高级英语课件Disappearing-through-the-Skylight

1、Disappearing Through the Skylight,Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr,Unit 6,Teaching Plan,Teaching Objectives,To acquaint themselves with the writing style of a scientific essay To know the features of this scientific essay: long paragraphs, formal English expressions, objective perspective, topic sentences

2、, etc. To analyse the structure of the text,Teaching Focus,The philosophic sense of this scientific essay. Technique terms, famous brands of cars, quotations, the world situation in science, technology, etc. and the future development,Teaching Methods,Teacher-oriented teaching method Student-oriente

3、d teaching method The elicited method,Teaching Procedure,Introductory Remarks . Background Information . Learning Focus . Key words and Expressions . Explanation of the Text,Division of the Text . The Writing Style . Rhetorical Devices .Exercises,Introductory Remarks,Introductory Remarks,The central

4、 theme of “disappearance” Nature disappears History disappears The solid banks disappear The second important idea the universalizing tendency of science and technology,The third concept the modern man is no longer a unique individual, and he is the product of a special environment and culture The l

5、ast statement the disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play,Detailed Study of the Text,Background Information,Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr. born in San Diego, Californian, 1928 Graduated from University of North California and the U

6、niversity of Wisconsin a teacher at Princeton and the University of North Carolina,writing a lot of books Lyrics and Elegies (1958) The Enduring Monument (1962) English Literary Criticism: The Renaissance (1964) Entering the Maze: Identity and change in Modern Culture (1981) Disappearing through the

7、 Skylight (1980,well-known for his profound insights into the change in modern culture brought about by modern science and technology reviewing the ways in which the central concepts in nature, history, language, art, and human evolutions have changed under the impact of modern science and technolog

8、y,About the Title Disappearing Through the Skylight is not only the title of this chapter but also the title of the book.This shows the text we are going to learn is the most important part of the book. There is also a sub-title of the book Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century,As for the

9、central theme of this book, the writer says, “This book is about the ways culture has changed in the past century, changing the identities of all those born into it. Its metaphor for the effect of change on culture is “disappearance,A logical conclusion can be found in the final paragraph of this ke

10、y chapter that “As surely as nature is being swallowed up by the mind, the banks, you might say, are disappearing through their own skylights,The metaphorical phrase “Disappearing Through the Skylight” is used to describe the changed appearance of modern banks which seem to be disappearing,Learning

11、Focus,The writer puts forward the central theme of “disappearance” nature disappears, history disappears and even the solid banks disappears. (Central Theme,He puts forward the idea of the universalizing tendency of science and technology. (The universalizing effect and reflection is world styles.,T

12、he modern man is no longer a unique individual, the product of a special environment and culture. The homogeneous world he now lives in universalizes him. He becomes a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world,The disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often ex

13、pressed through play. The playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual particles, in art it has produced the paintings of Picasso and Joan Miro and so on,Key words and Expressions,1) cannibalism: cannibal n. a person who eats human flesh; an animal that eats the flesh of other animals

14、 of the same kind cannibalistic a,2) postmodernism a style and movement in art, architecture, literature, etc. in the late 20th century that reacts against modern styles, for example by mixing features from traditional and modern styles postmodernist a./n. culture/writing/cinema,3) neo in a later fo

15、rm neomodernism, neoclassical neofascist,4) ad hoc adv. for this specific purpose without general application a. arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in advance an ad hoc meeting to deal with the problem The meetings will be held on an hoc basis,6) typify: v. to be a typical example

16、of sth; to be a typical feature of sth. 7) fantasy: n. a pleasant situation that you imagine but that is unlikely to happen; a product at your imagination,8) impart sth. to sb.: to pass information, knowledge etc. to other peopleimpart sth. to sth.: give a particular quality to The spice imparts an

17、Eastern flavour to the dish,9) linger: (on) continue to exist for longer than expected The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room. to stay somewhere for longer because you dont want to leave; to spend a long time,10) evade: escape from sth./sb. or avoid meeting sb. For two weeks they evaded

18、 the press. to find a way of not doing sth to evade payment at taxes to avoid dealing with or talking about sth,11) faade n. the front of a building; the way that sb./sth. appears to be, which is different from the way sb./sth. really is She managed to maintain a faade of indifference,12) gamesmansh

19、ip: n. the ability to win games by making your opponent less confident and using rules to your advantage,13) abound: v. to exist in great numbers or quantities abound in with sth. The lakes abound with fish. abundance, abundantly,14) batter: hit sb./sth. hard many times esp. in a way that causes ser

20、ious damage,Explanation of the Text,The writer s views are generally clearly and succinctly presented as a topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph and then developed or illustrated in the paragraph itself or by succeeding paragraphs,Commit 1) to promise or give your loyalty, time or money

