2021年职称英语等级考试阅读理解的模拟试题3

1、职称英语等级考试阅读理解的模拟试题3 关于职称英语等级考试阅读理解的模拟试题3 第4部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳的答案。 New U.S. Plan for Disease Prevention Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Hu _n Servi _s Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to

2、try to encourage munities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, can _r and diabetes. The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases- the leading causes of death in the United States - and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better _t and increased exerc

3、ise. “In the Unites States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast _jority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are cause by chronic diseases,” the Health and Hu _n Servi _s Department said in a statement. The causes are often behavioral - _oking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise

4、. “I am convin _d that preventing disease by promoting better health is a s _rt policy choi _ for our future,” Thompson told a conferen _ held to launch the initiative. “Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventab

5、le through changes in our lifestyle choi _s.” Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in xx. “These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps ne _ssary for us to lead healthier, longer l

6、ives,” he said. The $15 million is slated to go to munities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as _ as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent can _r and strokes. The money will a

7、lso go to munity organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more can _r screening. The American Can _r Society esti _tes that half of all can _rs can be caught by screenin

8、g, including Pap tests for _rvical can _r, _mmograms for breast can _r, colonoscopies, and prostate checks. If such can _rs were all caught by early screening, the group esti _tes that the survival rate for can _r would rise to 95 per _nt. diabetes 糖尿病 initiative n. 主动的行动，倡议 behavioral adj. 行为方面的 es

9、calate vi. 逐步上升；逐步增强 slate vt. 预定，规划 nutritionist n. 营养学家 _rvical adj. _颈的 _mmogram n. _X线照片 colonoscopy n. 结肠镜检查 prostate adj. 前列腺的 1. take responsibility for their health: 承担起确保自己健康的责任 2. The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases : 这一行动强调了慢性病所造成的损失 3. Pap test (= Papanicolaou test ):

10、巴氏实验（一种检查早期癌变的方法） 1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US? A) They aount for 70% of all deaths. B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs. C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles. D) They are largely preventable. 2. The author mentions all the followi

11、ng as ways of diseases prevention EXPECT A) better _t. B) increased exercise. C) reduction on _oking. D) higher survival rate for can _r. 3. The article indicat es that more money spent on disease prevention will mean A) greater responsibility of the gover _ent. B) much less money needed for disease

12、 treatment. C) higher costs of health care. D) more lifestyle choi _s for people. 4. The $15 million program is aimed at A) promoting disease prevention. B) building more sidewalks. C) helping needy munities. D) wiping out chronic disease. 5. Early can _r screening can help redu _ significantly A) t

13、he death rates for all chronic diseases. B) the kinds of can _r attacking people. C) the can _r inciden _ rate. D) can _r death rate. Eat to Live A meager _t _y give you health and long life, but its not much fun - and it might not even be ne _ssary. We _y be able to hang on to most of that youthful

14、 vigor even if we dont start to _t until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be _de to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The geic re

15、juvenation wont reverse other da _ge caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. Spindlers team fed three mi _ a nor _l _t for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mi _ were switched from the nor _l _t to half-feed for

16、 a month when they were 34 months old - equivalent to about 70 hu _n years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the nor _lly fed mi _. The changes were associated with things like inflam _tion and free radical production4-

17、 probably bad news for mouse health. In the mi _ that had _ted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mi _ that only started _ting in old age also benefited from 70 per _nt of these gene changes. “This is the first ind

18、ication that these effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.C. No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mi _, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting eviden _ out there that it will work,

19、” he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bo _s are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of _ting, says Spindler, could be enough to _de sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the

20、trade-off is worth it6. “The mi _ get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a _t does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that.” Spindler hopes we soon wont need to _t at all. His pany, Life Span Geics in California, is looki

21、ng for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. meager adj. 不足的 youthful adj. 有青春活力的. vigor n. 精力，活力 metabolize vt. 使（一种物质）进入新陈代谢过程 rejuvenation n. 恢复活力，返老还童 liver n. 肝脏 toxin n. 毒素 ration n. 定量 inflam _tion n. 炎症，发炎 trade-off n. 交换，交易 rejuvenate vt. 使恢复活力，使回春 1. hang on to : 继续保留。例如：You

22、should hang on to that painting - it might be worth a lot of money one day. (你应该继续保留那幅画，或许有一天它会值很多钱。) 2. The geic rejuvenation wont reverse other da _ge caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但却有助于肝脏代谢药物或出去毒素。Other da _

23、ge caused by time 岁月造成的其他方面的破坏，即“其他方面的老化”。Metabolize drugs: 代谢药物，即“使药物参与新陈代谢以提高药效”。Get rid of : 摆脱，除去。 3. half-ration 和half-feed: 都是指“老鼠饲料正常定量（nor _l _t）的一半”。 4. free radical production : 指“（有机体 _、器官等的）无限激增”。 5. kick in: 意为“开始起作用”。如：Were still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in. （我们还在等着空调开始

24、起作用。） 6. be worth it: 意为“值得，有益”。例如：They are expensive, but they are worth it. (那些东西很贵，但划得来。) 1. Aording to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A) Eating less than usual might _ke us live longer. B) If we go on a _t when old, we _y keep healthy. C) Dieting might not be needed. D) We have

25、 to begin _ting from childhood. 2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? A) To describe the influen _ of old age on mi _. B) To illustrate the effect of meager food on mi _. C) To _ us how mi _s liver genes behave. D) To inform us of the pro _ss of metabolizing drugs. 3. What

26、can be inferred about pletely nor _lly fed mi _ mentioned in the passage? A) They will not experien _ free radical production. B) They will experien _ more geic rejuvenation in their lifetime. C) They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. D) They are more likely to suffer from inflam

27、 _tion. 4. Aording to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? A) The mi _ that started _ting in old age. B) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. C) Calorie restriction that works in people. D) Dieting that _kes sure a drug is effective. 5. A

28、ording to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A) calorie restriction is very important to young people. B) seeing the effect of a _t, people will eat less than nor _l. C) drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? In the af

29、ter _th of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been pletely unthinkable: Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists? Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twi

30、n towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Scien _ Foundation. Visiting the site as part of MCEER reconnaissan _ vis

31、it, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were da _ged, but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade C

32、enter, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained da _ge4,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings re _in standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be _rrie

33、d to existing technologies5 to achieve enhan _d perfor _n _ of buildings6 in the event of terrorist attacks,” he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail7 the monumental da _ge 职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题3 inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vici

34、nity. One building a block away from the towers re _ins standing, but was badly da _ged. “This building is _ny meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,” explained A. Whittaker, Ph.D. “The column became a missile that shot across the

35、 road, through the window and through the floor.” The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, aording to the engineers. For example, the floor framing8 system in one of the adja _nt buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pie _d by tons of falling debris to re _in intact9. “Hig

36、hly redundant ductile framing systems _y provide a _, but robust strategy for blast resistan _,” he added. Other strategies _y include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechani _ of collapse,” said A

37、. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.” A. Reinhorn, Ph.D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of _ny buildings in the past. It indu _s dynamic response and extremely high stresses and defor _tions in structural ponents. So

38、lutions developed for earthquake-resistant design _y be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.” after _th n. 后果，结果 in the vicinity 附近 withstand v. 经受住 d

39、ebris n. 碎片 inflict v. 使遭受，施加 intact adj. 未受损伤的，完整无缺的 reconnaissan _ n. 勘察，侦察 ductile adj. 可伸展的，易变形的 1 In the after _th of : 在. （灾难性的 _发生后的一段时间内。例： In the after _th of the Second World War: “二战”结束后的时期 2. ground zero : 世界贸易中心（双塔）被毁现场 3. buildings that were da _ged, but still are standing. : 那些已损坏但未倒塌

40、的建筑 4. but that sustained da _ged: 但遭到了损坏。Sustain: 蒙受，遭受（伤害或损失） 5. whether earthquake engineering technologies can be _rried to existing technologies: 地震工程技术是否可以和现有的技术相结合。Be _rried to : 与相结合。 6. to achieve enhan _d perfor _n _ of buildings: 以提高建筑的性能 7. in startling detail: 以令人吃惊的细节 8. the floor fram

41、ing: 楼板骨架 9. allowing floors that were pier _d by tons of falling debris to re _in intact.: 那些被成吨的残片击穿的楼板得以完整无缺。 1. The question raised in the first paragraph is one A) that was asked by structural engineers a month age. B) that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now. C) that was never thought of before the