中考英语复习 题型解读集训篇 题型五 阅读理解

1、题型五 阅读理解,阅读理解采用不同的命题方式从不同的角度考查学生准确获得信息及综合运用英语的能力。其具有文体多样、题材各异、生活化、知识化等特点。 近年来阅读篇目题材形式有如下特征： 1科技小品：介绍科普知识、科研动态以及科技成果的开发、特点、用途等等。 2说理小品：有理论，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维、缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点,考纲解读,3新闻报道：这类文章有非常鲜明的特点： ( l )主题突出。文章的第一句话或第一段即是对整 篇文章的高度概括。以下各句（各段）才是详细介绍（节选段落除外）。 ( 2 )要点明显。写作要点即五个“W”(when，whe

2、re，who，what，which)的表述一目了然。但命题往往不会几点俱全，而需要学生依据自己提供的几个“W”，以及各W”之间的联系去推出未知的“W”，同时也不排除对细节问题的理解,4人物传记：以叙述某个人物的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、成长或奋斗历程等为主。 5短篇故事：与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是一件具体的事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事情。 6史地文化：涉及某个（或几个）国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择,7幽默小品：这类文章是对社会生活

3、、人的性格特 点，行为举止的某些可笑的特征进行喜剧性描绘的特殊 文体。特别要把握文章的最后几句，分析它们与上文的 对应关系，找出文章的“幽默点”。 8图形表格：无文字表述，或只有少量的文字表述， 要求学生依据所提供的图表进行理解、答题,考情回顾 安徽中考阅读理解文体主要有记叙文、说明文和应用文，材料的话题以生活常识、日常生活、文化风俗、人物介绍、科普知识为主。 安徽中考阅读理解考查方式以细节理解题为主，还设置有推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、数字计算题、标题归纳题和作者意图推测题。 2015年开始安徽中考新增了任务型阅读理解。题型为根据短文内容回答问题。共设3小题。预测2017年安徽中考还

4、会有系类的任务型阅读题。题量、设题不会有大的调整,中考解题技巧,同学们在做阅读理解时，可遵循以下三个原则。 第一步，快速阅读短文。以便对全文有一个整体了解，注意那些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写作的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些生词可以通过上下文推测其含义,第二步，认真逐题作答。读完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可以直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速浏览全文，仔细分析思考，将相似的答案对照原文反复比较，推敲，选出最佳答案。

5、第三步，检查答案。做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查答案是否有误。如果有不确定的，不要随意更改答案，一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正,一、选择型阅读理解解题技巧 1.细节（理解）题 细节（理解）题是针对文章的某个细节而设的题目，解题时可根据文章某一处或某几处细节来答题。细节题在文中可以直接找到答案。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what)、时间( when) 、地点(where)、原 因（why)，结果(effect)等,例题： Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven. His father ow

6、ned a clothes store, and Carlton used to work there at the weekend. Then he did a design course at college. When he was 21, someone suggested doing a TV program. He made his first show “Carltons Clothes” in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year. （ ）How old was Carlton when he wrote his

7、first book? A. 11 . B.21 . C. 24. D. 25,C,解析：根据“Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven.”和“He made his first show Carltons Clothes in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year.”这两处细节可知作者写第一本书的年龄是20041980=24（岁)。 点拨：答题时，先弄清题干要求，带着问题回读文章，浏览查找所需的信息。重点注意事件发生的时间、地点、人物、数

8、字等具体信息，同时注意命题者为迷惑而在选项上变换一种说法,2、推理判断题 推理判断题属于主观题，是难度较高的题目。推理判断题的答案无法在文章中直接找到。这类题目要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的深层的意思，也就是通过文字信息、上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出文章没有直接表达的信息。 l推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有： (1) The purpose in writing this text is to (2) The author write this passage to_,2推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有： (1) Which of th

9、e following is true according to the passage？ (2) Whats the writers opinion about? (3) What can we learn from the passage? 3推断文章出处的设题形式有： (1)Where can we read the passage? (2)The passage is most likely to be taken from,例题： So is there a connection(联系) between traditional tattoos（文身） and fashionable

10、tattoos? And can you call tattoos a fashion? Chris Rainier is an expert in tattoos and his book Ancient Marks has photos of tattoos from all over the world. He thinks people in modern societies often have tattoos because they are a connection to the traditional world. But tattoos arent a fashion lik

11、e clothes or a haircut because you cant put them on and take them off again like a jacket or a hat. They are permanent (永久的) and for life,Whats the writers opinion about tattoos? A. Tattoos are religious in modern societies. B. Tattoos connect tradition with fashion. C. Tattoos are a fashion among f

12、amous people. D. Tattoos show information about a persons hobby. 解析：根据文中“He thinks people in modern societies often have tattoos because they are a connection to the traditional world.”可知答案选B。 点拨： 推理时我们必须忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据。不可妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点,3、词义猜测题 词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识、语言结构及生活常识和经验等的综合

