选修6unit5语法现在分词作状语

1、Unit 5 The power of nature Grammar 现在分词作状语,高二人教新课标版选修六,一.功能 现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 1.作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine,2.作原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转化为一个

2、原因状语从句。 Not knowing English , he couldnt understand the film. 3.作伴随/方式 状语，表示一个次要的动作。 He sat there reading a book. Laughing and talking, the students went to school. He came running.(方式,4.作结果状语 表示必然的结果，通常放在主句后面中间用逗号隔开，有时为了突出结果，分词前加thus。 Her husband died, leaving her four children. 5.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句

3、 Having tried many times, he still couldnt succeed. 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。 Working very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired. 尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳,6.作条件状语，表示一种假设情况，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 7.作评论性状语（悬垂结构） 作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度，观点等。 generally

4、speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格地说 frankly speaking 坦率地说,not) doing,not) being done,not) having done,not) having been done,二、现在分词的各种形式,分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语一致。如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构来 表示, 也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. The train having gone, we had t

5、o wait another day. 分析:前一例中, -ing形式的逻辑主语为主句的主语。 后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train,三、使用- ing形式作状语需注意的几个问题,判断正误 Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. Standing on top of the tower, the whole city comes into our view. Standing on to

6、p of the tower, we can get a view of the whole city,正,误,误,正,一般来说, -ing形式表示主动、进行; 过去分词表 示被动、完成。试比较: Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotof deadbodiesandweapons. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic,2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别,分析: 前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语, 它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为主动关系; 后一句中的 过去分词defeated和frigh

7、tened表原因, 它与其逻辑主语 theenemy之间为被动关系,3. 分词短语做状语时, 前面可以加上连词或介词, 但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but, and), 因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分, 而分词 短语只是全句的一个状语部分, 分词和主句之间可 用逗号。 Eg. 正：When seeing from the top of the hill, you can enjoy the whole beauty of this city. 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it,4.

8、-ing分词的一般式和完成式 一般情况下，-ing分词的一般式的动作表示和 后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式的动作 是先于后面句子的动作发生。 如：Being a student, he was interested in books. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations,注意：在实际运用中， 很多时候-ing的一般式和 完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。 但如果-ing的动作和主句的谓语动词之间存在明显 的时间上的先后关系，而且句意强调完成，为避 免引起误解，必须用完成式表示

9、先发生的动作。 如: Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.意为边刷牙, 边下楼,Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. Not knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help

10、,5. 分词的否定形式是在其前面加上 not. 如,牛刀小试 一.将两个句子组合成一个动词-ing形式的句子。 1. Alice saw a volcano erupting in the morning. She felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night,Having seen a volcano eruption in the morning, Alice felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night,2. I knew the sight is impressive on the top of

11、 the mountain. I made an effort to climb onto it,Knowing the sight was impressive on the top of the mountain, I made an effort to climb onto it,3. The new book of the famous novelist was very boring.It didnt become popular among young people,Being very boring, the new book of the famous novelist did

12、nt become popular among young people,每空填一词, 使该句与所给句子的意思相同。 1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. _ _, he didnt go to school. 2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. _ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. 3. When autumn comes, swallows

13、go to the south. _ _, swallows go to the south,Being ill,Walking along,Autumn coming,4. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow. _ _ _, well go for a picnic tomorrow. 5. After she had finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV. _ _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.

14、6. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes. _ _ _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes,It being sunny,Having finished,Having been warned,7. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut. _ _ _ _, all the shops were shut. 8. If I had been given a longer time

15、, I could have done it better than planned. _ _ _ a longer time, I could have done it better than planned. 9. After I got home, I found my books missing. _ _ _, I found my books missing,Having got home,Having been given,It being a holiday,三.单项选择 They set out _ for the _ boy. searching; losing B. sea

16、rching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing (2) The student sat there, _ what to do. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing,B,D,3)He sat there _ , with his head on his hand. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought (4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfact

17、ion with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added,B,C,Sit down, Emma. you will only make yourself more tired, _on your feet. A.to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 2.European football is played in 80 countries

18、, _ it the most popular sport in the world. making B. makes C. made D. to make,B,A,四 高考链接,3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing 4. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005) A. caused B. to hav

19、e caused C. to cause D. having caused,A,D,5. _ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 6._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not k

20、nown,C,A,7. In winter steam can be seen _from wet clothes _near a fire. A. rising, hanging B. rising, to hang C. rise, hanging D. to rise, to hang 8. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 9. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from ne of hi

21、s friends, _ him to write an article,and he accepted. A. having invited B. invited C. to be invited D. inviting,A,A,D,10. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 11. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key,D,D,12. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepa