GPS控制网技术总结

1、目 录GPS控制网技术总结2一、测区概况2二、工程概况2三、技术依据3四、点位分布4五、外业观测情况5六、数据处理6七、结论与建议15RTK平面图测量总结17一、作业过程17二、内业成图成果（包括放样部分）18RTK放样总结19第一部分作业流程19第二部分放样结果图（图中白色线部分）19第三部分个人放样成果总结20第四部分 小组放样成果（见下页）20样本数据处理结果总结22第一部分 处理总结22第二部分 无约束平差基线向量改正数23实习体会26第一部分 技术总结26第二部分 体会与收获28第三部分 意见与建议29 GPS控制网技术总结一、测区概况此次测量布设控制网地区为武汉大学校园，测区内部地

2、势平坦，交通便利，通讯设施发达，有较多较平均的控制点，视野开阔，点的通视性较好，树木、房屋遮挡的情况不是特别严重。在测量期间天气晴好。整个网由4个控制点和16个未知点组成，控制网区域几乎覆盖整个武汉大学，控制点分布较均匀。二、工程概况此次实习的目的是为了继GPS原理与应用课程之后，加强学生的动手操作能力，进一步巩固和理解书本知识，为以后的工程项目和科研实践打下基础；通过该实习，掌握利用GPS 技术进行控制测量的基本技能和方法，培养和提高利用所学理论知识解决实际问题以及通过团队协作完成复杂项目的能力。控制网为国家D级GPS网，要求控制网覆盖武汉大学，总共20个控制点，平均点距离约400m；以队为

3、单位，完成设计、选点、观测，每个人分别做一个点的点之记，进行数据处理和质量控制，提交各自的成果。本队共5组人员，每组人员分配一台仪器，小组人员相互配合，团结合作，经历两天时间，一共观测9个时段，每个时段60min，完成了此次测量任务。三、技术依据此次测量任务的技术依据为全球定位系统（GPS）测量规范（ 183142001），D级网GPS测量基本技术要求规定见下表：卫星截止高度角（）同时观测有效卫星数有效观测卫星数观测时段数时段长度（min）采样间隔（s）时段中任一卫星有效观测时间（min）15441.64510-3015说明： 1、接收机至少有L1载波相位，同步接收机数不小于2； 2、相邻点间

4、基线长度精度=a2+(b.d.10-6)2,固定误差a不大于10mm，比例误差系数b不大于10； 3、最简独立闭合环或附合路线的边数不大于8； 4、相邻点之间的平均距离5-10km； 5、复测基线长度较差ds22; 6、独立闭合环或者附合路线坐标闭合差Wx3n, Wy3n, Wz3n, Ws33n，Ws=Wx2+Wy2+W z2 7、同步环闭合差 Wx35，Wy35 ， Wz35 8、无约束平差中，基线分量的改正数绝对值VX3， VY3，VZ3 9、约束平差中，基线分量的改正数绝对值VX2，VY2，VZ2另外，其他的规范要求如下：表1 精度分级级别固定误差a,mm比例误差系数AA30.01A5

5、0.1B81C105D1010E1020表2 最简独立闭合环或附合路线边数的规定级别ABCDE闭合环或附合路线的边数566810表 3 GPS网中相邻点之间的平均距离级别项目AAABCDE平均距离10002007010-155-100.2-5表4 各级GPS测量基本技术要求规定级别项目AAABCDE卫星截止高度角（度）101015151515同时观测有效卫星数444444有效观测卫星总数20209644观测时段数106421.61.6注在时段中观测时间符合上表中第七项规定的卫星，为有效观测卫星；计算有效卫星观测总数时，应将各时段的有效观测卫星数扣除其间的重复卫星数；观测时段长度，应为开始记录数

