简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文 翻译

1、简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译导读：ofthesystem.asmanytimesasneeded.Therefore,timecanbesaved,riskofmistakesreducedandplexitycanbeincreasedusingthesameelements.AconventionalPLC,thatispossibletofin外文翻译 院 （系）专业班级 姓 名 学 号 指导教师 年 月 日 Programmable designed for electro-pneumatic systemscontrollerJohn F.s

2、and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy atic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems icrocontrollers to imple

3、ment the resources of the controller.1. IntroductionThe automation systems that use electro-pneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Noost of the control elements used to execute the logic of the syst

4、em mable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and s executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other ponents like counter, timer and control the status of the system. as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and plexity can be incre

5、ased using the same elements.A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many panies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical ponents. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of applica

6、tion in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings.Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much 第 2 页 resources that are not even used to control the system, electro-pneumatic system is one of this kind of application. The use of PLC, especially

7、 for small size systems, can be very expensive for the automation project.An alternative in this case is to create a specific controller that can offer the exactly size and resources that the project needs 3, 4. This can be made using microcontrollers as the base of this controller.The controller, b

8、ased on microcontroller, can be very specific and adapted to only one kind of machine or it can med as a usual PLC and uch experience the designer has icrocontroller. But the main advantage of design the controller icrocontroller is that the designer has the total knoakes it possible to control the

9、size of the controller, change the plexity and the application of it. It means that the project gets more independence from other panies, but at the same time the responsibility of the control of the system stays at 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(2)导读：emoryofthemicrocontroller,sotheycanbereadandexecuted.Th

10、econtrollertaskisnottoepleofaversatilecontrollerthatisdesignforanspecificarea.AconventionalPLCprocessthecontrolofthesystemusinthe designer hands2. Electro-pneumatic systemOn automation system one can find three basic ponents mentioned before, plus a logic circuit that controls the system. An adequat

11、e technique is needed to project the logic circuit and integrate all the necessary ponents to execute the sequence of movements properly.For a simple direct sequence of movement an intuitive method can be used 1, 5, but for indirect or more plex sequences the intuition can generate a very plicated c

12、ircuit and signal mistakes. It is necessary to use another method that can save time of the project, make a clean circuit, can eliminate occasional signal overlapping and redundant circuits. The presented method is called step-by-step or algorithmic 1, 5, it is valid for pneumatic and electro-pneuma

13、tic systems and it ethod consists of designing the systems based on standard circuits made 第 3 页 for each change on the state of the actuators, these changes are called steps. The first part is to design those kinds of standard circuits for each step, the next task is to link the standard circuits a

14、nd the last part is to connect the control elements that receive signals from sensors, sovements, and give the air or electricity to the supply lines of each step. In Figs. 1 and 2 the standard circuits are draatic and electro-pneumatic system 8. It is possible to see the relations ethod applied ins

15、ide the controllerThe result of the method presented before is a sequence of movements of the actuator that is eans that each change on the position of the actuators is a ne and the transition bets and to define the condition to each change bet is defined by a sequence that never chances and states

16、that have the inputs and the outputs icrocontroller and is executed the same med inside the controller ore for the other configurations and auxiliary functions of the step. After programming, this sequence of strings is saved inside of a non-volatile memory of the microcontroller, so they can be rea

17、d and executed.The controller task is not to e ple of a versatile controller that is design for an specific area. A conventional PLC process the control of the system using a cycle akes an image of the inputs, execute all the conditions defined by the configuration programmed inside, and then update

18、 the s 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(3)导读：ion.4.CharacteristicsofthecontrollerThecontrollerisbasedontheMICROCHIPmicrocontrollerPIC16F877unicationimplementedincircuit,EEPROMmemorytosavealltheconfigurattate of the outputs. This controller p to the next step and start the process again.It can generate some l

19、imitations, as the fact that this controller cannot execute, 第 5 页 inside the program, movements that must be repeated for some time, but this problem can be solved e external logic ponents. Another limitation is that the controller cannot be applied on systems that have no sequence. These limitatio

20、ns are a characteristic of the system that must be analyzed for each application.4. Characteristics of the controllerThe controller is based on the MICROCHIP microcontroller PIC16F877 6,7 unication implemented in circuit, EEPROM memory to save all the configuration of the system and the sequence of