13、理解去猜测或推断单词或短语的意义。词义猜测题一般为推断生词词义和猜测熟词新义的能力，一般常见的设题形式有以下两种： 1. What does the underlined word“”mean? 2.What does the underlined word“指示代词”refer to,例题： In many countries, tattoos are in fashion (时尚). On TV you can often see a famous actor or musician with a tattoo on his arm or foot. Many sports players

14、 have them, too. In the US, tattoos are very popular. Forty percent of Americans aged between 26 and 40 have a tattoo, and 60 percent of customers in US tattoo parlors are women. These people are often professional people like doctor, teachers and lawyers. 题目：What does the underlined word “parlors”

15、mean? A. School. B. Stores. C. Hospitals. D. Theaters,解析：分析句子结构可知 in US tattoo parlors是介词短语作后置定语修饰customers，由此可推知Parlors是与买卖关系有关的地点名词。所以答案选B。 点拨：应根据词语所处的具体语境，运用如同义词、反义词、举例、或定义等信息推测词义也可运用构词法及语法知识和生活常识与经验等知识,4.主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查对文章或段落的中心思想的理解。主旨大意的题型主要有：选择最佳标题、概括段落大意、指明写作目的等。 一般而言，文章或段落的开头或结尾会有主题句，其他内容都是

16、围绕主题句展开的。做主旨大意题的关键是找到主题句并进行概括。其主要设题方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the passage? 2. Whats the main idea of the passage? 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2,例题： At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a blank coat, but at home, or when he goes out, he wears clothes with bright colo

17、rs (red, blue and yellow). He is especially crazy about new glasses, he buys a new pair every few weeks. “I like to look different every day,” he says. 题目：What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A. Carlton likes to look different. B. Carlton is a hardworking person. C. Carlton is crazy about new glass

18、es. D. Carlton loves wearing colorful clothes,解析：根据这一段最后一句“I like to look different every day, he says.”及段落主要讲他在工作时穿黑色衣服，外出或是在家时穿亮颜色的衣服，戴眼镜可知他想要看起来与众不同。 答案：A,二、选句子补全短文型阅读 1.利用关键词解题 语篇中的关键词可分为中心词、或是表示并列、对比、转折、因果关系、时间的先后关系与空间关系、列举与例证等逻辑概念的过渡词语。如later，then，nearby，firstly，next，last，but，however，though，be

19、cause，for 等。尤其要注意上下文中重复出现的关键词语、语义相近、相反或语义之间有包含关系的词,2.利用照应关系解题 英语文章中常使用照应来连句成篇。照应通常利用人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和限定词来完成。 3.排比关系解题 英语文章中常使用结构一致的句式来使文章节奏匀称。所以，七选五的阅读理解选与上下文结构相同的句子常常是解题的关键,题型专项训练,2016江西中考) Humans Greatest Achievements The Earth is 4.5 billion years old, but the human race has lived on it for just 20

20、0,000 years. In that short time, we have achieved some amazing things. 76 The list is almost endless. The invention of the airplane has changed our lives. The discovery of antibiotics (抗生素) has saved the lives of millions of people. Can you imagine living without electricity? What about the printing

21、 press (印刷术)? Without the printing press, you wouldnt be reading this. In the last 50 years, there have been great achievements in communication, such as radio, TV, computers, the Internet, and smartphones (智能手机) . 77,What about the arts? The arts have brought pleasure to many people, but are the Be

22、atles and Bach more important than antibiotics? 78 Finally, we must not forget humans early achievements. 79 We cant imagine modern life without cooked food and cars. What are humans greatest achievements? To answer the question, we need to decide what we mean by “great”. 80 Or is it just something

23、that makes us say “Wow,” like the Great Wall? What do you think,A. Do you think it is difficult to have great achievements? B. Is it something that makes us rich or happy or save lives? C. We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use. D. They used fire for cooking and heating and inv

24、ented the wheel. E. Many of humans great achievements are in science and technology. F. And is Mickey Mouse as important an achievement as going to space? G. We could probably live without them, but life wouldnt be as interesting,76.E 解析：根据上下文可知空格处是一个承上启下的句子。 E选项的many与下文的endless 语义上有照应关系。 77.G 解析：根据

25、第二段多次出现的without可知答案选G。 78.F 解析：空格前是一个疑问句，是讲艺术方面的成就与科技方面成就的对比。根据关键词important也可知答案。 79.D 解析：与下文中提到的做饭和车有关的只有D选项。 80 B 解析：根据下文的“or”可知前面也是一个一般疑问句,What should you do if theres an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede (踩踏)? March 25 this year provides you wit

26、h a good chance to learn about safety. This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students ( NDESEMSS)（全国中小学生安全教育日）The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe. A survey done by the C

27、hina Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else . The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes , fires and sports injuries(伤害). What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm(镇静) is the first and most

28、 important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice,2016年南充,A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets. the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something , or stay

29、in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your legs. Earthquakes are common natural disasters(灾难 ).When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should st

30、ay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, dont stay near buildings, trees or power lines. When theres a fire, follow the teachers instructions , leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you dont breathe in smoke,) l. Whats the theme of NDESEMSS this year? A. To give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe. B. To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they ea