初中定语从句课件精心完全版改

1、定语从句,什么是定语从句呢,答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,the man who lives next to us is a policeman,先行词,_,_,关系词,_,定语从句,the tall the strong the clever,boy,the boy is tom,the boy who is tall is tom,the boy who is strong is tom,the boy who is clever is tom,the boy is tom. the boy is smiling,the boy is

2、tom. the boy has a round face,the boy who is smiling is tom. (主语,the boy who has a round face is tom,the boy is tom. he sits in front of me,the boy who sits in front of me is tom,the man is kind. everyone likes him,the man (who) everyone likes is kind. (宾语,the woman got the job. we saw her on the st

3、reet,the woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job,the teacher will give us a talk. we met the teacher yesterday,the teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk,apple,the red the green the small the big,the apple which is red is mine,the apple which is green is yours,the apple which is r

4、ed is small,the apple which is green is big,can you find the pen? i wrote with it just now,can you find the pen (which) i wrote with just now,this is a dream. the dream will never come true,this is a dream which/that will never come true,the dog has been found. the dog was lost,the dog which was los

5、t has been found,practise: this is the house _ is for sale. 2. the book _ is lying on the floor is mine,which / that 作主语. (不能省,作主语,which,which,which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略,this is the card. ive just received the card,this is the card（ which / that ive just received,practise: this is the mistake _i always

6、 make. i still keep the letters _ she wrote to me. i lost the pen _which my father bought me,作宾语,which /that,which,which,关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语,who / that 作主语. (不能省,this is the film star. the film star is very popular in china,this is the film

7、star who is very popular in china. (作主语,the boy _broke the window is called roy. do you know the man _spoke at the meeting yesterday? the girl _is watering the flowers is my cousin,that,who,who,who,who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略,the man is a famous writer. he described the man just now,the man _he desc

8、ribed just now is a famous writer. (作宾语,the boy_ i m looking for is my friend,whose 作定语,表示所属关系,the boy is my classmate. the boys father is a policeman,the boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate,who/ whom/ that,who(m,例题分析,a child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿). a. who b. whose c

9、. whos d. which,关系词,关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why,关系代词的用法,注意：在定语从句中充当宾语的关系词可以省略,小结,有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有5种,当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 thats all that i know. is there anything tha

10、t i can do for you? he answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 that is the most interesting book that i have ever read,the first thing that i should do is to review my lessons. 3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。 thats the only thing that i can do now. these are th

11、e very words that he used. 4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who. who is the girl that spoke to you just now? which is the pen that you lost ,5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that. the man and his dog that i always meet are standing by the gate,例句赏析,its an invention which /that is used for keepin

12、g off the rain,飘,its a book that/which was written by margaret mitchell,gone with the wind,its the wall that /which was built by chinese people,its an animal that/which,its an animal that / which has big nose,match the two sentences 1.im reading a book. the book is about bill gates. _ 2.he is a teac

13、her. the teacher teaches us chinese. _ 3.i dont like the man. he is smoking. _ 4.where is the picture? you bought it last week. _,im reading a book that/which is about bill gates,he is a teacher who/ that teaches us chinese,i dont like the man who is smoking,where is the picture that you bought last

14、 week,exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,the boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. the e-mail _ i received yesterday was from my sister. i hate people _ talk much but do little. the car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,5. the man _ hair is white i

15、s his grandfather. 6. is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. this is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years. 8.ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that,exercise 2,my father and his teacher talked a lot about the

16、 persons and things _ they couldnt remember. say all _ you know. is there anything _ i can do for you,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that,4.this is the first play _ i have seen since i came here. 5. this is the best novel _ i have read,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系

17、代词只能用that,6.who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. which is the machine _ we used last sunday,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that,that,that,关系副词： when/ where/why,when 作时间状语: she will never forget the day. she was married on that day,she will never forget the day when (=on which) sh

18、e was married,it was the year. the world war i broke out in the year,it was the year when (= in which) the world war i broke out,when = 介词 + which,where 作地点状语,i want to know the place. i was born there,i want to know the place where (= in which) i was born,the table where (= at which ) she is sittin

19、g is a new one,where = 介词 + which,why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason,that is the reason why(= for which) im late,i know the reason why he said it,why = for which,exercise,1.october 1,1949 is the day _ the prc was founded. which b. when c. that d. on that 2.is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which

20、b. what c. why d. for that,3. is this the place _ you were born? a. which b.where c.what d.that 4.the boy _ has two lovely dogs. a. who live next door b. which lives next door c. whom lives next door d. that lives next door,挑战高难度,1. is this the place _ you were born? a. which b.where c.what d.that 2

21、. is this the place _ some german friends visited last year? a. which b.where c.what d. why,3.the house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. a. which b.where c.what d.that 4.the house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now. a. that b.where c.what d. why,5.he told h

22、er the reason_ why he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her. a. why; why b. why; which c. that; why d. which; why,定语从句易错点,易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用 例 1. ill never forget the days when i spent in new york with you,将when 改为which/that,例 2. ill never forget the days which i visited new yo

23、rk with you,将which改为when,易错点二：固定句式出差错 例 3. mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her,将as改为that,例 4. mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves,将that 改为as,易错点三：主谓不一致 例 5. tom is one of the students who likes swimming,将likes改为like,例 6. tom is the only one of the students who like swimming,将li

24、ke改为likes,易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合 例 7. was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen,将第一个that改为where,例 8. youd better make a mark at where you have any questions,将at去掉或者在at后面加上the place,易错点五：对先行词概念不明确 例 9. is this library that you visited yesterday,在that前面加上the one,例 10. is this

25、the library where you visited yesterday,将where改为which/that,易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误 例 11. i dont like the way which you speak to her,将which改为in which/that/省略,例 12. i dont care for pay. i just want to get a job that i can be greatly valued,将that改为where,易错点七：介词前置出差错 例 17. the two things with which marx

26、was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms,将which改为about/of,例 18. tell him all the things to which he should pay attention,将to移到attention后面,注意：在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配 但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置,易错点八：which 和whose 的意义不明确 例 19. the book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us,将which改为whose,例 20. the book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us,将whose改为which,小结：whose+n.(指人）=the +n. + of whom= of whom + the + n. whose+n.(指物）=the+ n. + of which= of which + the + n,单项选择