动词时态基础讲解ppt课件

1、动词时态,语法专题(一,英语中的十六种时态： 1.一般现在时 9.现在完成时 2.一般过去时 10.过去完成时 3.一般将来时 11.将来完成时 4.一般过去将来时 12.过去将来完成时 5.现在进行时 13.现在完成进行时 6.过去进行时 14.过去完成进行时 7.将来进行时 15.将来完成进行时 8.过去将来进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fa

2、ct, he _ (be) the best pupil in his class. Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) Presidentof the United States,was,was,was,was,was,know,1. 一般现在时:do does 用法： A)表示现在的状态、特征、情况 They live in the same building. B)经常性、习惯性动作 （常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seld

3、om, sometimes等时间状语连用。） He works eight hours every day,C) 客观事实和普遍真理,格言或警句 等） The sun rises in the east. It snows in the winter. practice makes perfect,D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况. (一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用) The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 下午两点开会 The plane takes off at te

4、n. E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中， 如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时,代替将来时。 Ill not go unless Im invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes,1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. (2) We always care for each other and help each other. (3)The shop will close at 11：00 pm,1. Jenny _ in an office

5、. Her parents _ in a hospital. A. work works B. works work C. work are working D. is working work 2. One of the boys_ a black hat. A. have B. there is C. there are D. has 3. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. A. dont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rain,4. He said the sun _in the east an

6、d _in the west. A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets 5. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music. A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking listen 6. Jenny_ English every evening. A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied,7. A Midsummer Nights Dream_at the

7、Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened 8. My plane _ at 9 o clock tomorrow morning. Will you come to see me off? A) will be leave B) leaves C) will have left D) is left 9. When Bill _, ask him to wait for me. A. comes B. w

8、ill come C. has come D. came,2. 一般过去时 1.结构: did/was/were 用法： A.表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday, last night) B表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用） We often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。 (表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/ used to do 句型） . 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。 He us

9、ed to/ would go to work by bus,3. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表示将来的时间状语连用 基本结构: will/shall +动词原形,I shall graduate next year. You wont succeed without their support,其他将来时的表达方式,1）be going to do 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事; “有迹象表明或预示着将发生 Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 2)be about to do 表示眼下马上就

10、要发生的动作 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京,3) be +to do 表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为； 按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作 Youre to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。 4)be+doing 主要用于go, come, leave, start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了,You _ your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。 Look at the dark cl

11、ouds.It_ 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 . 小男孩就要摔倒了。 The little boy _fall over. 我们马上出发。 We_ to start off,are to hand in,Its going to rain,is going to,are about,在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如： Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。 1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it A Go

12、B Going C If you go D When going 2. Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better A or B while C but D and,Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any

13、friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,We are confident that the environment _by our further effort

14、s to reduce pollution. A. had been improvedB. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved,4.现在进行时 结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing 用法: A. 表示说话时正在进行的动作 Someonesknockingatthedoor. B. 表示现阶段内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching at a night school,C. 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动 (用现在进行时表示将来) Hesarrivingtomorrowmorni

15、ng. D.现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等频度副词连用，连用，表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪,不满） You are always forgetting the important things. 他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏） He is always working hard. 这个男孩上课老说话,The boy is always talking in class,三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。 1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neigh

16、bors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare,4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal us

17、e is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,5.过去进行时 结构：was/ were + doing 用法： A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状语 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. B. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过去时。 我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。 When I en

18、tered the room, she was sitting at her desk,你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. C.瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 （用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时 ） He said the train was leaving at six the next morning,练习,1. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _

19、asleep. (95 N) A. read was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell B,2. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promisesB. promised C. will promise D. had promised B,3. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we

20、 met no storms. Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called B,4. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When leftB. Leaving C. If you leaveD. Leave D 5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. GivingB. GiveC. Given D. To give B,3 -English has a large vocabulary， hasnt it

21、? -Yes_ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate （2004年上海卷） A Know B Knowing C To know D Known 4 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertise-ments showing happy families （2004年湖南卷） A will often see B often see C are often seeing D have often se

22、en 5. Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse.（2005辽宁） A. or B. and C. then D. so,6.过去将来时 1)基本结构 : would/ Should +动词原形 表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句和间接引语 。 The boy promised he _ (work) hard. I told my parents I _ (return) early,would work,should /would return,2).其他表示过去将来的句型

23、was (were) going to was (were) to +动词原形 was (were) about to,7.现在完成时 结构: have (has) +过去分词 现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。 常与下边这些时间状语连用： 如:so far, up to now, recently, during/over/in the past ten years, since+时间点, for+一段时间，ever, never, just ,already, yet, 等等,在下列