6、据到结束记录的时间段；观测时段数1.6，指每一站观测一时段，至少60%测站再观测一时段。对于本次要布设的D 级网，静态观测：时段长度45min,采样间隔1030s，任一卫星的有效观测时间15min四、点位分布五、外业观测情况本小组外业测量中所用的仪器为徕卡接收机，精度经检验合格。本组一共观测9个点，9个时段，整个大队测量的网为20个点；采用的仪器为徕卡5台，仪器参数统一设为采样率为5s，截止高度角10，采用专用尺测量天线高度，各台仪器对中、整平情况良好，整个网与已知的控制点（G001,G002,G003,G004）联测。六、数据处理1、 基线解算和质量控制此次基线处理采用TGO软件，采用的星历

7、为广播星历，对于不同的基线所采用的参数不相同，大致设置过的参数包括“动态”中的“最少参考观测值时间”（设为0sec），“最大修复周滑动”（在0到600之间调节），反选质量验收标准，“编辑乘法器”（2.5到3.5之间变化）以及对流层和电流层参数的设置（使用很少）。最终处理得到的结果见下表：表一 所有环闭合差结果长度D水平D垂直PPMS2 - S11 - S3 1098.146m.011m-.047m43.888S3 - S136 - S114 1235.073m.027m.028m31.355S6 - S10 - S12 1440.072m.003m-.011m8.09S6 - S10 - S3

8、7 1440.074m.005m.000m3.295S11 - S10 - S12 1440.077m.001m-.005m3.44S11 - S10 - S37 1440.078m.005m.007m5.833S6 - S136 - S95 1599.136m.030m-.004m18.674S6 - S137 - S95 1599.111m.017m.018m15.626S11 - S136 - S95 1599.140m.029m.002m18.016S11 - S137 - S95 1599.115m.013m.025m17.595S12 - S14 - S38 1376.568m.0

9、17m-.019m18.552S12 - S43 - S38 1376.576m.003m.020m14.386S37 - S14 - S38 1376.570m.015m-.031m24.928S37 - S43 - S38 1376.578m.003m.008m6.355S12 - S40 - S36 1775.902m.003m.014m8.283S37 - S40 - S36 1775.904m.001m.003m1.655S12 - S94 - S88 1797.173m.022m.005m12.503S12 - S96 - S95 1797.155m.008m.019m11.642

10、S37 - S94 - S88 1797.175m.018m-.006m10.749S37 - S96 - S95 1797.157m.012m.008m7.867S36 - S41 - S38 1374.324m.002m.003m2.735S36 - S42 - S39 1577.186m.028m-.002m17.48S38 - S142 - S95 2017.822m.019m.007m10.124S38 - S143 - S88 2017.819m.014m-.018m11.3S10 - S96 - S136 1291.481m.022m.012m19.376S10 - S96 -

11、S137 1291.456m.013m-.010m12.626S14 - S21 - S16 1128.048m.009m-.019m18.818S14 - S25 - S16 1128.041m.010m-.049m44.204S14 - S27 - S16 1128.049m.011m-.020m20.287S43 - S21 - S16 1128.057m.014m.019m21.019S43 - S25 - S16 1128.050m.005m-.010m9.848S43 - S27 - S16 1128.057m.011m.019m19.095S43 - S28 - S130 187

12、9.020m.004m-.037m19.728S14 - S142 - S96 1531.755m.025m-.032m26.696S14 - S143 - S94 1531.753m.013m-.043m29.126S43 - S142 - S96 1531.764m.015m.007m10.812S43 - S143 - S94 1531.761m.009m-.004m6.187S14 - S41 - S40 1412.927m.014m-.037m27.858S43 - S41 - S40 1412.935m.001m.002m1.49S14 - S45 - S44 1782.063m.

13、008m-.037m21.31S43 - S45 - S44 1782.071m.006m.002m3.648S16 - S24 - S130 1543.688m.016m-.047m32.387S16 - S91 - S94 1612.034m.000m-.008m4.861S130 - S90 - S96 2076.817m.012m-.028m14.834S21 - S24 - S22 1680.317m.019m.033m22.866S21 - S24 - S23 1680.330m.014m.034m21.78S21 - S24 - S28 1680.325m.002m.009m5.

