since后接延续性与短暂性动词的用法

1、since 后接延续性与短暂性动词的用法 一、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时， 则从句表示的时间是 “从动作开 始的那一时刻起 ”。如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校， 他学习就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here 自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。 这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。二、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从 句表示的时间是 “从那持续

2、动作或状态结束时算起 ”。如：I have n t heard any n oise si nee I slept. Sleep持 续性动词，sleep 的动作结束时， 即 醒来时， 这句应译为 “我醒后还未听到任何声音 ”。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years sinee he was a teaeher 约翰现 在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。所以，I have not heard from him sinee Ilived in Shanghai. 不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：

3、 “自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收 到他的信了。 ”而实际上这个句子的译文是： “自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。 ” 这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：How long is it sinee you lived in Shanghai? 你离开（没住在）上海多久了？It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。It s been quite some time since I was last in Londo我离开伦敦已很长时间了。比较： He has written to me fre

4、quently since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。 （从 句谓语为状态动词）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 自从我生病以来， 他就屡次给我写信。 （从句谓语 为终止性动词）三、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到 现在（说话时刻） ，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：I have n t heard from him si nee he has lived there这里 has lived 表示动作的持续性， 时间的起点应从： “开始居

5、住 ”时算起。 因此此句可理解为 “自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信 ”。Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。试比较：1. Since I ve been at this school, we have had three headmast自从我至U这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters .自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。2.He has

6、 never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。由此可见， since 引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。 换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。It has been three years since he worked her. 他不在这儿工作已经三年了It has been three years since he smoked. 他已经戒烟三年了。至于It is + 一段时间+since的句型与It has been + 一段时间+sinee意思相同。前者是规范 说法，后者是口语说法。应注意的是，在这种结构中， since 引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意 义，下面两句都错了：It is a long time since he didnIt s two months since you didn 正确的说法为： t study English. t come to see me.It s a long time since heudsit