21、to a particular principle, person or plan of action; give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause. The government must commit itself to improving health care. She is known chiefly for her commitment to nuclear disarmament,Commit 2) to do something wrong or illegal commit crimes/murder/rape

22、/arson/suicide/adultery/error/offence, etc 3) commit something to paper. commit something to memory,Science is committed to Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world. This concept of universality and uniformity is one of the

23、basic views of the author,international style,homogeneous,technology,history,Identities,disappearance of history,diminishment of Identities/differences,world /international style,world homogeneous,technology: universalizing tendency,Para .2,science,science: (universalized) universality,corollary: co

24、rollaries countable formal sth. that is the direct result of something else corollary of/to Is social inequality the inevitable corollary of economic freedom,homogeneous: consisting of people or things that are all of the same type; having similarity in structure because of common descent. uniform;

25、similar or identical The working class is not quite so homogeneous in its political preference. c.f. heterogeneous,Variety VS. Variation,streamline,1. to form something into a smooth shape, so that it moves easily through the air or water. All these new cars have been streamlined. efforts to streaml

26、ine the production process 2. to make something such as a business, organization etc work more simply and effectively. Streamlined,Streamline 1. to form something into a smooth shape, so that it moves easily through the air or water. All these new cars have been streamlined. efforts to streamline th

27、e production process 2. to make something such as a business, organization etc work more simply and effectively. Streamlined,It was the automotive equivalent of the International Style. The idea of a world car is similar to the idea of having a world style for architecture. As architecture was movin

28、g toward a common International Style, it was natural for the automobile to do the same,As in automaking This is an elliptical balanced sentence. The full sentence may read: “Things that are happening in automaking are similar to those happening in architecture.,1962 Lincoln Continental Convertible,

29、1969 Lincoln Continental Mark III,Cadillac,1932 Volkswagen Beetle Type 12,Volkswagen Beetle,No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geography and culture. The modern man no longer has very distinct individual traits shaped by a special environment and culture,How has m

30、an become cosmopolitan? cars: the same basic features shopping: all similarly air-conditioned travelling: airportssimilar lines and the hotelsthe same amenities In a word, he finds himself at home in all countries and places,The price of the word, the benefit limitations. The disadvantage of being a

31、 cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the word. The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities,The universalizing irresistible. The compelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resi

32、sted,Barring culture. Excepting a great disaster brought about by a nuclear war, the universalizing power of technology will continue to influence modern culture and the consciousness of people who inhabit that culture,Para.9 The writer puts forward and develops the main theme of this chapter and th

33、e central theme of his bookthe insubstantiality of the world, the disappearance of traditional concepts, of the material objects we used to see with our ordinary eyes. This is specially and clearly reflected in modern art and architecture,Francis Picabia 1879-1953 a French painter, poet, typographis

34、t Dadaist and Surrealist painter,Machine Turn Quickly, 1916-1918, tempera on paper, United States National Gallery of Art,The Joy in Blindness / Bonheur de laveuglement. 1947. Oil on wood. Private collection,Dada or Dadaism (1916-1922) a cultural movement began in Switzerland, during WWI involves vi

35、sual arts literature (poetry, art manifestoes, art theory) theatre graphic design,concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works purpose to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern wor

36、ld anti-bourgeois anarchist in nature,Many Dadaists believed that the reason and logic of bourgeois capitalist society had led people into war. They expressed their rejection of that ideology in artistic expression that appeared to reject logic and embrace chaos and irrationality,a protest against t

37、he barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society Its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art,It influenced later movements including Surrealism. According to

38、 its proponents, Dada was not art; it was anti-art. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite,Where art was concerned with aesthetics, Dada ignored them. If art is to have at least an implicit or latent message, Dada strives to have no meaninginterpretation of Dada is dep

39、endent entirely on the viewer,If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada offends. Perhaps it is then ironic that Dada is an influential movement in Modern art. Dada became a commentary on art and the world, thus becoming art itself,The founders included the French artist Jean Arp and the writers Hug

40、o Ball and Tristan Tzara. Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp were also key contributors. The Dada movement evolved into Surrealism in the 1920s,Marcel Duchamp L.H.O.O.Q. 1919,Surrealism a 20th century style and movement in art and literature images and events that are not connected are put together

41、in a strange or impossible way to try to express what is happening deep in the mind,Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur (前后不符的推论). emphasis on content and free form the most important center of the movement was Paris,From the 1920s onward, the

42、 movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy and social theory,The major Surrealist painters Joan Mir Jean Arp Max Ernst Andr Masson Ren Magritte Yves Tanguy,