14、39S21 - S34 - S22 1680.320m.020m.028m20.364S21 - S34 - S23 1680.333m.013m.028m18.488S21 - S34 - S28 1680.327m.004m.003m3.008S25 - S24 - S22 1680.310m.010m.004m6.401S25 - S24 - S23 1680.323m.010m.005m6.41S25 - S24 - S28 1680.318m.007m-.021m12.97S25 - S34 - S22 1680.313m.011m-.002m6.814S25 - S34 - S23

15、 1680.326m.008m-.001m4.7S25 - S34 - S28 1680.321m.006m-.026m16.181S27 - S24 - S22 1680.318m.016m.033m21.698S27 - S24 - S23 1680.330m.009m.033m20.573S27 - S24 - S28 1680.325m.003m.008m5.241S27 - S34 - S22 1680.321m.018m.027m19.171S27 - S34 - S23 1680.333m.009m.028m17.19S27 - S34 - S28 1680.328m.005m.

16、002m3.511S21 - S31 - S26 2118.328m.002m.002m1.039S21 - S31 - S54 2118.335m.008m.001m3.993S25 - S31 - S26 2118.321m.010m-.028m14.007S25 - S31 - S54 2118.328m.017m-.029m15.939S27 - S31 - S26 2118.328m.005m.001m2.179S27 - S31 - S54 2118.335m.012m.000m5.494S21 - S33 - S29 2112.318m.004m.017m8.419S25 - S

17、33 - S29 2112.312m.013m-.012m8.314S27 - S33 - S29 2112.319m.006m.017m8.396S21 - S91 - S143 1936.171m.008m.015m8.936S25 - S91 - S143 1936.164m.006m-.014m7.894S27 - S91 - S143 1936.171m.003m.015m7.838S22 - S32 - S26 2568.168m.016m-.050m20.392S28 - S32 - S26 2568.176m.002m-.025m9.835S28 - S32 - S54 256

18、8.183m.007m-.026m10.547S22 - S35 - S29 2240.330m.018m-.025m13.573S23 - S35 - S29 2240.342m.012m-.025m12.478S28 - S35 - S29 2240.337m.002m.000m0.683S22 - S90 - S143 2507.232m.015m.003m5.888S23 - S90 - S143 2507.245m.006m.002m2.659S28 - S90 - S143 2507.239m.006m.027m11.14S26 - S30 - S29 2570.866m.003m

19、.026m10.295S54 - S30 - S29 2570.873m.007m.027m11.01S26 - S109 - S45 2503.343m.008m-.024m10.099S54 - S109 - S45 2503.350m.001m-.023m9.214S26 - S50 - S51 2177.726m.017m-.042m20.836S54 - S50 - S51 2177.733m.010m-.041m19.416S26 - S53 - S55 2815.892m.003m-.006m2.286S54 - S53 - S55 2815.899m.006m-.005m2.7

20、8S41 - S70 - S55 1783.469m.015m.028m17.997S45 - S46 - S51 1645.497m.005m-.001m3.293S45 - S77 - S55 1692.033m.001m-.013m7.496S45 - S48 - S55 1692.045m.013m-.007m8.543S51 - S52 - S55 1977.128m.006m-.009m5.59S24 - S32 - S31 1911.318m.005m-.018m9.758S34 - S32 - S31 1911.321m.007m-.024m13.012S24 - S35 -

21、S33 1443.346m.005m-.008m6.64S34 - S35 - S33 1443.349m.007m-.014m10.887S24 - S90 - S91 2120.549m.001m.021m9.714S34 - S90 - S91 2120.551m.002m.015m7.061S31 - S30 - S33 1919.313m.002m.011m5.634S32 - S30 - S35 1639.941m.001m.001m0.989S109 - S46 - S50 1915.689m.011m.017m10.665S109 - S77 - S53 2230.512m.0