24、句型中要用现在完成时: 1.This/ It is the first/second time + that 从句(完成时) 这是我第二次来北京了。 2.This (that / It)is the +形容词最高级 . that 从句 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 3.It has been+ 一段时间 + since从句 （ 主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要用一般过去时 ） 他参军以来已经有两年了. It has been two years since he joined the army

25、,This is the second time that I have come to Beijing,典型例题,1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,答案B ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时,2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minu

26、tes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时,1. Shakespeares play Hamlet _into at least ten different films over the past years A.had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 2. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on th

27、e news for the last three days. A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be 3. It is the most interesting film that I_ since I came to our college. A. see B. have seen C.seeing D.had seen,8.过去完成时 结构：had + done 表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。 既 过去的过去。 常与时间状语by the end of +过去时间点，before+过去时间/过去动作, by+过去时间，until then 等

28、连用 eg. They had got everything ready before I came. 到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了 。 Until then, we _for six months. hadnt heard from him,过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。 Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity,When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away).

29、 When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading,had run away,had begun,常见考点有： 把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。 1) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had s

30、tarted; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid,过去完成时典型用法: 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。 I had intended to call on you yesterday 我本来昨天打算要去看你。 （但没去） I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿,Hardly

31、 had+主语 donewhen+ 主语did ; No sooner had +主语+donethan + 主语did scarcely had +主语 donewhen+ 主语+did 意为“一.就” 他刚睡下门铃就响了。 Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang,3.it/this was the first/second.time that had done It was the third time that the boy had been late,翻译以下句子： 1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。 2.这是我第一次当众讲话。(用

32、it is) 3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。 1.By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world. 2.It is the first time Ive spoken in public 3.The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night,4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。 5.他一来，她就离开. （no soonerthan) 4.He always sleeps with the windows open. 5. No sooner ha

33、d He come than she left,6、 将来完成时(will have done,1) 构成will / be going to have done sth,2) 概念: 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。 经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 We will have learned 12 units by the end of this term. By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from t

34、op to bottom,1. By the end of this year Mr. Smith _in our company for exactly three years. A) is working B) has worked C) will work D) will have worked 2. By the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks A. shall stay B. will have stayed C. have stayed D. have been staying 3. During the

35、last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply. A.was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing,The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes

36、 D. has been taking On Monday mornings it usually _me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take,Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. wo

37、uld be made Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving,I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D.

38、saves,9.现在完成进行时 ( has / have been doing) 现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下： 1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn

39、, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years. Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时,强调：已完成性,强调：持续性，未完成性,1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷） had considered B. has

40、been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted,典型例题(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came

41、 D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month,B,D,H

42、ave a try 1.By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted,1. - I hear that Jason is

43、 planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 2. By the time you get to the office I _all the documents for meeting. A. am preparing B. prepare C.have prepared D. Will have prepared,Practice _ perfect. (make) 2.

44、We often _ together when we were children.(play) 3. I _ at an evening school these days. (study) 4. I did tell my friends what_ to them if they didnt follow my advice. (happen) 5. I called Jim many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. His mother _ (talk ) on the phone all the time,wou

45、ld happen,was talking,Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words,exercises,makes,played,am studying,6.When the police arrived, the thieves _away (run). 7.Look at the clouds; it _ (rain) . 8. The Chinese _paper for two thousand years. (make) 9. Hurry up, the plane _ (take) off at 6 ocloc

46、k. 10. This is the first time that I _her song. (hear,have been making,is going to rain,had run,have heard,takes,Exercises I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get) Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years. How often _ And

47、y _ (surf) the internet? He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before. 7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer. 8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day. 9. _ the

48、 story _ (happen) in London in 1949? 10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday? 13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow. 14. Tom _ (work) th

49、ere since two years ago. 15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ag

50、o, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,1 I

51、 dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know. A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes,D,B,2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are bein

52、g run out,3My father retired from the steel factory last month, and he _ there for more than twenty years . A worked B has worked C had been working D was working,A,4.We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _ it was gone. A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found,A,5.This is the fir

53、st time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西) Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen,D,6You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited,7You _ television. Why not do somethi

54、ng more active？ A. always watchB. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching,B,B,8.Mr Smith _ tonight.” “ But he promised.” doesnt come B. isnt coming C. didnt come D. hadnt come,9 Ann is in hospital. Oh，really？I _ know. I _ go and visit her.(2009江苏) Adidnt；am going to B

55、dont；would Cdont；will Ddidnt；will,key points,10 Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.” A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice,D,B,11Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）A. did B. has done C. was

56、 doing D. had done 12. Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing,高考题点击： 13.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis

57、 called Chad been called Dhas been called 14 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play,B,D,说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are