21、steps. For the execution of the main program, it offers plete resources as timers and interruptions.The list of resources of the controller icrocontroller to make it as plete as possible. During the step, the program chooses hoask and the other one used as a value expected. One byte is used to confi

22、gure the outputs value. One bytes more is used for the internal timer , the analog input or time-out. The EEPROM memory inside is 256 bytes length that is enough to save the string of the steps, e buttons that are used enu to program the sequence of steps and other configurations. 4.1. Interaction p

23、onentsFor the real application the controller must have some elements to interact onitoring of the system resources that are available to the designer atic system (Fig.3):?Interactive mode of ain program for didactic purposes, the user gives the signal to execute the step.?LCD display, , values of i

24、nputs, outputs, timer and statistics of the sequence execution.?Beep to give important alerts, stop, start and emergency.? Leds to shoake the final application ore then that it must offer solutions in case of bad functioning or problems in the execution of the sequence. The controller offers the pos

25、sibility to configure tergency or reset buttons and can return the system to a certain state at any time 2. Ther 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(4)导读：object. memory that has all the information about the steps.In each step, the status of the system is saved on the memory and it is shoergency circuit or time

26、-out to keep the system safety. In Fig.4,a block diagram of micro controller main program is presented. 5. Example of electro-pneumatic systemThe system is not a representation of a specific machine, but it is made e mon movements and ponents found in a real one. The system is posed of four actuator

27、s. The actuators A, B and C are double acting and D-single acting. Actuator A advances and stays in specified position till the end of the cycle, it could ple (Fig. 5) , it is the first step. any cycles as possible during the advancing of B. It depends on hoples of actuators e time. mediay its cycle

28、 and es back to the initial position. The actuator D is a single acting one aking very fast forovement, just one time. Its backovement is the fourth step. D could be a tool to make a hole on the object.ents of each step should be defined 2. (A+) means that the actuator A moves to the advanced positi

29、on and (A?) to the initial position. The movements that happen at the same time are joined together in the same step. The system has five steps. These t (Figs. 5 and 6) together are enough to describe correctly all the sequence. is possible to design the e, it is not a plet 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(5

30、)导读：eactuatorstoaspecificposition.Thiskindofcircuitcanbeusedasaresetoremergencybuttons.ThenextFigs.7and8shoethodofthecontrolcircuitoftheexample,includingsensors,buttonsandthece system, because it is missing some auxiliary elements that are not included in this draain sequence.These auxiliary element

31、s give more function to the circuit and are very important to the final application; the most important of them is the parallel circuit linked e and change the state of the actuators to a specific position. This kind of circuit can be used as a reset or emergency buttons.The next Figs. 7 and 8 shoet

32、hod of the control circuit of the example, including sensors, buttons and the coils of the electrical valves. The auxiliary elements are included, like the automatic/manual sit a continuous ake the operator of a machine use their tple to a user programIn the previous chapter, the electro-pneumatic c

33、ircuits that ust offer all the functional elements to be used in a real application. But, as explained above, using a PLC or this specific controller, the control bees easier and the plexity can be increase also.Table 2 shoe of the elements that are necessary to control the presented 第 13 页 example.

34、e diagram, the step sequence and the elements of the system described in Table 2 and Figs. 5 and 6 it is possible to create the configuration of the steps that can be sent to the controller (Tables 3 and 4).mable controller, described in this ust knoethod and program only the configuration of each s

35、tep. It means that, ust draakes it hard to differentiate the steps of the sequence. Normally, one needs to execute a simulation on the interface to find mistakes on the logic The neming alloethod. The sequence is defined by itself and the steps are described only by the inputs and outputs for each s

36、tep.The structure of the configuration folloask for the inputs;3-byte: value expected on the inputs; 4-byte: value for the outputs;5-byte: value for the extra function. Table 5 sho is saved inside the controller, this is the program that describes the control of the example shown before.The sequence

37、 can be defined by 25 bytes. These bytes can be divided in five strings with 5 bytes each that define each step of the sequence (Figs. 9 and 10).7. Conclusion The contro 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(6)导读：lltheconfigurationofthestepusingfourorfivebytes.Itdependsonlyonhisexperiencetousealltheresourcesofthe

