英语句子成分详解

1、英语句子成分简析 英语句子成分1、 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 主要成分： 句子成分 次要成分：2、 各成分分析（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句等表示。例如：1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （ ）2. We often speak English in class.（

2、 ）3. Forty sounds similar to fourteen. （ ）4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）5. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（ ）6. Smoking does harm to the health.（ ）7. The rich should help the poor.（ ）8. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ）9. It is necessar

3、y that he should attend the meeting tomorrow. ( )10. That he is all-round stirs the interest of all the judges. ( )（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词或动词短语在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。例如：1. We come. 2. Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3. They have learned three English songs already.4. We h

4、ave been looking forward to his visit.5. He is a student.6. He looks quite happy today.注：系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份，状态和性质特征等。系动词可分为以下六类：1） 状态系动词：be He is ill. He is a student.2) 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, last. He always keep silent at the meeting. Eggs can stay fresh for a long time in the fridge.3) 表象系动词

5、：seem, appear, look He seems (to be) very sad.4) 感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound This kind of cloth feels very soft. This dish tastes delicious.5) 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, go, get. He went crazy. Leaves tun green in spring. 6) 终止系动词：prove, turn out The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a succ

6、ess. （三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句表示。例如：1. Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）2. Is it yours?（ ）3. The weather has turned cold.（ ）4. The speech is exciting.（ ）5. The cup is broken. ( )6. Three times seven i

7、s twenty one?（ ）7. His job is to teach English.（ ）8. The question is when and where to go for a picnic. ( )9. His job is teaching English.（ ）10. The machine must be out of order.（ ）11. The meeting is of great importance. ( )12. Time is up. The class is over.（ ）13. Are they in? ( ) 14. The truth is t

8、hat he has never been abroad.（ ）15. The question is when and where we will go for a picnic. ( )（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。（不及物动词动词没有宾语）宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词短语和从句。例如：1. They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（ ）2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（ ）3. How

9、many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ）4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）5. He pretended not to see me.（ ）6. Alice thinks it interesting to swim with her sister. （）7. I enjoy listening to popular music.（）8. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（）9. I dont know where th

10、e sports meeting will be held. ( )双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （ ）是直接宾语，( )是间接宾语。总结：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如give, pass, tell等，这两个宾语通常一个是人，一个是物，其中_是直接宾语，_是间接宾语。常见的这类及物动词有：1） To: give, pass, tell, write, send, show, hand, bring, lend.2） For: buy, cook, order, choose.（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直

11、接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：1)某些及物动词如make等+宾语+宾补 2)with/leave+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：1. His father named him Tom.（ ）2. We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. ( )3. They painted their boat white.（ ）4. I find it very interesting to listen to some music. ( )5.

12、 Let the fresh air in.（ ）6. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（ ）7. The teacher asked the students to close the windows. ( )8. We saw her entering the room.（ ）9. I saw a cat running across the road. ( )10. He found his house broken into when he got home. ( )11. I had my car repaired yest

13、erday. ( )12. We found everything in the lab in good order.（ ）13. Did you see him under the tree alone. ( )14. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）With的复合结构：with +宾语+宾语补足语（宾补通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词和不定式六种形式）1. He is used to sleeping with the door open. ( )2. With her parents dead, th

14、e girl had to left school. ( )3. Mary left the room with all the lights on. （ ）4. With his parents away, Tom became more naughty. ( )5. With a book in his hand, the teacher walked in. ( )6. The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. ( )7. With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter

15、. ( )8. With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy. ( )9. With the work done, she felt greatly relieved. ( )10. He looks much younger with his hair cut. ( )11. With so much work to do, i have no time to play. ( )12. With her to go with us, we are sure to have a pleasant journey. ( )（六）定

16、语：限定或修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由形容词、名词、代词、副词、数词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语和从句等表示：1. Guiling is a beautiful city.（ ）2. There are thirty women teachers in our school. （ ）3. This is a pencil box. （ ）4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）5. The best boy here is Tom. （ ）6. The box there is quite hea

17、vy. （ ）7. Two students need two pens. （ ）8. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） 9. The broken cup isnt mine. （ ）10. Do you know the girl standing under the tree? （ ）11. I want to apply for the position advertised in the yesterdays newspaper. （ ）12. The smiling boy liked

18、 the pen bought by his mother. （ ）13. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）14. There is nothing to do today. （ ）15. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）16. The boy in blue is Tom. （ ）17. The boy you will know is Tom. （ ）18. There are five boys who will play th

19、e game. （ ）19. The girl who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （ ）注意：1）形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词和单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。 2）形容词修饰不定代词some, any, no.及something, anything, everyone.时放其后。 3）else常做后置定语。 4）介词短语、动词不定式、动词现在分词短语和过去分词短语及定语从句常做后置定语。（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：1.

20、Light travels most quickly.（ ）2. He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（ ）4. He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）5. Wait a minute.（ ）6. Once you begin, you must continue.（ ） 状语种类如下：1）时间状语 How about meeting again at six

21、? The train had left before we got to the railway station. It was then that I recognize him at the airport.2)原因状语（because of, due to, as a result of, because, since, as, now that.） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. Since all of us are here, lets begin our meeting. Havin

22、g finished my homework, I went out to play football. 3)条件状语 I shall go there if it doesnt rain. If I were you, I wouldnt say that. I wont come unless Im invited. 4)地点状语 Mr Smith lives on the third floor. We, young people, should go where there are alot of difficulties. 5)方式状语 I will go to visit the

23、museum by bike this Sunday. He looked at me strangely.5)伴随状语 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. The children came into the classroom, singing and laughing.6)目的状语(in order to/ so as to/ to, in order that/so that) To/In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. I must work harder so as to/in order to/to catch up with others. I must work harder in order that/so that I can catch up with others. In order that I can catch up with others, I must work harder.7)结果状语(so that, so.that, such.that) He was so tired that he f