宾语从句的种类和用法

1、宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类和用法（一）语法意义1.宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。2.根据引导词的不同，宾语从句可分为三类：由that引导的宾语从句，由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，由if或whether引导的宾语从句。（二）重点运用1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实际的意义，在从句中不作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：（1） 陈述句充当宾语从句时He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that)

2、she is seriously ill.（2）主句谓语动词为think，hope等表示“想，认为”等意义的动词时 He thinks that his son may fail the Chinese exam. I hope that you will join us tomorrow.注意：（否定转移）主句谓语动词是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect, guess等，主句的主语是第一人称且主句是一般现在时时，主句的否定一般要转移到从句中。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。如：I dont think theyll

3、 wait to the last minute.I dont believe thats his fault, isnt it?（3）主句的谓语动词是“be+afraid等形容词”构成的复合谓语一般而言，这些形容词大都描述主语的心理活动或感情状态。that引导的从句说明产生这些情绪的原因。(sorry, sure, glad, happy, angry, worry)Im extremely sorry that I have lost you book.练习：1. He said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.

4、A. that B. where C. which D. what 2. Mary is very happy she could go to Shanghai.A. that B. where C. which D. what3. They are sure they have the right to enter the office.A. that B. where C. which D. what2. 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。（1）由连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等引导，在宾语从句中充当某个成分，因此不能

5、省略。Do you know who will teach us this term?Did you hear what she said?I dont know whose the football is?Could you tell me which book is better?（2）由连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，因此不能省略。We didnt know when you usually go to school.Can you tell me how I get to the bus station

6、?Please explain why you were late for class.Mike asked me how I could do it without any help.注意：1、how与某些形容词或副词构成的词组也可引导宾语从句，主要有how old, how long, how far, how many/much, how often等。Do you know how much is the bag?2、可接连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语常用的有see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, sh

7、ow, remember, choose等。练习：1. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2. I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who3. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose4. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C.

8、whether D. where5. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road.A. how B. why C. that D. when6. Do you know to that post office?A. how much is it B. how far it is C. how far is itD. how long it is3由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 if、whether 一般情况下可以互换，但在一些情况下只能用whether，不能用if。（

9、1）可用whether/if的情况Whether/if引导的从句原为一般疑问句，变为宾语从句后，其语序有原来的倒装语序变为陈述语句，从句前面加上连词whether或ifI want to know if/ whether he lives there.He asked me whether /if I could help him.（2）只能用whether 的情况A 与 or not 连用时 I cant say whether or not he will come on time.B 接带to 的动词不定式时 He doesnt know whether to go to the cin

10、ema or to watch TV at home.C 引导介词的宾语从句时 Im not interested in whether shell be invited.D 宾语从句提前时Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I dont care.练习：1. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which2. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whe

11、ther B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If3. I have no idea that it will rain or not tomorrow.A. if B. whether C. that D. when4. They didnt know to go shopping or go to have lunch at the moment.A. if B. when C. how D. whether5. He doesnt pay attention to 6. I am wondering they would believe in m

12、e.A. what B. how C. whether D. why 7. 二. 宾语从句的语序1、陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. 2、疑问句（一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）变为宾语从句，原来的倒装语序要改为陈述语句。如：I dont know if Jack likes football.Please tell me when well have the meeting.练习：1. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. w

13、e should do whatC. what we should do D. should we do what2. Do you know ? Awhose child he is Bwhose child is he Cwhose child is he Dwhos child he is3. I dont know . Awhats his name Bwhat name is his Cwhat his name is Dwhat was his name三. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句中，谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句的时态保持一致。一般要遵循以下原

14、则：1. 主句为现在时态或将来时态主句谓语动词如果是现在时态或将来时态，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响，即宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I know he didnt tell you that he would come then.Ill let you know whether Ill com or not directly after I check my plan.2.主句为过去时态主句谓语动词如果是过去时态，从句谓语动词一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。a.从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语的动作同时发生。He asked me if I wa

15、s reading newspaper when he came in.b.从句用过去完成时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.c.从句谓语用过去将来时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后。He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.d.从句谓语用一般现在时，表示客观事实或真理。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have

16、proved that the earth turns around the sun.练习： 1. He asked what time .A. it was B. it is C. is it D. was it 2. He told me that he the sports meet. A. prepares for B. will prepare for C. is preparing for D. was preparing for3. He asked if you to Peter.A. write B. wrote C. had written D. were going to

17、 write4. He said that he to the U.S. soon.A. goes back B. would go back C. is going back D. went back5. She doesnt know her parents to England 同一个句子 不同时间状语 时态不一样宾语从句综合练习：一、单项选择( ) 1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what To

18、m did( ) 2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is( ) 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( ) 4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is t

19、he way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping( ) 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which( ) 6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home( )

20、7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend( ) 8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what( ) 9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go

21、 straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office( ) 10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon

22、will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it( ) 11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held ( ) 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after

23、 tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit( ) 13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what( ) 14. You cant imagine _ when they received these ni

24、ce Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited( ) 15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether( ) 16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. w

25、hat does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting( ) 17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing( ) 1

26、8. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted( ) 19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had( ) 20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when二. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in