38、controller.ThecontrollertaskisnottoeercialPLCbutthepurposeofitistobeanexampleofaversatilecontrollerthatisdesignedforaspecller developed for this mable controller based on microcontroller. External memories or external timers icrocontroller offers inside. Outside the microcontroller, there are only p

39、onents to implement the outputs, inputs, analog input, display for the interface and the serial munication.Using only the internal memory, it is possible to control a pneumatic system that has a sequence pler system.The programming of the controller does not use PLC languages, but a configuration th

40、at is simple and intuitive. atic system, the programming folloe technique that , but here the designer .ple machine language the designer can define all the configuration of the step using four or five bytes. It depends only on his experience to use all the resources of the controller.The controller

41、 task is not to e ercial PLC but the purpose of it is to be an example of a versatile controller that is designed for a specific area. Because of that, it is not possible to say made icrocontroller is an alternative that ple way. 应用于电气系统的可编程序控制器约翰 F.维克里此项目主要是研究电气系统以及简单有效的控制气流发动机的程序和气流系统的状态。它的实践基础包括基

42、于气流的专有控制器、自动化设计、气流系统的控制程序和基于微控制器的电子设计。1.简介使用电气技术的自动化系统主要由三个组成部分：发动机或马达，感应器或按钮，状如花瓣的控制零部件。现在，大部分的系统逻辑操作的控制器都被程序逻辑控制器（PLC）所取代。PLC的感应器和开关是输入端，而发动机的直接控制阀是输出端，其中有一个内部程序操控所有运行必需的逻辑，模拟其他的装置如计算器、定时器等，对整个系统的运行状态进行控制。因为可以根据需要无数次创建和模拟这样的系统，所以藉由PLC的使用，此项目有灵活的优点。因此，可以节省时间，减少失误的危险，同时在使用相同材料的情况下，它可以更加精密。市场上的许多家公司都

43、使用了常规的PLC，它不仅可以用气流系统来控制，还可以用各种电气设备。PLC 的用途广泛，可以应用于许多工业生产中，甚至用于建筑物的安全和自动化系统中。由于以上的各种特性，在一些实际应用中PLC提供了很多的资源，甚至包括不控制系统的资源，电气系统就是一种这样的应用。对于自动化的工程，PLC的使用是比较昂贵的，尤其是对那些小型的系统。针对这种情况可行的一种办法是创建一个可提供特定尺寸和功能的控制器。这种控制器可以根据微控制器来制作。这种基于微控制器的控制器的适用范围比较小，只能用于一个类型的机器或者可以用做一个像普通PLC一样可以被编程的控制器，那样它就可以通过可变化的逻辑程序来进行各种作业。所

44、有的这些特性根据具体需要的不同而不同，具体的设计者的经验的不同而不同。但是这种设计的主要优点在于设计人员非常了解自己的控制器，可以自由掌握控制器的大小尺寸，改变它的功能。这就意味着此项目有更多的独特性，但同时系统的控制也由它的设计者所控制。 2.电气系统人们可以从一个自动化系统中找到三个上文中提到的基本部件，外加一个控制系统的逻辑线路。只有成熟先进的技术能做出特定的逻辑线路和执行正确操作所需要的部件升级。对于一个简单的运动，系统自动程序可以完成，但是对于间接或更加复杂的运动，系统的程序就会产生复杂的线路和错误的信号。这是就需要另一种方法可以节省时间，产生清晰线路，能够防止偶然的信号交叠和线路堵

45、塞。这种方计的不同标准的线路基法叫循序渐进式或规则系统，它对气流和电气系统非常有效，而且也是此项目的一个基础。它包括根据发动机状态各个不同变化所设础上的系统。 图1 气压系统标准回路 图2 电控气压系统标准回路 第一步是为每个步骤设计那些种标准的线路。第二步是联编标准的线路，最后一步是连接接收来自感应器，开关和先前的运动信号，同时把空气或电传送给每个步骤的补给线。如图中所示， 1 和 2 标准线路是为气流的和电气系统服务。我们能够很清楚的看到每一步骤和下一个步骤之间的联系。3.控制器内部的应用原理上述方法可以使发动机的每一个运动都被很好地用步骤来定义。这也就是说发动机的每一次运动变化都是系统的

