初中现在完成时讲解和练习[共11页]

1、years ago 等; 2)不能与 when连用IV.现在完成时的用法 现 在 完 成 时A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想I. 定义：或结果）。例如：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.也可以表示过去已经开 The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 车子已在门口）II.现在完成时的结构Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗have/has+ done (过去分词)户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）注 意 ： 表 示 短暂时间动作 的词，B. 表示过去

2、已经开始，持续到现在的动如:come，go，die， marry， buy 等的完成时不作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到能与 for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。用现在（包括 “现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如用,如 for+时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问live，study，be，wait 等，常和 since（自从）词how long等。 例如：或 for（经历）引导的词语连用。My uncle has worked at this factory for five如： I have lived here for more

3、than thirty years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。years.我已在此住了 30 多年。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自III.现在完成时的时间状语从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。1. ever, never, twice （ once ） , so far How long have you been here? 你来这里多（到目前为止） , , already（肯定句） , yet（ 否久了？定，疑问句） , just(刚刚), before （以前） ,用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中rec

4、ently（近来） 等词连用谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为 “for时间2.Since+时间点 ， for+时间段 ， in the 段”或 “since时间点 ”。如：past/last few yearsHe has been in the Green China for three years.表示短暂时间动作的词，如 :come， go，He has been a member of the Green China for threedie，marry，buy 等的完成时不能与 for，since years.他加入 “绿色中国 ”已经三年了。等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或

5、The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has状态或表过去重复的动作，如 live ， study，been dead for 4 years.be，wait 等，常和 since（自从）或 for（经历）He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in引导的词语连用。the Party for 2 years.说明： already 与 yet 都有 “已经”的意思，I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the但 already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中

6、。 yet 常book for 5 days.用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。 例如： 表示时间段的短语有 :I have already finished my homework.for+ 一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句 (since heI haven fitnishe d my homework yet. Havecame here), since+时间点名词( since last year,you finished your homework yet?since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time 等。They have

7、 left. (他们已经离开了 ,也就是说 V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别现在他们人不在这里 )1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单I have had my lunch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了 ,也纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过就是说我现在不饿)去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调I can ftind my watch now. I think I have的是影响。already lost it.I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的 的时间是 yesterday 。）时间状语连用 , 如 y

8、esterday, last week, three I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加 “ ed 。” 2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用 ，如： ago, last week/. stop-stopped-stopped ,in 2008, in the past, just now, the day drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词： before yesterday, yesterday .then( 那时),AAA 型 that d

9、ay, one day, once( 从前)现在完成时常和 recently（近来）， ever, burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt letnever, twice, so far （到目前为止） , since，for ， let let cast cast castcost cost cost cut cut cut hit in the past/last few years , already （肯定句） , yet（否定，疑问句） , just(刚刚), before （以前）hit hit put put put连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语

10、连 shut shut shut spread spread spread用。 set set set现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状 read read read? read 原形发音为/ri:d/, 过态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, 去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB 型 beat beat beaten work, study, know.VI. 比较have/has been to、have/has gone to ABA 型 become became become run ran和 have been inrun come came com

11、ehave(has) been to. 表示 “曾去过某地，已经特殊情况从那里回来了 ”，可以和 ever、never、twice 等连ABB 型用。have(has) gone to 表示 “已经去了某地，在去 bring brought brought buy bought那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来 ”。have(has)bought build built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught been in 表示 “在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如： since, for, how long 等caught dig dug dugf

12、eel felt felt fight fought He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 .(但 fought find found found他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了 ) hear heard heard hold held heldHe has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了 .(也许刚 keep kept kept动身出发,也许已经到了 ,也许还在路上 ,反正他人 lay laid laid lead led led不在这里 )lose lost lo

13、stmake made made meet met met Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 sell sold sold? 六过去分词shoot shot shot sit sat sat1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分stand stood stood词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相 sweep swept swept teach taught同。四点变化规则： taught tell told told(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加 “ ed 。” think thought thought

14、 win won wonABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blownwork-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以 “e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew “ d。”live-lived-lived ,drawn drive drove driven(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 drink drank drunk fly flew flowny变为i ，再加 “ ed。” forgive forgave forg

15、ivenforget forgot forgotten freeze frozestudy-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried frozen give gave givengrow grew grown know knewget) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等d)用“be 介词短语”代终止性动词 known ride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rung 1. “bein/at +地点 ”代替 go to /come toshake shook shaken 2.用 b

16、e in the army 代替 join the armysing sang sung sink sank sunk 3. “be in/at +地点 ”代替 move toswim swam swum常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：throw threw thrown write wrote 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw.written come/gone/moved to sw.七 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come ， have been in sw./at 相应的介词go ,leave, join ）不能直接与 f

17、or since连用。 2. have come/gone back/returned have要改变动词been back3. have come/gone out have been out buy-have? borrow -keep4. have become have been 5. have go out-be out begin-be oncome/arrive/reach/get to-be in? leave closed / opened have been close/open6. have got u p have been up ； 7. have -be away

