高考英语阅读长难句的分类与解析PPT课件

1、1,高考英语阅读长难句的 分类与解析,2,高考英语阅读文章中往往会有一些长难句，这些长难句常常是考题所要考查的对象，也是考生理解文章的一大障碍。针对长难句，要学会利用语法知识中的句法知识来理解，先判断句子的主干部分，而对于句子的修饰、补充成分，可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再来理解修饰、补充成分。同时，句子中的标点符号也是一个很重要的判断依据，要充分利用标点符合，帮助我们判断句子的主干和修饰成分。根据长难句的结构，我们可以把长难句分为：环环相扣式、并列式、插入语式和改变语序式,3,一、环环相扣式这类句子往往有多重句子修饰成分，这些修饰成分往往用非谓语动词或从句充当。在阅读过程中，对

2、于这类句式应当先找到句子的主干，然后再看修饰成分。 二、并列式有时候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语等，这些并列结构往往有连词连接。在解读这类句式时，要注意利用连词和标点符号来判断并列部分,4,三、插入语式有些句子在中间会用逗号或破折号分开，而处于逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为插入语。阅读时，要先将插入语部分跳过，先读主句，然后再读插入语部分。 四、改变语序式有时候，有些句子会使用改变语序的手段，主要以强调结构和倒装来使句子复杂化。正确掌握强调句型和倒装语法是理解这类句型的关键,5,1.Their study found that theobromine，foun

3、d in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not nece

4、ssarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine_. A.cannot be as effective as codeine B.can be harmful to peoples healthC.cannot

5、 be separated from chocolateD.can be a more effective cure for coughs,D,6,Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present. 译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之

6、一,7,The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treatin

7、g this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes. 在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步,8,2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that rea

8、ches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet. 题目:Only a small part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_. A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere B.reflected by the gases in the up

9、per atmosphere C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes,C,9,Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. 来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或

10、吸收,10,Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet. 在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖,11,3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Envir

11、onment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇) 72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.A.a program to help students with writingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President Bush D.a clu

12、b of environmental protection,D,12,3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.73.What can we learn about

13、 Poe?A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B.She donated billboard across the country. C.She got positive responses for her effortsD.She joined the National Park Service,C,13,73.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989

14、.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300，000名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织,14,4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2

15、008 辽宁卷C篇) 64.Why did Tom give up studying?A.He disliked his teachers.B.His parents no longer supported him. C.Its cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school,C,15,4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power o

16、f his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)译文：对他来说，不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响,16,5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many peopl

17、e，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety? A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product. B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by bu

18、siness persuasion. C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items. D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice,C,17,5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. 译文：无穷尽的选择给

19、人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了,18,Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. 对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去

20、，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品,19,6.As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elem

21、entary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood? A.She had seven brothers. B.She felt herself a nobody.C.She was too shy to go to school. D.She did not have any good teachers,B,20,As the only girl in a family of s

22、even children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. 作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一种感觉，就是她拥有“七个父亲”，原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她,21,Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in eleme

23、ntary school because she was too shy to participate. 由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故，她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书，可是在小学她的成绩不佳，因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与,22,7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat.However，the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time about eight hour

24、s after you wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?A.They eat too much for lunch.B.They sleep too little at night. C.Their body temperature becomes lower.D.The weather becomes a

25、 lot warmer,C,23,7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat.However，the real reason lies inside their bodies. 他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天，他们可能认为是炎热的缘故。然而，真正的原因在于他们身体的内部,24,At that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperat

26、ure goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.在那时，也就是说，在你醒来大约八个小时之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因,25,8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，a

27、mong whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research. 题目Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls B.More women take up jobs requiring speech ski

28、lls C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills,B,26,These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills. 大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作,27,It may all go

29、 back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research. 这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作,28,9.In those days，IP rights were easily protected since it was ve

30、ry difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However，a lot of IP，including songs，films，books and artwork，can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇) 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage? A.It makes IP rights harder to prot

31、ect.B.It sells songs and films.C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.D.It prevents the production of artwork,A,29,In those days，IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However，a lot of IP，including songs，films，b

32、ooks and artwork，can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. 译文：在那个时代，知识产权很容易受到保护，因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而，现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、电影、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载,30,10.The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be un

33、able to find time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇) 74.According to Paragraph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to _ .A.be able to work without stressB.be more talented than other peopleC.be more important than anyone else D.be busy working without ti

34、me to rest,D,31,The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.译文：我们越忙，对我们自己而言，而且我们也以为在其他人看来，我们越重要。我们无空帮助朋友，找不到时间照顾家庭，找不到自己放松的时间，这已经成为了

35、成功生活的模式,32,11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancerpeople with fair skin and freckles(雀斑)，for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen.As a result，it may appear that sunscreen use

36、rs get cancer more often. 73.People with fair skin and freckles_.A.seldom use sunscreen B.are more in danger of skin cancerC.can be free from the harm of the sunD.often expose themselves to the sun,B,33,The researchers said that one among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancerpeop