2018年高考英语一轮复习Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour单元知识

1、Unit 3 A taste of English humour1. up to now到目前为止，通常与现在完成时连用。? Up to now, he has set up 2 two companies. 到目前为止，他已经开了两家公司了。【拓展延伸】up to 直到；多达；由 决定；胜任just now现在；刚才now and again/then 有时，不时from now on 从现在起? The hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160 km/h.飓风横扫英格兰的东南部，风速高

2、达每小时160 公里。? Everyone needs a pat on the back now and then. 每个人都需要不时地得到鼓励。? From now on, I will begin to write my book. 从现在起，我将开始写我的书了。1. 根据括号中所给的汉语意思，用 up 的相关短语完成句子 Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? It s _( 由你决定 ). _ ( 到目前为止 ), no effective drug has been found which cancure cancers.2.单句

3、语法填空Up to now, great changes_(take) place in our hometown and people areenjoying a good policy.3. 改错How is your math teacher all these days?I ve no idea. But it is said that up to now he recovered from his serious illness.【答案】1. up to you Up to now2. content(1) adj.满足的，满意的。常见用法：常见用法：feel/be content

4、with对 满足be content to do sth 甘心 /满足于做某事? Are you content with your work? 你对你的工作满意吗？? I m content to remain where I am now. 我甘心维持现状。(2) n.满足；内容；目录；含量。t o ones heart s content 心满意足地；尽情地? The drawer has been emptied of its contents. 抽屉已经腾空了。(3) vt. 使满足。常见用法：content sb/oneself with. 使某人 ( 自己 )对 感到满足? Th

5、e little boy contented himself with a new toy. 那男孩有了新玩具就满足了。【特别提醒】1. content 作内容，目录理解时为可数名词，常用复数形式。2. 作定语时应用 contented 。? She looked at me with a contented expression. 她带着满足的表情看着我。【巧学妙记】- 2 -1. 单句改错I like the style of the book, but I don t like the content.Be content to who you are and what you have

6、.2. 完成句子Are you _your present salary?你对你现在的薪水满意吗 ?He _where he is now.他安于现状。Would you please measure the silver _a coin?请你测量一下硬币中银的含量，好吗？In the 1980s she _ to focus on academic research and serveas the mother of two sons and the wife of a British academic at Oxford.二十世纪八十年代，她甘愿身为英籍牛津教授的妻子，生有两子，专注于学术

7、研究。Laugh _ as much as you can. Laughter helps reduce pressureand improves your immune system.尽情地放声大笑。笑可以减轻压力，改善你的免疫系统。Well content _the present payment, the businessman is readyto keep on dealing with us.由于对于目前的报酬非常满意，那个商人准备和我们保持业务往来。【答案】- 3 -1. content 改为contents to 改为with2. content with is content

8、 to remain content ofwas content to your heart s content with3. astonishvt. 使惊诧，使惊讶。常见搭配：astonish sb 使某人惊讶It astonishes sb that. 使某人没想到的是 ? The news astonished all of us. 那个消息让我们都非常惊讶。? It astonishes me that he could be so thoughtless. 我真没料到他会如此轻率。【拓展延伸】1. astonished adj. 惊讶的，吃惊的be astonished by/at对

9、 感到惊讶be astonished to do sth 做某事很惊讶be astonished that 很惊讶 zx*xk2. astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物to one s astonishment 使某人感到惊讶的是in/with astonishment 惊讶地3. astonishing adj. 使人惊讶的；难以置信的astonishingly adv. 使人惊讶地；惊人地? My parents looked astonished at my news. 我父母听到我的消息后显得十分惊讶。? He was astonished to feel the at

10、mosphere of peace and calm on the sea. 他很惊讶地感受到海上那种平和宁静的气氛。? To my astonishment, it had completely disappeared. 使我惊讶的是，它已消失得无影无踪了。单句改错1. I was astonishing at the news that over 20 people had been killed in the coal mineaccident in Heilongjiang.- 4 -2. To my astonish, I found them living in a tent.【答