18、finish-be overopen-be open? close -be closed died have been dea；d8. have left sw. have been away from die-be dead1.have 代替 buysw.My brother has had(不能用 has bought) 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep havethis bike for almost four years. been asleep；2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow 10. have finished/ended/co

19、mpleted I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the have been over；11. have married have been marrie；d book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 become 12. have started/begun to do sth. haveHow long has your sister been a teacher? done sth. ；4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold 13. have begun have been on 14.Tom has ha

20、d a cold since the day before have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had 16. yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on have put on have wornb)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 17. have caught /get a cold have had a1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 cold；18. have got to know haovwen kn19. have/has gone to have been in fa

21、ll (get) ill3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall 20. have joined/have taken part in the(get) asleep league/the Party/the army5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、be have been a member of/ have beengone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 in/ have been the Party s member/close/shut9、bemissing(gone,l

22、ost) 代 losec)用“be 副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代 start, begin 2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to) ”代 return to, come back to,go back to4“be here (there) 代” come(arrive, reach,现在完成时练习（一）it will be even _ . has changed; well changed ; good has一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：changed better . changed;1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?”better“Yes. ”

23、( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes.“When_ you _ (have) it? ”“II _ it a moment ago._ (have) it at 12:00. ” .Did; do; finished2. “_you _ (write) a letter to .Have; done; finishedyour aunt yet? ”.Have; done; have finished .“Yes,I _. I _ (write)will; do; finishone last week. ”( )6. We _ Xiao Li since

24、 she was a little girl .3. “_ he _ (finish) his . know . had known . havehomework? ” “Not yet. ”known . knew4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad? ”( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice.“Yes, just once. ” . will see . have seen . saw .se5. Your father _ just _ (finish)( )8. These farmers have be

25、en to thehis work.United States .Really? When _ there ?6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. . will they go .did they go . do they7. Last term I _ (learn) many Englishgo . have theywords. gone8. They _ (not read) the interesting ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in thisbooks yet.school for two years

26、.9. He _ never _ (go) towas ; studying . will ; study . has ;the science museum.studied . are;10. _ you ever _ (drink) studyingcoke?( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? .joined . has joined . was in . h“ “Yes, I _ . ”( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We“Where

27、_ you _(buy) it? ”“ I_ friends since ten years ago ._(buy) it in a bookstore. ” were . have been . have“When _ you _ (buy) it? ” become . have made“ Yesterday. ”( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?二、 单项选择。. already .never .ever .( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the stillpast two year

28、.( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten. is writing .was writing .wroteminutes .has written. has begun . had begun . has been( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _ ？on . began. Just . ago .before( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army .a moment ago. Is . has . will . w( )3. How long have you _ here ?( )15. M

29、iss Green isnt in the office. She_About two months .to the library. been . gone . come .has gone . went .will go. arrived. has been( )4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope( )16. My parents _ Shandong for tenbought B. has bought C. has hadyears.33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two. have been in . ha

30、ve been to . haveweeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, beengone to . have been35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom,_?for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book?- Twoweeks.A. so they B. donthey C. have they A. borr

31、ow B. lend C. get D. keep 四、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各D. haven t they种形式填空。 ( )18. has Mr. White been a member of 1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.Greener China since he to China? 2) David _ _ the park just now.A. How soon, comes B. How often, 3) John _ _ England since he camegotb

32、ack.C. How long, came D. How far, 4) How long _you _arrived_ this village? ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years. 5) The Smiths _ _ Beijing for years.A. has come here B. has started to 6) _ you ever _ _ America? - Yes, Iwork_ _ there many times. C. has lived there D. has left the 7) I _ _ this scho

33、ol since three years ago.university20、_ you _ your homework yet ? 8) Where is Jim? He _ _ the farm.Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ;done ; finished9) When_ _ he _ _? He _ an hour ago.C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; 10) Would you like to _ _ the zoo with me?finish

34、21 、 His father _ the Party since1978 .-Yes, but I _ _ there before.五、 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ A. joined B. has joined C. was inD. has been infor 10 years / since 10 years ago.22、Do you know him well ?2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He Sure .We _ friends since ten years_the

35、 book for 2 weeks.ago . A. were B. have been C. havebecome D. have made23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He_the motorbike for a month.20 minutes. 4. He arrived here three days ago.He A. has left B. had left C. has been awayD. had been away24. I _

36、 the League for 5 years so far. A._here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. Thejoined B. have joined C. have been in light _for 2 hours.24.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A .has been open B. has opened C. was open D.opened6. He left here 2 years ago. He_from here

37、 for 2 years.25.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The filmA. have made B. have been C. made26.The meeting _ for a week now._ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. TheA. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school fo

38、r nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ?door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. Thedoor _for an hour. A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon . A.slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. hadslept10. He joined t

39、he army last year. He_ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It32.He _ the car for a week. A._ a year _ he joined the army. has ; studied. are ; studying现在完成时练习（二）7、We_ Xiao Li since she wasa little girl .单项选择。. know . had known .1、Both his parents look sad . have known . knewMaybethey _whats happened tohim .（2014 呼和浩特） . knew . 8、Harry Potter is a very nicehave known . m