43、Joan Mir,Joan Mirs work,Rooster,Daybreak,Nude Descending a Staircase Marcel Duchamp,The Eiffel Tower an immense structure of exposed latticework supports made of puddle iron, was erected for the Paris Exposition of 1889,Machine aesthetics,Para.9 When every artist thought it was his duty to show his

44、contempt for and objection to the Eiffel tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure. Machines soon originated new ideas and problems that could not be handled by the old ways of thinking, which is a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new,P

45、ara 10 rhetorical questions The writer uses many rhetorical questions to introduce his central theme and to emphasize his arguments on the insubstantiality of the world,It has thus undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things. People used to firmly believe that the things they saw aroun

46、d them were real solid substances but this has now been thrown into doubt by science. 这就动摇了人们认为世界的物质是客观实在的信念,The skepticismthe soul. This doubt of science about the thingliness of things means there is now a new evaluation of the humanity of art. This evaluation is entirely in keeping with what Kand

47、insky in his book On the Spiritual in Art says about beautiful art. He says that beautiful art reflects the inner need of a mans soul,It is a world a content. The world of nature that modern art reveals no longer contains the material objects we were familiar with. Instead, the world is now filled w

48、ith images produced by the mind. This has made the world almost empty of history because history has to be associated with the objective existence of material things,Pablo Picasso (1881-1973,Guernica by Pablo Picasso. 1937,Three Musicians by Pablo Picasso, 1921,Playfulness 玩兴,玩耍性（Playfulness）不只带来乐趣，

49、也有助于打破成规、放松身心与创造表现。 mock-heroic a satirical imitation of heroic verse ridiculing or burlesquing heroic style, character, character, or action 嘲弄(或滑稽)地模仿英雄风格的,It is announced Neomodernism and by the Adhocism This playfulness of the modern aesthetic is fully displayed in every city in the developed wo

50、rld by the playful and fantastic (imaginary and is very strange and magical) buildings of postmodernism and neomodernism,In these cities one will also find side by side fantastic buildings representing the styles of collage city and urban adhocism. 它在发达世界的每座城市里都通过后现代主义和新现代主义的奇形怪状和荒诞的建筑物，通过把各种建筑风格奇特地

51、拼凑在一起得到反映，而这恰恰是拼贴画式的城市和无计划的大杂烩城市的典型表现,collage a work of formal art made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole visual arts,Postmodernism to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema, journalism, and design, as well as in marketing an

52、d business and in the interpretation of law, culture, and religion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries,Philip Johnsons At 花招, 小动作,Today modern . Village. Today modern culture includes the simple geometric designs of the International Style, the fanciful designs of facadism and the playfulness

53、of theme parks and museum villages,geodesic (archit) having a structurally strong surface made up of short, straight, light weight bars that form a grid of polygons 筑成圆顶的， geodesic dome a building with a high round frame made of shapes with angles that fit together 密网格穹隆; 网格球顶,geodesic,Leonardos sel

54、f-portrait,Neoclassic designating or of a revival of classic style and form in art, literature etc as in England from 1660-1740 adaptation or revival of the classical, esp. in art, music or architecture,They are terminals. The bank may be the front part of a store equipped with a device that looks l

55、ike a slot machine and can communicate with the computers in the banks central office,In a computer by other computers. In a computer money becomes a series of electrical pulses representing numerical digits. These figures are handled and processed by the various computers,That, perhaps, establishes

56、 That, perhaps, shows how far logically modern aesthetic can go. The solid bans can become almost abstract and invisible./ This is perhaps the furthest limit of how solid objective things may be disappearing,is a long way ahead, but it can be made out, just barely, through the haze over the road. An

57、yhow, it will take a long time before the disappearance of the banks occur but a dim outline of this can now be seen through the faint mists over these things,As surely as nature are disappearing through their own skylights. As the objective images of nature are now fading from our minds, so are the

58、 banks appearing to disappear through their own skylights,Division of the Text,Part I (Para 1-8) Science is committed to the universals Part II (Para 9-15) Science has shown the insubstantiality of the world Section III (Para 16-19) Banks are disappearing,Major examples 1) automobile industry (para

59、2-8) 2) modern art (para 9-13) 3) modern culture (para.14-15) 4) architect of banks (16-19,Summary,The Writing Style,The Main Views of the Writer Disappearance: nature, history and the solid banks Universalization: architecture, dress, musical style-world style Cosmopolitan: a citizen of the world T

60、he feeling of liberation: expressed through play,Writing Style,1) the use of topic sentences 2) the use of the present tense 3) the use of complex and compound sentences, long sentences 4) the use of scientific and technical terms 5) the use of figurative language 6) to write clearly, concisely, obj