11、案】1. astonishing 改为 astonished 2. astonish 改为 astonishment4. badly off穷的，缺少的。? The school is rather badly off for equipment. 学校设备相当缺乏。【拓展延伸】be worse off 境况更糟糕be well off 境况好；富裕be better off 境况较好go from bad to worse 越来越坏；每况愈下worse and worse 越来越糟；每况愈下to make matters even worse 更糟糕的是【巧学妙记】He is better

12、off than ten years ago；at that time, he was badly off , and to make mattersworse/what s worse , he lost his job. 他现在比十年前好多了；那时他很穷，更糟糕的是，他失业了。1. In fact, most people in that area are _ than they were five years agobecause of years of wars.A. poorer off B. worse offC. better off D. richer off2. 完成句子I

13、have got a big room so I m not too_.我有一间很大的屋子，所以住得还不坏。His family is not _.他家境不太富裕。We _ for storage space in the new offices.- 5 -我们的新办公室里有很多贮藏东西的地方。She _ for friends.她缺少朋友。I went to his home and found his living conditions were _ than mine.我去他家一看，发现他的居住条件比我的更差。【答案】1. B 【解析】 worse off 比较贫穷，更加贫穷。句意：事实

14、上，因为战争，在这个地区大部分的人比五年前还穷。故选 B。2. badly off well off were well offis badly off worse off5. entertainvt . vi. 使欢乐；款待。常见搭配：entertain sb to sth 宴客；款待某人 ( 尤指在自己家中 )entertain sb with sth /by doing sth 用某物 / 通过做某事使某人欢乐? Could you entertain the children for an hour while I am making supper? 我做晚饭时，你能哄孩子们玩一个小时

15、吗？? He entertained us with a stream of anecdotes. 他讲了一连串的趣事逗我们开心。? A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate. 博物馆应该致力于寓教于乐。【拓展延伸】(1)entertaining adj. 使人愉快的；有趣的a most entertaining guest 很风趣的客人(2)entertainment n. 娱乐；款待(3)entertainer n. ( 娱乐节目的 ) 表演者；艺人【巧学妙记】During the show, the clown enterta

16、ined the children with all kinds of tricks and theywere all entertained by his funny acts. After that I entertained these children todinner. The whole activity was entertaining . 在演出中，小丑以各种戏法逗孩子们乐，他的滑稽表演让他们很开心。演出结束后我请孩子们去吃饭。整个活动都非常有趣。- 6 -1. 单句语法填空At the last celebration, she as well as her friends_

17、(entertain)with all kinds of delicious food.Then it becomes an_(entertain) centre, allowing you to watch anyvideo and download any program.2. 单句改错He had planned to entertain his friends with dinner, but he was really so busythen that he himself had no time to have meals.After dinner, the native peop

18、le have been used to be entertaining with BeijingOpera and cool tea.【答案】1. was entertained entertainment6. pick out挑出；辨别出。? Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. 然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。【拓展延伸】pick up 捡起；使搭乘；学习；增加pick up on 熟悉pick oneself up ( 跌倒后 ) 爬起来pick off 摘下来【易

19、混辨析】1. pick out 意为挑选时， 常常表示按照个人的喜好或要求进行选择。 多用于有形的东西，- 7 -指精心仔细地挑选。? Pick out the stamps you like best, please. 请挑出你最喜欢的邮票。2. choose 意为选择，挑选，多指以个人好恶为标准，侧重于根据自己的主观印象作出判断。表示从两者中选一个时，必须用 choose 。? I leave it to you to choose between the two methods. 我任你在这两种方法之间作出选择。3. select 意为选择，挑选，强调在比较广泛的范围内，从很多对象中经过

20、斟酌、考虑，挑选出最合适、最满意的；强调客观的优势。? The finest products were selected and sent to the exhibition. 最好的产品被选出来并送到展览会上。1. 用适当的副词填空The gardener picked _ the dead flowers from the trees.It s easy to pick him _in a crowd because he is very tall.I picked _quite a lot of Japanese words during my six-month stayin Jap

21、an.2. 单句语法填空She_(pick) out from dozens of applicants for the job a month ago.He is careful to pick _ some new ties to give as Christmas presentsto his friends.【答案】1. off out up合语境。7. cut off切断；断绝。- 8 -? Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the otherfellow. 查理把皮鞋上面的部分

22、切下来，和同伴分享这只鞋。【拓展延伸】cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开cut down 砍倒；削减，缩短；毁灭，破坏cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces 切成两半 / 切碎cut out 停止；删掉；裁剪，剪下cut up 切碎；使丧气，使痛心【巧学妙记】单句改错1. The electricity was cut of for several days because of the earthquake.2. It s impolite for us to cut away when others are talking.3. According

23、to the report, a tree after another is being cut up and many speciesare dying out in the primitive rainforest.【答案】表示树被砍倒，用 cut down 。cut up 切碎。8. convince- 9 -vt . 使信服。常见用法：convince sb 使某人相信；说服某人convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事convince sb to do sth说服 /劝说某人做某事convince oneself of sth /that 确信；弄明白convince sb

24、 that. 使某人相信 ? Can you convince my father? 你能说服我父亲吗？? He has to convince me of his ability to do this job. 他必须说服我他有胜任这份工作的能力。? We convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。【拓展延伸】convincing adj . 令人信服的convinced adj.坚定不移的be convinced of sth/that 确信某事 / 确信 语法填空1. No one has come

25、 up with a _(convince) explanation of why the dinosaursdied out.2. _(convince) of his honesty and determination, the director of ourcompany decided to invest in his new company.3. Your excuse is too weak to convince me _ your innocence.4. I d convinced _ (I) that I was rig ht.5. I have been trying t

26、o convince him _ (see) a doctor.【答案】1. convinced 2. Convinced 3. of4. myself 5. to see9. direct- 10 -(1) vt. vi.导演；指示；指挥。常见用法：direct at/towards sb /sth 把 指向某人 / 事direct sb to a place 指引某人到某处direct sb to do sth 指示 / 命令某人做某事direct(that) sb /sth (should) do/be done 指示 / 命令某人做 / 某事被做? Charlie Chaplin wr

27、ote, directed and produced the films he starred in.查理 卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。? Can you direct me to the station ？你能告诉我到车站怎么走吗？? The owner directed that the factory be closed. 厂长下令关厂。(2) adj. 直的，直接的；率直的，恰好的；完全的。a direct flight/train 直飞航班 / 直达列车a direct result/link/connection 直接的结果 / 关系 /联系a direct person/

28、manner/answer 直性子的人 / 坦率的态度 / 直截了当的回答? Your reply today is in direct contradiction to what you said last week. 你今天的答复跟你上星期说的恰好相反。【易混辨析】 direct/directly二者都能作副词，其区别是：1. direct 表示具体的路径，指中途不停地，径直地。? The train goes there direct.这趟列车直达那里。2. directly 表示抽象意义，指做某事直接地，不拐弯抹角地。? The new law won t directly affec

29、t us. 新的法律不会直接影响到我们。? She speaks very directly to people. 她和人说话非常直率。1.单句语法填空 Their thought and action have played a great role in _(direct) humanevents to right values.With Jack _(direct) me, I had no difficulty in finding the manager shouse.2.单句改错- 11 -Our university was founded in October 1951 and

30、 is a key institution of higherlearning direct under the Ministry of Education.3. 完成句子She prefers to _ rather than _.她宁愿当演员，不愿当导演。The police officers had _ search the building.警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。The judge _ that the mother be given custody of the child.法官判决这孩子由母亲照管。【答案】用副词作状语，故用 directly( 直接地 ) 。3. act; dir

31、ect been directed to directed10. particularadj. 特别的；特殊的；挑剔的，吹毛求疵的。常见用法：be particular about/over sth对 挑剔 /讲究in particular(=particularly) 尤其；特别? Is there any particular colour you would prefer? 你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗？? He is very particular about food. 他对食物很挑剔。? The whole meal was good but the wine in particula