22、07m-.031m14.293S109 - S48 - S53 2230.524m.006m-.025m11.71S50 - S52 - S53 2004.652m.010m-.046m23.362S98 - S99 - S60 2097.652m.005m-.009m4.838S98 - S101 - S56 2112.052m.009m-.002m4.288S98 - S105 - S46 1200.735m.028m.000m23.054S98 - S141 - S61 1555.996m.008m.009m7.485S46 - S77 - S52 1184.733m.008m-.002

23、m7.388S46 - S48 - S52 1184.745m.008m.003m7.258S46 - S132 - S61 1576.293m.010m-.009m8.5S52 - S83 - S61 1483.743m.018m-.006m12.541S56 - S58 - S61 2082.133m.001m-.003m1.595S56 - S59 - S60 1770.179m.001m.005m2.831S60 - S65 - S61 2080.286m.001m-.007m3.515S99 - S59 - S101 1369.002m.005m-.011m8.972S99 - S6

24、5 - S141 1397.641m.004m-.025m18.048S101 - S58 - S141 1365.165m.001m-.014m10.659S102 - S112 - S108 1214.102m.017m-.026m25.883S102 - S113 - S108 1214.094m.016m-.040m35.909S102 - S115 - S105 1401.064m.021m.047m36.939S102 - S116 - S105 1401.067m.017m-.027m22.929S105 - S77 - S108 718.624m.009m-.049m68.96

25、2S105 - S48 - S108 718.636m.017m-.043m64.392S105 - S132 - S141 848.561m.029m-.018m40.426S59 - S58 - S65 1016.020m.000m-.001m0.863S112 - S77 - S115 1421.951m.022m-.025m23.423S112 - S77 - S116 1421.955m.018m.050m37.332S112 - S48 - S115 1421.963m.026m-.030m28.15S112 - S48 - S116 1421.967m.021m.044m34.5

26、37S113 - S77 - S115 1421.943m.013m-.039m28.879S113 - S77 - S116 1421.947m.009m.036m25.749S113 - S48 - S115 1421.955m.024m-.045m35.59S113 - S48 - S116 1421.959m.021m.030m25.514S112 - S70 - S71 1897.497m.010m-.003m5.565S113 - S70 - S71 1897.489m.006m-.017m9.545S112 - S75 - S74 1304.288m.011m.040m31.63

27、9S113 - S75 - S74 1304.280m.028m.025m28.731S115 - S66 - S71 1855.910m.004m.009m5.624S115 - S68 - S74 1694.426m.010m-.011m8.738S71 - S72 - S74 2037.841m.005m-.017m8.631S66 - S70 - S77 1120.489m.015m-.013m17.62S66 - S70 - S48 1120.501m.021m-.018m25.147S66 - S72 - S68 1939.767m.001m.003m1.71S77 - S83 -

28、 S132 972.530m.014m.001m14.554S48 - S83 - S132 972.542m.003m.007m7.324表二 所有的复测基线较差结果ID从到基线长度解算类型比率参考变量RMSdsB42G004G212423.143L1 固定12.87.2220.0110.8584130.71221-5B84G212G004423.138L1 固定55.23.3530.006B86G215G004395.598L1 固定4.115.0510.01210.7540630.41707-25B44G215G004395.573L1 固定6.6520.025B89G215G21278

29、0.409L1 固定316.6130.01412.6847935.878-9B49G215G212780.4L1 固定2.417.0390.016B62G215G209756.83L1 固定2.944.4270.02112.541135.47158-12B53G215G209756.818L1 固定2.738.9810.023B38G212G211568.905L1 固定19.45.5960.00811.5050132.54109-2B45G211G212568.903L1 固定1113.1150.012B58G215G211447.862L1 固定3.255.6560.02610.95713

