2012考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)

1、UNIT SIXTEXT ONEMaintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotma

2、il, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts.Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market.

3、 Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical universitys in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service g

4、ave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsofts Windows Live edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminat

5、ing another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money th

6、rough advertising, runs at a loss.But what money they dont make at the moment willthe companies hopepay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Googles Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-b

7、ased formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldnt afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them.Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, wit

8、h privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologie

9、s like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microso

10、ft and Google projects.The price tagor lack of oneisnt a bad sales pitch either. Ramin Sedehi, the vice dean for finance and administration at Penn, says 30 percent of Penns students already forward their messages to outside clients, and he predicts universities will eventually be out of the E-mail

11、hosting business altogether. Ball State University and the Indiana University Alumni Association are now on Windows Live, and Arizona State University switched to Google Apps in October 2006, already converting at least 40,000 of its 65,000 students to the new system. Penn State University and Calif

12、ornia Polytechnic State University, to name two, have been in talks, while other schools are watching and waiting.1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_A the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.B the information-technology director is not the expert in providing

13、IT-related assistance.C the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.D there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_A they want to cater to the r

14、equirements of their clients. B they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.C they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.D they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Goole and Micro

15、soft in hosting accounts of alumni is _A that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.B that they can retain every account at customers wish.C that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.D that they can keep every account fro free in a long term.4. The two giants pe

16、rsist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_A they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.B it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education. C their strategy is to make profit throu

17、gh advertisement to university alumni. D they want the students to propagandize for their projects.5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_ A lose.B abandon.C exchange.Dwaste.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。第一段讲述大学自己经营电邮系统的缺陷；第二段讲述外包电邮系统的优点；第三段讲述外包商的策略；第四段讲述外包存在的一些问题；第五段讲

18、述目前大学电邮系统外包的情况。词汇注释: bane n. 祸害；害人精unwieldy adj. 难操纵的, 难控制的exponentially adv. 指数地，幂数地gizmo n. 小玩意儿，小发明spam n. 兜售信息邮件，广告，新闻，文章 dividend n. 红利shuffle out of v. 笨拙地脱下alumni n. 毕业生, 校友relinquish v.放弃难句突破：(1) Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student compla

19、ints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer.主体句式 Severs are, and the number has grown结构分析 这是一个并列句，后面分句结构比较复杂；该分句是带有as引导的原因状语从句的复杂句，前面in the past several years是状语。句子译文在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商

20、如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。(2) Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budget

21、s for these Microsoft and Google projects.主体句式 Most university IT managers agree that and praise has done 结构分析 这是一个并列句。前面的分句以that引导的宾语从句中，protecting 是现在分词结构作前面job的定语；后面的分句to引导的是目的状语。句子分析 但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。题目分析: 1. The number of

22、student complaints has grown exponentially because_1. 学生抱怨的数量急剧增加是因为A the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.A 学校的服务器难控制、不稳定。B the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.B 信息技术主任不是能够提供IT相关帮助的专家。C the internal E-mail systems are much more backward

23、 than those commercially successful email systems.C 内部电邮系统与那些商业上非常成功邮件系统相比要落后得多。D there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.D 内部电邮系统没有协作工具。答案C难度分析 分析 推理题。文章第一段提到随着不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail不断更新电邮的服务项目，学生的抱怨越来越多，可以看出，学生抱怨数量的增多是因为相对于学校之外那些商业上非常成功的电邮系统，内部电邮系统跟不上进步。因此，选项C最为符合题意。A选

24、项也有一定道理，但是不如C选项概括精确。B和D选项很显然不是主要的原因。2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_2. 微软和谷歌提供给学校的电邮系统上没有广告是因为_A they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.A 他们想迎合客户的要求。B they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.B 他们得到了学校提供的资金，因

25、此没有必要从广告中赚取收入。C they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.C 他们想要建立一个特别的社区，使人们对他们一生都忠诚地使用他们的系统。D they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.D 他们在目前想要维护该系统的稳定。答案 A难度分析 分析 细节题。文章在第二段提到这两大巨头将各自的广告项目都从该系统移除了，这是为了照顾教育家们的担忧，那么可以推断，是因为教育家担忧学校系统有广告会影响教育，因此两个公司才有这样

26、的举措，所以他们主要是为了迎合客户的需求。因此选项中A最为符合题意。C选项有一定道理，而且在文章第三段中也有提到终生用户，但是这只是一个长远的想法，并不是本问题的直接原因。3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Google and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _3. 和大学相比, 谷歌和微软在保存毕业生记录方面的优势是_A that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.A 可以以最低的费用保存任何纪录。B

27、that they can retain every account at customers wish.B 可以根据客户的需要保留每份纪录。C that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.C 可以以客户希望的任何时长来保存每份记录。D that they can keep every account for free in a long term.D 可以长期免费保存每份记录。答案 C难度分析 分析 细节题。文章第三段提到在以前大学自己的网络上，不能保存那么多学生的纪录，而这两大巨头却可以无限期地保存这

