2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题(一)下

1、XX年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题(一)下 47、 （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 心理历史学获取所需“事实”，不是取自详细记录各种 _及其发生顺序的历史记载，而是取自对构成 _各个人物进行的个性心理分析；他演绎学说，不是根据这些人物生活中的某个事例，而是根据某种超越 _人性观点。 48、 （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 心理历史学家们不仅确信自己的学说是绝对正确的，而且认为他们对任何历史 _的解释是“最深刻的”，其他解释都不符合实际情况。 49、 （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 心理历史学否认过去有其自身的完整性和意向；否认过去人们的活动出于种种动机，豆腐过去的 _有多种不同的因

2、果。 50、 （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 心理历史学不考虑过去具有的特殊性，而是把一切 _，不论过去的和现在的，都同化在一个假定为放之四海而皆准的定数论图式中。 五、写作题(每题10分，共20分)问答题说明：仔细阅读下面题目，根据各小题要求答题，确认无误后点“提交” 51、 You are preparing for taking the entran _ test for MA in economics. Write a letter to the dean of the Economics School of a famous university to enquire about：

3、 1) the subjects to be tested， 2) the number of students for enrollment, and 3) any guiding or training courses. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. （本题分值：10分） 【正确答案】 略 52、 Di

4、rections: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its implications in life, and 3) support your view with examples. （本题分值：10分） 【正确答案】 略 一、单项选择题(每题0.5分，共10分) There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility of great

5、bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when aep

6、ted 4. No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the ex _ssive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in _nturies to 7. When his works became the 8 words of advan _ knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advan _d nor vital. The particular oasion for these re _r

7、ks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world _y be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 things are being said about books. It is _de to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to

8、understanding is 14 books. We do neither servi _ nor justi _ to books by 15 upon them such omnipoten _ and omniscien _. Many of the answers we need today are not ne _ssarily to be found between 16. There are elements of newness in the present 17 of _n that will not readily be 18 of by required readi

9、ng or ready referen _. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 auto _tic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh, razoredged _ytical thought. 1、 （本题分值：0.5分） A inform B promise C enable D assure 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 2、 （本题分值：0.5分） A of B for C to D with 【正确答案】

10、 B 【您的答案】修改 3、 （本题分值：0.5分） A subject B issue C _tter D i _ge 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 4、 （本题分值：0.5分） A unreasonably B unprofitably C unwillingly D uncritically 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 5、 （本题分值：0.5分） A disturbed B disguised C intervened D interrupted 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 6、 （本题分值：0.5分） A dreadful B respectful C harm

11、ful D faithful 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 7、 （本题分值：0.5分） A go B e C pass D emerge 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 8、 （本题分值：0.5分） A big B end C late D last 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 9、 （本题分值：0.5分） A such B much C most D this 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 10、 （本题分值：0.5分） symbols B signs C _rks D trails 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 11、 （本题分值：0.5分） A confi

12、ning B de _nding C taking D pushing 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 12、 （本题分值：0.5分） A extraordinary B ex _ptional C ex _ssive D extravagant 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 13、 （本题分值：0.5分） A show B appear C prove D indicate 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 14、 （本题分值：0.5分） A through B with C among D from 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 15、 （本题分值：0.5分） A foc

13、us B conferring C imposing D installing 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 16、 （本题分值：0.5分） A pages B covers C lines D words 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 17、 （本题分值：0.5分） A position B situation C status D dilem _ 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 18、 （本题分值：0.5分） A disposed B dis _rned C discharged D dispersed 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 19、 （本题分值：0.5分） A

14、 polishing B regulating C furnishing D forwarding 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 20、 （本题分值：0.5分） A from B with C over D for 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 二、阅读选择题(每题2分，共40分) Text 1 Banking is about money; and no other familiar modity arouses such ex _sses of passion and dislike. Nor is there any other about which more nonsen

15、se is talked. The type of thing that es to mind is not what is nor _lly called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all scien _s are at the point where they try to predict peoples behaviour and its consequen _s. Indeed most social scien _s and, for example

16、, medicine could probably be described in the same way. However, it is mon to hear assertions of the kind “if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more use to you than a million pounds” as though this proved something important about money ex _pt the undeniable fact th

17、at it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token, or symbolic object, exchangeable on de _nd by its holders for goods and servi _s. Its use for these purposes is universal ex _pt within a s _ll number of primitive

18、 agricultural munities. Money and the pri _ mechani _, i.e., the changes in pri _s expressed in money terms of different goods and servi _s, are the means by which all modern societies regulate de _nd and supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in pri _ of different go

19、ods and servi _s pared with each other. To take random examples: the pri _ of housebuilding has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic applian _s like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insuran _ or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has plex implica

20、tions for students of the industry, trade unioni _, town planning, insuran _ panies, fineart auctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different. In general, in modern industrialised societies, pri _s of servi _s or

21、goods produ _d in a context requiring a high servi _content (e.g. a meal in a restaurant) are likely to rise in pri _ more repidly than goods capable of _ssproduction on a large scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in servi _ industries

22、 tends to rise and that of workers employed in _nufacturing to fall. The disfort this truth causes has been an important sour _ of tension in western political life for _ny years and is likely to re _in so for _ny more. 21、Money _y be thought of as （本题分值：2分） A the popular thing that stirs up fier _

23、love or hatred. B the unique sour _ that generates all kinds of good or evil doings. C the symbolic object that signifies one s wealth and priviledge. D the _jor subject of nonsensical talks that are related to economy. 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 22、Aording to the text, economics is （本题分值：2分） A similar to ot

24、her social scien _s in all the rubbish about it. B different from other social scien _s in the forecast of peoples behavior. C similar to all other scien _s in trying to fore _ _ns activities. D different from most scien _s in its attempt to avoid bad consequen _s. 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 23、In the writer

25、s view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert island （本题分值：2分） A illustrates one limitation to the importan _ of money. B is of importan _ only to people stayed in such pla _s. C proves the worthlessness of money in _ny situations. D shows nothing significant about money on a rare oa

26、sion. 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 24、Modern societies control supply and de _nd （本题分值：2分） A by intervention in pricing goods and servi _s. B by means of money and the pri _ mechani _. C by keeping a watchful eye on pri _ changes. D by fixing proper pri _s for specific industries. 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 25、The writ

27、er suggests that the pri _s of servi _s （本题分值：2分） A rise owing to their highquality contents. B grow due to their onthespot production. C augment with the increase of servi _ workers. D advan _ in proportion to economical growth. 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 Text 2 For three decades weve heard endlessly about

28、the virtues of aerobic(increasing oxygen consumption)exercise. Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill(踏车)to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the

29、surgeon generals offi _ has re _ntly embra _d strength training as a plement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone _instream, so has the on _ obscure practi _ known as “Super Slow” training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pa _- _ each “rep”(repeat) last 14 seconds instead o

30、f the usual seven-you can safely pla _ extraordinary de _nds on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting _y not be the only exercise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dra _tic. Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are

31、plete focus and a toleran _ for deep muscular burn. Fox each exercise-leg press, bench press, shoulder press and so on-you set the _chine to provide only moderate resistan _. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, y

32、ou keep going until you cant plete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Unfortable? Totally. But on _ you embra _ muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can bee almost pleasure. The goal is not to burn calori

33、es while youre exercising but to _ke your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles _ny _ke you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doesnt stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength training doesnt burn _y calories, either. But when you push a muscle to failure,

34、you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken-and the new muscle tissue will de _nd sustenan _. By the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your _t steady and, very qu

35、ickly, you are vaporizing body fat. One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods. 26、Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of （本题分值：2分） A its inherent awards to their hea

36、lth. B its greater consumption of oxygen. C the pliment paid by authorities. D the actual benefits from the exercise. 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 27、Aording to the author,“Super Slow” training （本题分值：2分） A has been misunderstood for decades. B has been widely aepted re _ntly. C has been the basis of weight lif

37、ting. D has bee the nucleus of aerobics. 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 28、In practicing slow lifting, one has to （本题分值：2分） A plete each rep with great de _nds for his muscles. B bear the unusual reaction caused by the training. C suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise. D exert extraordinary press

38、ure on his legs and shoulders. 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 29、Slow weight lifters are required to _ke each rep （本题分值：2分） A without using any driving for _. B without movement of their body. C with unbearable iron weights. D with the feeling of muscle failure. 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 30、 The phrase “to break even”(L

39、ine 7,Par.3) most probably means （本题分值：2分） A to upset the physical energy balan _. B to disturb the calmness of the body. C to gain a greater profit than a loss. D to _ke neither a profit nor a loss. 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 Text 3 To avoid the various foolish opinions to which _nkind is liable, no superhu

40、 _n genius is required. A few _ rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly errors. If the _tter is one that can be settled by observation, _ke the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the _ devi _ of asking

41、Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable. Many _tters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experien _. If, like most of _nkind, you have

42、 strong convictions on _ny such _tters, there are ways in which you can _ke yourself aware of your own prejudi _. If an opinion contrary to your own _kes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone _intains that two and two

43、are five, or that I _land is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about _tters as to which there is no good eviden _ either way. So whenever

44、you find yourself getting angry about a differen _ of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the eviden _ justifies. For those who have enough psychological i _gination, it is a good plan to i _gine an argument with a person having a

45、different opinion. This has one advantage, and only one, as pared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and spa _. Mahat _ Gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and _chinery; he

46、would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You _y never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. But if you want to _ke sure that you are right in agreein

47、g with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that our to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of i _ginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently foun

48、d myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent. 31、 The author intends to _ us that （本题分值：2分） A hu _n beings, including those of genius, are liable to foolish errors. B people can avoid silly mistakes unless they observe mon rules. C it needs

49、 average in _igen _ for us to keep away from silly opinions. D foolish opinions usually our to those who rarely mit big mistakes. 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 32、 The example of Aristotle is used to indicate that （本题分值：2分） A observation can prevent people from _ any mistakes. B great men advan _ false argument

50、s oasionally. C primitive apparatuses hamper precise observation. D realistic investigations are vital to sound judgments. 【正确答案】 D 【您的答案】修改 33、Aording to the text, it is true that （本题分值：2分） A there are _ny ways to rectify our false beliefs in _ny _tters. B our irritation at opposite arguments prove

51、s our inability to justify ourselves. C fier _ controversies reveal their incapacity to convin _ either side. D we should firmly defend our belief when it encounters any challenge. 【正确答案】 B 【您的答案】修改 34、 The author tries to convin _ us of the fact that （本题分值：2分） A an i _ginary argument with opponents

52、 _y avoid foolish errors. B Mahat _ Gandhi advocated adoption of new technology in various fields. C an opponents opinions can be verified by considering Gandhis arguments. D we have to agree with actual opponents offering reasonable opinions. 【正确答案】 A 【您的答案】修改 35、 Most people are unlikely to be sub

53、ject to silly errors （本题分值：2分） A when they do not violate the rules of observation and i _gination. B if they refute their opponents opinions in a fairly reasonable way. C unless they are convin _d of their knowledge of things without justification. D until they bee reconciled with their opponents t

54、hrough i _ginary dialogue. 【正确答案】 C 【您的答案】修改 Text4 Financial engineers dont wear white lab coats.They dont experiment on rats or perform gas chro _tography(气相层析).Their raw _terial-money-isnt as showy as what biologists and physicists investigate. But the innovations they produ _ will contribute just

55、 as much to economic growth. Maybe more,in fact,because without the scien _ of finan _, all other scien _s are just a bunch of neat con _pts. Ideas begin to tribute to hu _n betterment when theyre finan _d-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. A _oothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired panies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere. In the 21st _ntury economy, innovation in fi