30、0.99136-10B47G215G211447.852L1 固定4.445.7610.024B57G216G210435.549L1 固定6.812.0830.01210.9073530.850653B71G210G216435.552L1 固定1.63.2390.006B63G216G209836.703L1 固定9.73.0310.00613.0386836.87896-6B69G209G216836.697L1 固定713.4510.012B64G209G218982.98L1 固定10.612.7390.01114.022339.661067B78G218G209982.987L1

31、固定4.434.0540.019B4G220G003281.182L1 固定2.328.8850.01710.387829.3811313B34G003G220281.195L1 浮动1.531.8110.017B6G203G206452.707L1 固定64.930.5740.01710.9769931.04762-8B12G203G206452.699L1 固定5.519.0530.014B7G220G203684.61L1 固定3.231.1130.01712.1189634.277584B14G220G203684.614L1 固定1.975.9630.03B10G220G206284

32、.631L1 固定4.256.3690.02410.3971929.407683B19G206G220284.634L1 固定1.775.0190.031B37G209G220564.895L1 固定4.362.8650.02611.4852432.4851521B80G220G209564.916L1 浮动043.8770.023B35G211G209327.081L1 固定16.15.8070.00810.5213229.75879-8B52G211G209327.073L1 固定11.335.9940.02表三 两个同步环闭合差计算成果基线B64B67B70坐标增量（mm）=13.169

33、535=4.562dX（/m）-864.262m-101.700m-965.954m1dY（/m）-89.275m-320.490m-409.788m3dZ（/m）-459.707m419.786m-39.934m3斜距（/m）982.980537.8441050.042平均：856.9553基线B1B2B5坐标增量（mm）=12.088935=4.187dX（/m）-20.895m208.905m229.797m3dY（/m）475.356m543.988m68.645m3dZ（/m）-752.270m-683.580m68.702m2斜距（/m）890.118898.246249.477平

34、均：679.2803表四 三个异步环闭合差计算成果基线B45B36B35坐标增量（mm）=10.01033=52.016dX（/m）489.037-448.22440.8076dY（/m）254.419-97.412157.0213dZ（/m）-140.585-143.438-284.0113斜距（/m）568.903480.592327.081458.基线B45B36B52坐标增量(mm）=10.0133=52.0162dX（/m）489.037-448.22440.82411dY（/m）254.419-97.412156.98423dZ（/m）-140.585-143.438-284.01

35、85斜距（/m）568.903480.592327.073458.856基线B78B70B67坐标增量（mm）=10.036633=52.1519dX（/m）864.268-965.954-101.70.014dY（/m）89.274-409.788-320.49-0.024dZ（/m）459.711-39.934419.7860.009斜距（/m）982.9871050.042537.844856.2、网平差处理与质量控制本次平差处理和基线解算一样，所用的软件都是TGO，无约束平差最终归算到WGS-84坐标系，约束平差归算到自己定义的坐标系（以北京54坐标系为基准，投影中央子午线为114，水

36、准面模型为EGM96）；无约束平差是在处理基线的过程中同步完成的，平差形式为一倍中误差；约束平差起算数据为WH04（.694 , .801 , 33.436），WH06（.069 , .508 , 28.211），WH13（.046,.365,27.719），在处理完基线后进行，平差形式也是一倍中误差。1）无约束平差基线向量改正数统计表一 高程改正高程改正数0-1cm1-2cm2-3cm3-4cm4cm以上基线条数23262563表二 距离改正改正数值01mm2mm3mm4mm5mm6mm7mm8mm以上基线条数233192016965相邻点距离中误差统计表一 相邻点距离中误差统计中误差/mm