32、r was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。【拓展延伸】particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地? Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour. 尤其是孩子们看到他的行为会大笑不止。【易混辨析】 especially/specially/particularly- 12 -指某事超乎一般的重要，强调超过其他；常用于一些强调需要特别注意或特别对待especially的场合，含有对比的意味。specially 多指为了某一特定目的而专门做某事。表示特别地， 尤其地， 可以与

33、especially 互换， 但 particularly还可作详细地， particularly细致地讲，侧重指从同类中把特例选出，强调在某一方面表现尤为突出。1.单句语法填空If you really want something _ particular, keep taking action andrefuse the alternatives until you get it!_(particular) about food left him in lack of nutrition and he wasweaker and weaker.We are _(particular) g

34、rateful to him for his timely help.2. On Sundays, many parents go to the school _to see their children.A. especially B. specially C. particularlyD. in particular【答案】2. B 【解析】 especially 尤其； specially专门地； particularly 特别地； in particular尤其。句意：在星期天，许多父母专门去学校看孩子。故选B。11. amusevt . 使发笑；使愉快。常见用法：amuse ones

35、elf with 以 自娱? My funny drawings amused the children. 我那滑稽的图画把孩子们给逗乐了。- 13 -? We amused ourselves with the cat while we waited. 我们在等待时以逗猫为乐。【拓展延伸】1. amused adj. 愉快的，开心的；被逗乐的be amused at/by 以 为乐keep sb amused 使某人快乐2. amusement n.娱乐，消遣，娱乐活动to on es amusement让某人感到好笑的是3. amusing adj. 有趣的? Everyone was a

36、mused at/by the story about the dog. 大家都被那只狗的故事逗笑了。? To my amusement, he sang a funny song. 令我感到好笑的是，他唱了一首滑稽的歌。? He likes to surround himself with amusing people. 他喜欢与有趣的人为伍。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1. The children amused _(they) by playing hide-and-seek games.2. The children _ (amuse) at the storyteller s jo

37、kes that day.3. To my great _ (amuse),his false beard fell off.【答案】1. themselves 2. were amused 3. amusement12. whisper(1) vi. 低语；小声说。常见搭配：whisper to sb对某人耳语whisper about sth /sb 小声议论某事 / 人whisper sth to sb 低声告诉某人某事whisper sth in one s ears 跟某人耳语某事It s whispered that. 私下说 ? He whispered a warning to

38、 me and then disappeared. 他低声警告了我一声，然后就不见了踪影。? It s whispered that he may resign. 有人私下说他可能要辞职。- 14 -(2) n. 耳语；低语。常见搭配：in a whisper/whispers 低声说；小声地说? The two men began talking in whispers. 那两个人开始低声交谈。The two women _ _ so I couldn t hear their words clearly.A. whispered B. shouted C. roared D.swallow

39、ed【答案】A 【解析】考查动词。 whisper 耳语； shout 大叫； roar 怒吼； swallow 吞咽。句意：那两个妇女低声说话，因此我听不清她们的话，故选A。13. reactvi . 作出反应；回应。常见用法：react to sb/sth对 做出回应react with sth 与 起化学反应react against sb/sth 反对，对抗某人 / 事? She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him.对于他的侮辱，她不予理睬。? Children sometimes react against the thi

40、ng their parents believe in. 孩子们有时反对他们的父母相信的事。【拓展延伸】reaction n. 反应，回应reactive adj. 反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的reactivity n. 反应性reactor n. 反应器，核反应堆1. 用适当的介词填空The patient reacted badly _the drug.Iron reacts _water and air to produce rust(铁锈).- 15 -2. How did he _your answer?A. react to B. refer toC. lead to D. ob

41、ject to【解析】1. to with2. A 【解析】考查动词短语。 react to对 作出反应； refer to 提及，查阅，涉及； leadto导致； object to 反对。句意：他对你的回答是怎样反应的？故选A。14. occasionn.时刻，时节；大事；节日；场合。常见用法：on occasion 偶尔，有时on the occasion of 在 时候on this/that occasion 在这个 / 那个时候on no occasion绝不，不会? It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.这是个值得举家

