Unit4 Section B.ppt

1、,Dont eat in class.,Unit 4 Section B,Can you run in the hallways? No, we cant.,Can you go out on school nights? No, we cant.,Do you have to do your homework after school? Yes, I do.,Do you practice your guitar every day? Yes, I do.,Can you watch TV after school? No, we cant.,Match the pictures (a-h)

2、 with the rules.,c,b,d,f,h,g,e,I cant go out on school nights.,I have to do my homework after school.,I must practice your guitar before dinner.,I have to do the dishes after dinner.,I cant watch TV in the evening.,I have to help my mom make breakfast every morning.,I must clean my room every Saturd

3、ay.,on school days,after school,before dinner,after dinner,in the evening,every morning,every Saturday,a,1d Talk about the rules in Daves house.,A: Can Dave go out on school nights? B: No, he cant.,Talk about your rules,Amy: Hello, Ian. Ian: Hi, Amy. What are your rules? Amy: Well, I cant watch TV i

4、n the evening. And I cant go out on school nights. Then I have to do my homework every night. What about you? Ian: I cant play football at noon. I have to have a good rest at noon. And I cant watch TV in the evening and I have to do my homework every night. Then I have to practise guitar every day.,

5、make a report about their friends.,Report : In my group, Jim has to get up at 6:00.,Groupwork,Grammar,肯定祈使句 Sit down. Come in. Eat at home.,否定祈使句 Dont sit down. Dont come in. Dont eat at home.,祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子, 这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。,Listen to music outside. Dont l

6、isten to music outside. Do your homework at school. Dont do your homework at school.,如: Lookout!小心！ Waithereforme!在这等我！,Besuretocomehereontime! 务必准时来到这里！ 祈使句的否定形式多以donot (常缩写成dont) 开头, 再加上动词原形。,Dontarrivelateforschool. 上学别迟到。 Dontfight!别打架！ Dontlookoutofthewindow.不要向窗外看。,1.情态动词haveto的用法, 意思是“必须、不得不”

7、,它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。 (1) 结构:主语haveto动词原形其他 (一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时, 用hasto;句子是过去时, 用hadto)如： Wehavetowearsneakersforgymclass. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。 Tomhastopracticetheguitareveryday.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。 Ihadtogetupat5:00amlastMonday. 上周一我不得不早上5点起床。,Explanation,(2) 否定形式:主语donthaveto动词原形其他 (一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时, 用doesnt have t

8、o;句子是过去时, 用didnthaveto) 如: Nickdoesnthavetowearauniform. 尼克不必穿制服。 Wedidnthavetodoourhomework atonce. 我们不必马上完成作业。,(3) 疑问句: Do(Does或Did) 主语haveto动词原形其他如： Yes,Ido./No,Idont. 是的, 我必须。 不, 我不必。 Didhehavetogotobedby11:00last night? 昨晚他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？,Doyouhavetostayathomeonweekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?,2.情态动词can的用法

9、表示能力 “会, 能”,Canyouplaytheguitar? 你会弹吉它吗？ JudycanspeakalittleChinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。,Icandanceandsing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。,(2) 表示允许、许可, “可以”、“能”(在这一课中新学的词义),Wecaneatoutside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。,Canthestudentsruninthehallways?学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？,CanIcomein?我能进来吗？ 注意: 同样是情态动词, can和haveto的用法是有区别的, 和大部分情态动词一样, can在否定句中, 直接在can后加上not,

10、 在疑问句中, 把can放到主语前面, 并且没有人称和数的变化。,3.hear, listen和sound都有“听”的意思, 但三者是有区别的。 hear “听说”, 侧重于“听”的内容。,Imsorrytohearthatyouareill. 听说你生病了, 我很难过。,Listentomecarefully. 认真听我说。 Thechildrenliketolistentomusic. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。,Ineverheardsuchaninterestingstory. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。,(2) listen“听”侧重于“听”这一动作。,(3) sound“听起来”,它

11、是系动词, 后面接形容词等。 Thatsoundsgreat. 那听起来真不错。 Itsoundslikefun. 听起来挺有趣。,4.arrivelatefor与belatefor意思相近, “迟到” Dontarrive/be lateforschool. 上学别迟到。 Iarrived/was late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。,5.Notalking!“禁止交谈！”no后面加上名词或动名词(doing) 也表示不要做某事。与dont+do的用法相似。 Nowetumbrellas!/Dontputwetumbrellashere! 禁止放

12、湿雨伞！ Nofood!/Donteatfoodhere! 禁止吃食物！ Nosmoking!/Dontsmokehere! 禁止吸烟！,7. I have too many rules in my house. 我家有太多的家规。 (1) 动词have是个用法较活的词, 表示“有”, 第三人称单数形式是has。 在英国英语中, have意为“拥有”。构成疑问句时把have提到主语前面, 表示否定时,在其后面加not,可缩写为havent。如： -Have you a pen? 你有钢笔吗? -Yes, I have. But I havent a new one. 是的, 我有。但我没有新钢

13、笔。,在美国英语中, 除上述用法外, 还可以用助动词do/does 来构成疑问句和否定句。如: -Do you have a kite? 你有风筝吗? -Yes, I do. 我有。 He doesnt have anything. 他没有任何东西。,注意区别have和there be: have与there be 都可以作“有”解。 have用来表示各种关系的“所有”,身上“具有(说明人物的外观)”和整体与局部的“含有”。如: I have a good friend. 我有一位好朋友。,Has the book a red cover? 这本书的封面是红色的吗? there be表示存在的

14、关系,表示某处有某人或某物时常用这种句型。如： There are two bikes under the tree. 树下有两辆自行车。 There are forty students in our class. 我们班有四十名学生。, 当表示整体与局部的“含有”时或者是难以判断“有”是所属关系还是存在关系时, have和there be均可使用。如表示“一年有十二个月”: A year has twelve months There are twelve months in a year.,注意: 在there be结构中, 如果主语不止一个, 谓语动词往往和与之最接近的主语在数上保持一

15、致, 即我们常说的就近原则。如:,There is a pen, two pencils and four books on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔, 两支铅笔和四本书。 There are two maps and a picture on the wall. 墙上有两张地图和一幅画。,(2) too many rules “太多的规定”, 其中too many 用来修饰可数名词rules。 如: He has too many friends to meet. 他有很多朋友要见。 修饰不可数名词时, 要用too much 如: We have too much work to

16、 do. 我们有许多工作要做。,8. And I have to be in bed by ten oclock . 十点钟前我就得上床睡觉。 (1) have to表示“必须, 不得不”的意思,表示客观的需要, 后接动词原形。 dont have to表示 “不必”。,(2) have to, has to, had to的疑问句和否定句要使用借助词do, does或did 如: -What do we have to do? 我们必须做什么事? -You have to finish your homework. 你们必须完成作业。,-Do you have to come here by 8:00 tomorrow? 你们明天八点钟之前必须赶到这里吗? -Yes, we do. 是的。 -Does she wash all the clothes? 她必须