高中英语-语法-句子结构-简单句ppt课件

1、简单句 句型结构,主-系-表,Superman is a hero. Superman is a great hero. Superman is powerful. Superman is very powerful. Superman looks cool,系动词,1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。 He is a teacher. We were children. What he said was true,2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。 He always kept silent at

2、 meeting. This matter remained a mystery,3）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste seem, appear, look 。 This kind of cloth feels soft. This flower smells very sweet. He seems very sad,4）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after his father died. Sh

3、e grew rich within a short time,5）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。 The research proved difficult. His plan turned out a success,主谓（不及物动词,We talked. We talked in English. We talked happily. We talked you. We talked to you. 我们与你谈话。 We talked about you. 我们谈关于你的事。 We talked of you.我们说起

4、你,主-谓（及物动词）-宾,I miss you. We will call you. 主-谓-宾-宾语补足语 We will call you Kitty. We made you the president. His parents want Tommy to be honest. I find the work difficult. Dont consider him a bad man,主-谓-间宾-直宾,I wrote a letter. I wrote him a letter. Mom, could you buy a bike? Mom, could you buy me a

5、bike? 区分：Shall I call you Kitty? Shall I call you a taxi,宾补,直宾,EXERCISES,The bicycle seems nice. The brand new bicycle seems very nice. We saw a movie. We saw an exciting movie yesterday. The twins live here. The twins live in a big city,主系表,定语,状语,主谓宾,定语,状语,主谓(不及物)+状语,定语,Dont tell the truth. Dont te

6、ll him the truth. I saw an angel. I saw an angel smiling. I saw an angel smiling in the sky. I saw a beautiful angel smiling in the sky,主)谓宾,间接宾语,主谓宾,宾语补足语,状语,定语,The angel gave me a smile. Suddenly, the angel gave me a big smile. Eating a strawberry is an experience. What he said sounds crazy. I don

7、t know whats in his stupid mind,主谓+双宾,状语,定语,主系表,主系表,主谓宾,HOMEWORK,以下附其它参考课件内容,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. Whether we can finish the job is still unknown,谓语,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,They

8、are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English,1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune se

9、t us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质,及物动词与不及物动词,2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如： Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言,3)兼作及

10、物动词和不及物动词 :英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况： a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动

11、词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗,总而言之，一个动词后面如果可以接宾语就是及物动词。如果后面不可以接宾语就是不及物动词。在英语中绝大部分动词，既可以用做及物动词，也可以用做不及物动词,绝对及物或不及物的动词是很少的。如: He studies English very hard. (study 后有宾语English所以是及物动词) He studies hard. (study后没有宾语所以是不及物动词) They have

12、 reached Beijing. (reach是绝对及物的动词，所以后面一定接宾语) When will you go there?(go是绝对不及物的动词，后面不可以接名词或代词，只可以接副词。如果要接名词或者代词的话，要使用介词)如: When will you go to school,表语,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach

13、English. Seeing is believing,系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语,1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.

14、他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜,3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心,4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel,

15、smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香,5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了,6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,

16、turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果,宾语,宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this

17、afternoon. I think that he is good guy,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my

18、name called,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词

19、，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool,一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak E

20、nglish. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill,二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the sub

21、ject,三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe,四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take

22、 the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus,五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too f

23、ast,With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon ga

24、ve far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be Upstairs at dusk (when the window was open). 4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wi