46、一个新的状态，而两个不同状态之间的转 变叫做步骤。先前提到的标准线路可以帮助设计人员定义系统的不同状态和不同步骤的变化所带来的不同环境。在设计的最后阶段，系统中会有一个从来不变化的序列和明确的输入和输出端。我们把一个序列从输入端输入，经过转换后，由输出端输出。这些步骤的所有过程都是在微控制器内部进行的，并且以同样的方式在运行着。部件的序列在控制器里被 5个位元组规划; 每个部分都有程序的一个步骤结构。输入端有二个位元组，输出端有一个，其他结构部分和附加功能步骤有两个。 在编程之后，部件序列被内部微控制器的记忆所储藏，因此，他们是可读的而且可以运行。不同于传统的PLC，这种控制器的工作目的是成为

47、特定领域设计的多用控制器。传统的 PLC 的系统运行程序是一个循环的线路：输入一个图像,运行所有的内部程序, 然后升级输出的状态。 这一个控制器以不同的方式工作,它读取步骤的结 5 6 7 简论电气毕业论文英语文献原文+翻译(7)导读：构被分割。序列独自被定义，但每一步骤只被输入和输出端描述。图9A,B传动装置和传感器图10C,D传动装置和传感器表5表现的是使用系统如何被储藏在控制器里,这在前文中也详细说明过。序列被25个位元组所定义。这些位元组被分成5组，每一组描述系统运行的一个步骤。（图9和10）7结论这种控制构,等待输入,然后升级或输出，然后直接跳跃到下一个步骤，开始另一次的程序运行。它

48、也有局限性，例如这种控制器有时会不执行指令，在同一程序指令下，会出现某一个运行的反复等等，但是这一个问题可以通过外部的逻辑运行解决。另外，这中控制器在没有序列的系统上不能够被应用。这些局限性也是这个系统的特性，这种系统的每一个应用都必须要有相应的系统分析。4.控制器的特色这种控制器以微集成电路微控制器 PIC16F877为基础,它拥有全部此次项目所需要的资源。它有足够的插孔，线路连续通讯 EEPROM 记忆解救系统的所有结构和步骤的序列。它提供了项目所需要的所有的运行，例如定时器和分岔等。我们做出了控制器的资源目录，想尽可能的使它变的完善。在步骤的运行过程中，程序自动选择如何读取每一步骤的结构

49、。这个操作有两个位元组位于电子输入处。一个位元组位于输出端，还有一个被用作内部定时器，类似输入或暂停功能。EEPROM 记忆内部是 256 位元组，可以储藏所有步骤的运行,即可 以储藏 48个步骤之间的所有运行。除了一个互动菜单外，这种控制器还有一个控制台和一些指令按钮，他们一起控制各个步骤的运行和连续性，也控制其他的一些装置。4.1交互作用在实际运行操作中，控制器需要有一些辅助设备帮助它和使用者进行互动，可以提供可靠的操作监控，同时对气流系统进行逻辑控制。1、交互工作模式： 在主要的程序中，使用者可以根据指导发出信号来进行具体步骤的操作2、LCD 平台可以显示系统工作的状态，衡量输入，输出，

50、计时器和运行的数据等。3、嘀嘀声用来提示重要警示，停止，开始和一些紧急情况的发生4、亮灯表示接通电源，和输入，输出状态。4.2 安全性如果想正常运行程序，必须保证每一个步骤都正确的执行。更重要的是，应该有预防运行故障和问题的解决方法。控制器提供了这种可能性，通过使用两个内部虚拟线路同时运行。他们可以重新启动程序，随时恢复到程序的原有状态。有两个输入端共同工作可以快速的运行这些功能。4.3 接口程序运行序列可以用控制器的接口来编程。一台计算机的接口也可以用来升级使用程序。使用者能利用接口配置一连串定义序列的步骤位元组。但是也可以设计一个程序,利用可视资源为使用者翻译所需要的信息。但是，如果想联结电脑接口和控制器，至少应该有一个仪器来保证数据的可靠性。4.4 固件主要的线环是通过读取EEPROM 记忆中的每一资讯步骤进行工作。 在每个步骤中，系统