nd) sitti ng at a desk, office workers are gen erally troubled by healthproblems.3. Clearly and thoughtfully(write), the book in spires con fide nee in stude nts who wish toseek their own an swers.4. If(ask) to look after luggage for some one else, inform the police at

12、on ce.5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras(return) to our shop for qualityproblems.二、单句改错1. Comparing to the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.2. He tried to make himself un dersta nd in En glish.3. The Magic Tree House series is among the most popular book series ever writi

13、ng for children.4. One year ago, I had a special En glish less on hold at the railway stati on.5. Group Two was told to pick up litter leaving by the tourists and cleaned all the benches.【课后作业】一、单句填空1. Always give stra ngers the feeli ng that you are at home. Have the snow(clea n) off yourstairs or

14、out of your driveway duri ng the win ter seas on.2. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time(spe nd) with his stude nts.3. In some Ian guages, 100 words make up half of all words(use) in daily con versati ons.4. You cannot accept an opinion(offer) to you uni ess it is based on facts.5.

15、 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother(take) good care of at home.6. When we saw the road(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.7. (compare) with the traditional trade mode, it doesn t need to rent a house.8. They came up with

16、a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them(carry out) in their work.9. (ask) why he studied the Ianguage, Mr. Zuckerberg said his wife Priscilla Chan s faimembers speak Chin ese.10. One day, a wise man(name) Avanti said to a rich man,“ Your sons are so stupid andknow nothing about the worl d. ”二、单句

17、改错1. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairi ng.2. Dress ing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song.3. Twe nty-five perce nt of the stude nts in terview claim that it is the family genes that are to blame.4. The training provides you with a skill n eedi ng

18、 in many fields of work.5. I m calling to enquire about the position advertising in yesterday China Daily . s6. With the government aid, those were affected by the earthquake have moved to the newsettleme nts.7. We found the stude nts seated at tables and had their eyes fixing on the scene of the la

19、unch ofShen zhou spaceship.8. With her eyes filling with tears, Jean came to Mr. Li s office to explain what had happened.9. The announcement was presented as a letter writing by a couple to their new baby boy, Max.10. Last week, there was a program calling“ Learning to Respect Our Parents” in our s

20、chool.【答案】【课堂练习】单句填空1. Ordered。句意：这些书一周多前就已经订购了，现在随时可能会到。the books与order之间为被动关系。2. spe nt。句意：由于长时间坐在办公桌前，因此上班族普遍受健康问题的困扰。此句为独立主格结构，time和动词spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。3. written。句意：表达清楚，思想有深度，这本书激起了那些想寻求他们自己答案的学生的 信心。主语the book与write之间为逻辑上的被动关系。4. asked。句意：如果你被要求照看别人的行李，立刻报警。ask与逻辑主语you之间为被动关系。5. return

21、ed o句意：生产厂商定期来收集团质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。动词return与cameras之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。单句改错1. Comparing 改为 Compared。2. un dersta nd 改为 un derstood。on eself 与 un dersta nd 之间为被动关系。3. writing 改为 written。 book series 与 write 之间为被动关系。4. hold改为held。此处lesson和hold之间为被动关系。hold为原形，要用过去分词held。5. leaving改为left o litter与leave之间为被动关系，所以

22、应是left。【课后作业】单句填空1. cleaned。snow和clean off之间为被动关系。2. spent。句意：Jim已经退休，但是他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spe nd之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。3. usedo句意：在有些语言中，100个词就占了日常对话用词的50%。 use和words是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。4. offered。句意：你不能接受别人提供给你的意见，除非它有事实依据。offer与逻辑主语opinion之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。5. taken。句意：在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，Lee医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。此题考察的是非谓语动词作宾补，his mother与take之间为被动关系。6. blocked。句意：当我们看到马路被大学堵住时，我们决定在家度过假期。考查非谓语动词作宾补。逻辑主语road与block之间为被动关系。7. Comparedo句意：与传统的贸易模式相比，它不需要租房子。be c