37、123456数目/条1923211910表二 相邻点距离中误差详细表格ID从到基线长度中误差B1G003G203890.118m0.001 B2G003G204898.246m0.002 B3G003G206554.672m0.004 B4G220G003281.182m0.002 B34G003G220281.195m0.001 B5G203G204249.477m0.000 B6G203G206452.707m0.001 B12G203G206452.699m0.003 B7G220G203684.610m0.003 B14G220G203684.614m0.001 B8G204G2066

38、02.104m0.003 B9G220G204760.339m0.002 B13G203G207521.930m0.001 B15G206G205270.662m0.004 B16G207G205236.854m0.000 B28G207G205236.803m0.002 B17G220G205417.234m0.001 B18G207G206239.466m0.004 B20G207G220194.524m0.002 B21G001G00247.911m0.002 B22G001G205472.797m0.003 B23G207G001655.565m0.003 B24G001G219873

39、.315m0.001 B25G205G002495.312m0.000 B26G207G002665.526m0.002 B27G219G002848.954m0.002 B29G219G205736.021m0.000 B30G219G207583.172m0.001 B31G003G209386.293m0.001 B32G003G211699.561m0.003 B33G212G003507.438m0.001 B35G211G209327.081m0.001 B52G211G209327.073m0.002 B36G212G209480.592m0.000 B37G209G220564

40、.895m0.002 B80G220G209564.916m0.003 B38G212G211568.905m0.002 B45G211G212568.903m0.003 B39G211G220890.095m0.003 B40G212G220788.552m0.003 B41G004G211448.031m0.000 B42G004G212423.143m0.001 B84G212G004423.138m0.001 B51G209G210408.078m0.004 B61G210G209408.071m0.003 B68G209G210408.078m0.000 B54G209G216836

41、.690m0.003 B63G216G209836.703m0.003 B69G209G216836.697m0.004 B55G211G210392.897m0.002 B57G216G210435.549m0.000 B71G210G216435.552m0.001 B59G211G216715.241m0.002 B64G209G218982.980m0.002 B78G218G209982.987m0.003 B65G218G210727.270m0.001 B66G218G216748.499m0.001 B67G218G217537.844m0.001 B70G209G217105

42、0.042m0.000 B72G210G217654.199m0.003 B73G216G217353.598m0.000 B74G206G209842.503m0.004 B75G218G206990.409m0.002 B76G219G206477.061m0.000 B79G219G209657.564m0.001 B81G219G218537.182m0.003 B82G220G218955.469m0.000 B83G220G219423.038m0.003 B85G213G004241.000m0.001 B88G213G212434.004m0.000 B91G213G21559

43、8.475m0.000 B89G215G212780.409m0.004 B49G215G212780.400m0.004 B86G215G004395.598m0.001 B44G215G004395.573m0.003 B62G215G209756.830m0.004 B53G215G209756.818m0.001 B60G215G216913.724m0.000 B58G215G211447.862m0.001 B47G215G211447.852m0.002 B56G215G210771.275m0.003 2）约束平差基线向量改正数统计表一 高程改正改正数值4mm8mm10mm11

44、mm14mm18mm19mm其他基线条数42413310表二 距离改正改正数值1mm2mm3mm4mm5mm6mm基线条数075330相邻点距离中误差统计表一 相邻点距离中误差统计中误差/mm123456数目/条075330表二 相邻点距离中误差明细观测从点到点观测距离后验误差B36WH13WH15342.046m.002mB26WH04WH05173.005m.002mB19WH15WH04141.472m.002mB25WH04WH15141.472m.002mB34WH11WH12182.741m.002mB32WH11WH12182.741m.002mB21WH15WH13342.046m.002mB28WH06WH05157.596m.003mB20WH15WH05307.959m.003mB30WH13WH0572.844m.003mB24WH04WH13220.966m.003mB27WH04WH13220.966m.003mB31WH06WH14308.938m.004mB22WH04WH11531.985m.004mB23WH04WH12573.895m.004mB35WH12WH14560.327m.005mB29WH05WH14187.9