直接引语和间接引语详解资料

1、直接引语和间接引语详解与专练 备课资料 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语” 。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语” 。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 例如：John said, “I like reading adventure stories. 约翰说：“我喜欢看历险故事。 ”（直接引语） John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 约翰说她喜欢看历险故事。 （间接引语） 那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子 的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语

2、等都要有变化，如何变化呢 ? 1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry. ” He said that he was very sorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my fathemr eto.ld My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如

3、： She said to her son,“Ill check your homework tonight.” She told her son that she would check his homework that night.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon? He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to me

4、et a friend of his that afternoon.口诀记忆为 ：一主、二宾、三不变 2.时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分） 的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从 句的时态要求） ，变化如下：1. 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时can couldmay might2.例如：“ I am very glad to visit your school ”, she said. She said she w

5、as very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV? Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV . He asked the conductor, “ Wh

6、ere shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus? He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there? ” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.Mother asked me,“Had you finished your homework before you watched TV? Mother

7、asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV . Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ” Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.He said，“I havent heard from my parents these days. ” He said that he hadnt heard from his pare

8、nts those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is tired out.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “I ll try my best to help you. He will say that he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said,“I went to college

9、 in 1994. ”He told us that he went to college in 1994.4）当直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “ Light travels

10、faster than sound. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must,ought to, used to, need 时，如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink p

11、lenty of water. The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. He said,“She must be a teacher. ” He said that she must be a teacher.He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now. He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have t

12、o hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine.注：此处用 had to 代替 must 更好8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词 come不必改为 go,如果当天转述 yesterday, tomorrow, this after noon 等均不必 改变。如：Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.S

13、tudent : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.3、时间状语、The teacher said, “You neednt hand in your compositions today.地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化直接引语 间接引语指示代词this 这 that 那these 这些 those那些时间状语now现在 then那时 today 今天 that day 那天this week (month,etc) 本星期(月等

14、) that week(month,etc) 那个星期(月等)yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天last week(year,etc) 上星期(去年) the week (year,etc.)before 前一周(年等)three days (a year,etc.) ago. three days (a year,etc,)beforenext week (year,etc) 年等)地点状语here这里动词 come来bring下星期(明年等) the next (fol

15、lowing) week (year,etc) 下一周(第二tomorrow the next (following)day the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days time) 过两 天there那里 go 去 take 例如： He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” T He said he wan ted to go swim ming the n. The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.TThe teacher said I sho

16、uld go there at 7:00. She said, “I wont come here any more. TShe said that she wouldnt go there any more. He said, This books is mine.“THe said that book was his.4、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化1) 直接引语为陈述句。用连词接引语中的 不可直接说He said,that 引导， that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用 said, 也可用 told 来代替，注意，可以说 said that, said to sb. th

17、at, told sb. that， told that, 如：I have been to the Great Wall. He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.(不可说 told that)此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, annou

18、nce, declare, think 等,又如：He said,“Im late because of the heavy traffic. ” He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是由 that 引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后 的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。The doctor said,“You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon. The doctor said(that)I was not seri

19、ously ill and that I would be better soon.said2) 直接引语为一般疑问句,间接引语用连词whether 或 if 引导,原主句中谓语动词 要改为 asked(me/him/us 等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation? He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English,

20、arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.3) 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror.女口：He asked, “Do you speak English or French? He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.4）直接

21、引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句 的谓语动词用ask （ sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was.He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country? He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带 to 的不定式表达，谓语动词常是 a

22、sk, advise, tell, warn, order, request 等。女0 ask sb. to do,（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do （由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变 化。如：He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated.“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. He told me to be careful with my handwriting.“ Never come here ag

23、ain! ” said tohfeficer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.“ Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.6) 有些含有“建议” “劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer 等动词转述，如：H

24、e said,“ Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest.He said,“Let me help you.” He offered to help me.7) 当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggestdoing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：“ Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door.he asked us.或 He suggested we go out for a walk.what 或 how 引导，也可用 tha