28、些记录，只要客户需要就能以这种方式将客户保留住。可以，其优势是可以无限期地保存每一份记录。选项C中as long as the customers want就是文章中indefinitely这个词语的意思，因此为正确答案。至于是否收费还是免费、以及是否会考虑客户的需求，这在文章中都没有提及。4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_3. 两大巨头即使在亏损也坚持要提供电邮系统，这是因为_A they believe they will have goo

29、d returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.A 他们相信未来的终身用户会给他们带来好的回报。B it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.B 通过为教育作贡献来回报社会是他们的社会责任。C their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni. C 他们的战略是通过对大学校友打广告来盈

30、利。D they want the students to propagandize for their projects.D 他们希望学生可以帮助宣传他们的项目。答案 A难度分析 分析 细节题。文章第二段提到两大巨头在亏本为高校提供电邮系统服务，第三段开头就指出它们希望，现在没有赚到的钱会在将来以终身用户的形式来给与它们回报。可见，他们这样做的目的是为了培养终生客户。因此，答案A最为符合题意。B选项在文章中并没有提及任何社会责任，属于无中生有。关于C选项，虽然文章中提到了他们的长远目标是留住大学校友客户，但是并没有提到通过向他们打广告盈利。D选项显然也是错误的，两家公司并没有计划让学生们帮忙

31、宣传。5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_4. “relinquish”这个词（第四段第二行）最有可能表示的意思是_A lose.A 失去。B abandon.B 放弃。C exchange.C 交换。D waste.D 浪费。答案B难度分析 分析根据上下文，并不是所有的学校都打算外包服务，批评家也担心如果将电邮转让出去，大学可能就要放弃保证信息安全的自由。从also这个词可以看出来，relinquish和hand over应该类似，是主动的，那么答案中B最为贴切。A有被动失去的意思。参考译文: 长

32、期以来，维护内部电子邮件系统一直是大学信息技术主任最头疼的问题。服务器难以控制、稳定性差，在过去的几年中，学生抱怨的数量呈指数增长，而不断进步的供应商如雅虎邮件、Hotmail、Gmail更多考虑电子邮件能提供什么服务。许多学校的解决办法就是举起白旗，将电邮交给外面的专家打理。拥有Hotmail的微软，谷歌（Gmail）是教育电邮市场最大的玩家。外包系统除了有灵巧的辅助小工具（如收发消息、日历和协作工具），该系统更加稳定，有更好的广告过滤器, 并提供比大学传统的内部系统更大的存储空间。在宾西法尼亚大学，老电邮服务为学生提供60m的存储，是Windows Live现在提供的2G空间的3%。但是谷

33、歌和微软都不收费，起码从金钱上或是短期来说是这样的。微软的Windows Live edu以及谷歌的教育应用版对于学校是免费的。这两个科技巨头还除去了另外一项收入来源，即将各自的广告服务去除，以免去教育家的担忧。微软甚至中断了这项业务（其在即时消息那样的非电邮服务上运营广告），而几乎完全靠广告获得收入的谷歌公司现在正亏损运行。但是虽然他们现在没有赚到的钱，这些公司希望在未来通过终身用户的形式获得巨大的红利，谷歌的Jeff Kelter这样说。一旦毕业典礼结束，学生们就会看到自己的电邮转为传统的基于广告的Gmail和 Hotmail了。和以前不同的是，如果大学应付不了成千上万的校友，谷歌和微软可

34、以无限期地保留每个人的纪录，他们有需求就可以一直保留用户身份。但是并不是所有的学校都打算将自己的技术工作外包，隐私和安全问题是他们最为关心的。批评者认为如果将电邮的职责交出去的话，学校也就放弃了以他们认为合适的方法保证信息安全的自由。即使在业界，对于诸如谷歌Apps这样的用户技术也存在很大的怀疑。但是大多大学IT负责人认为比起他们自己的小型程序，外包可以更好地保护个人邮件免受病毒和广告的侵扰，而学生们对这些系统的口头赞扬已经为微软和谷歌的项目补充了那些几乎不存在的市场预算。价格标签或者没有也不是一个坏的销售方式。宾西法尼亚大学财务和管理副主任Ramin Sedehi称30%的学生已经将他们的信

35、息转给外部委托人，他预计大学最终将完全脱离自主电邮行业。鲍尔州立大学和印第安纳大学校友会使用Windows Live，而亚利桑那州州立大学2006年10月开始使用谷歌Apps，目前已经将至少65000名学生中的40000名转移到了新系统上。宾西法尼亚州州立大学和加利福尼亚工艺州立大学已经在商谈中，而其他学校都在观望和等待。TEXT TWOChina makes computers, but imports most of its chips. India makes drugs, but copies almost all of the compounds; it writes softwar

36、e, but rarely owns the result. The bolder claims made for all three industries thus have a similar, hollow ring. They have flourished, but mostly on the back of other countries technology. “We are not at the stage of Intel Inside,” admits Arvind Atignal of Clinigene, a clinical-research firm, drawin

37、g his own analogy between desktops and drugs. “We are the keyboard, screens and peripherals.”How much does this matter? Joseph Xie of SMIC, the Chinese chipmaker, spent seven years working inside Intel. Its strategy, he says, was simple: “get there first; make most of the money; let the second guy g

38、et the change.” That is certainly one way to run a technology firm. But competing in that race is expensive and exhausting. Few of Intels rivals still try to keep up with it, nanometre by nanometre.Countries of Chinas and Indias heft and ambition cherish the idea of pushing back the limits of techno

39、logy. But that push is risky, costly, frustrating work. A country shouldnt do it unless it has to. Although China and India could devote their considerable intellectual resources to solving the problems faced by economies on the technological frontier, why cross that bridge until you reach it? Seen

40、in this light, Indias generic drugmakers are models not laggards. They invest in just enough know-how to exploit the rest of the worlds discoveries. Thanks to them, Indians enjoy some of the worlds cheapest medicines. Under the WTOs Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS), India

41、 has ceded the right to free-ride foreign advances. It now grants 20 years of patent protection to inventions hatched after 1995. In return, it hopes tighter laws will inspire Indians to new exploits in innovation, and reassure foreigners wary of inventing or making original products in the country.

42、The tougher laws may yet succeed. A recent study by Bruce Abramson of the World Bank expresses high hopes. A “patent chic” is already detectable in the country, he reports. He has even heard of Indian farmers calling lawyers in the hope of patenting their prize vegetables.But, as yet, the new regime

43、 has not proved its worth. Over 17,000 patent applications were filed in India in 2004-05, almost 40% more than the year before. But only 3,500 were by Indians. Of the 49 most prolific filers in the past decade, 44 are either foreign companies or subsidiaries. Of the five Indian firms, all are eithe

44、r government-sponsored institutes or generic-drug companies, which did fine before TRIPS.The new regime will be costly to run, if India takes it seriously. But the larger cost lies in the opportunities for unabashed imitation that India has now forgone. These lost opportunities might be quite big. H

45、ad Indian firms been prevented from copying fluoroquinolones, for example, the Indian public would have been worse off by the equivalent of $255m a year, reckons a study of the antibiotics market by Shubham Chaudhuri of the World Bank, Pinelopi Goldberg of Yale and Panle Jia of the Massachusetts Ins

46、titute of Technology.1. Arvind Atignal draws an analogy between desktops and drugs because_A both of them have a similar prospect in China and India. B both industries in India are still lacking core technology.C drug-making in India is like making peripherals for desktops.D the two industries have

47、a similar operation in India.2. The idea maintained by countries like China and India is _A to do the best they could.B to solve the technological problems to the best of their ability. C to go beyond the limits of technology.D to do what they have to. 3. India has ceded the right to free-ride forei

48、gn advances because_A it wants to push back the limits of technology.B it is in accordance with TRIPS.C it wants to inspire Indians to making innovation.D it wants to protect the inventions by the foreigners.4. From the data of the sixth paragraph, it can be inferred that_A the tougher laws are not

49、successful since it failed to raise Indians enthusiasm for patents.B Indians are not so inventive as the foreign counterparts measured by patent application.C Indians inventions are negligible because most firms are funded by the government and thus lack incentive.D Indians are still left behind in

50、inventions even under the system that encourage patenting.5. Towards the future of the new regime, the authors attitude can be said to be_A pessimistic.B optimistic. C dubious.D objective.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍印度在技术发明创造方面的情况。第一、二段讲述印度在科技核心发明方面的特点；第三段讲述印度在该方面实施策略的逻辑；第四段讲述印度为改变发明专利方面现状采取的一些措施；第五段讲述严格的法律并没有明显效果；第

51、六段讲述印度在发明专利方面还很落后；第七段讲述采取这样措施的弊端。词汇注释：nanometre n. 毫微米heft n. 影响laggard n. 落后者 cede v. 放弃free-ride n. 不付出正常努力就能得到的东西 难句突破：(1) Although China and India could devote their considerable intellectual resources to solving the problems faced by economies on the technological frontier, why cross that bridg

52、e until you reach it?主体句式 Although China and India couldwhy cross 结构分析这是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，条件状语从句中，devoteto是一个固定结构，to后跟的是动名词；主句是一个反疑疑问句。句子译文 尽管中国和印度能够投入他们可观的智力资源来解决经济在技术前沿遇到的经济问题，那为什么不在碰到问题时再跨越这座桥呢？(2) Had Indian firms been prevented from copying fluoroquinolones, for example, the Indian public would have been worse off by t