42、庆祝的时刻。? What will they say when they meet on a formal occasion? 在正式场合见面的时候，他们会说什么？【温馨提示】1. on no occasion 位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。2. occasion 作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作状语表示时刻，则应用关系副词when；表示场合时，应用关系副词where。【拓展延伸】occasional adj . 偶尔的occasionally adv. 偶尔地1.单句语法填空I call on my parents occasion.We (occasion) meet f

43、or a drink after work.I can remember very few occasions he had to ask for leave becauseof ill health.- 16 -It s a happy occasion people feast on tasty mooncakes.2. 同义句改写You should on no occasion do such a thing like that.( 改为倒装句 )_【答案】1. on occasionally when where2. On no occasion should you do such

44、 a thing like that.1. as 引导非限制性定语从句As Victor Hugo once said, Laughter is the sun that drives winter fromthe human face , and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than CharlieChaplin. 维克多 雨果曾经说过笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天，关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理 卓别林做得更好。 ( 教材 P18)本句中 as 引导非限制性定语从句， as 在从句中作动词 said 的宾语，指代后

45、面的内容： Laughteris the sun that drives winter from the human face 。【语法重点】as 引导非限定性定语从句时， as 指代整个主句的内容，但不同于 which 的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。 as 的意思是正如，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。经常使用的短语有： as we all know, as(it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it)was printed out, as (it) was said earlier, as I reme

46、mber (it), as I understand (it),as (it) appears, as is known, as is said, as is reported, as announced, as we hadexpected, as everybody can see, as is mentioned above 等。? As we all know, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。( 在句首只能使用 as)? As was expected, he failed in the exam. 正如所料，他考试不及格

47、。? As anybody can see, they were telling a lie. 正如所有人所见，他们在撒谎。- 17 -? As is often the case, my mother has the final say in the argument. 通常情况下，我妈妈对争议进行最终决策。【易混辨析】as 与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：1. as 引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后，但 which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后。? David, as you know, is a photographer. 戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。 ( 不可用 which

48、)2. as 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有 be 动词或别的系动词，但 which 不受此限制。? Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这让张老师非常生气。 ( 不可用 as)3. as 引导的定语从句只能表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。? He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这真是出人意料。 ( 不可用 as)用 as 或 which 填空1. _ is known to all, fish can t

49、 live without water.2. He saw the girl, _ delighted him.【答案】1. As 2. which2. as if 引导状语从句He tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe as if it were the fineststeak. 他把皮鞋鞋底切开嚼着吃，就像吃一块最好的牛排。 ( 教材 P18)as if 的用法：1. as if 引导表语从句时，所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性。通常用陈述语气，句子的谓语动词主要有 look, seem, taste, smell, sound

50、, feel 等。? It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment. 看来好像他们试验成功了。? The lady felt as if she lost something. 这位女士好像丢了什么东西。2. as if 引导方式状语从句时，所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻。从句通常用虚拟语气，具体来说：- 18 -(1) 当从句表示对现在情况的虚拟，谓语用一般过去时， be 动词常用 were ；(2) 当从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，谓语用过去完成时；(3) 当从句表示对将来情况的虚拟，谓语用 would/could/

51、might+ 动词原形。? The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl. 这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的。? He talked as if he had known her. 他说起话来像他早就认识她似的。3. as if 后可接 v-ing 或不定式。? From time to time he turned round as if searching for someone. 他不时地转身，好像在找人一样。? He paused, as if to let them pay attention. 他停了下来，好像想让

52、他们注意到自己。单句改错1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks even if it were broken.2. The man looked as if he has been ill.【答案】v-ing 形式作宾语补足语、表语总述：v-ing 形式由动词原形 +-ing 构成，可分为动名词和现在分词，不能单独作谓语。1. 动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。? Traveling a lot can be useful. 多旅行大有益处。 ( 作主语 )- 19 -? She enjoys reading ro

53、mance. 她喜欢读传奇小说。 ( 作宾语 )? The most funny part is playing roles. 最有趣的部分是扮演角色。 ( 作表语 )? Remember to bring a sleeping bag for the camping. 记得带一个野营用的睡袋。 ( 作定语)2. 现在分词在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。? The situation is very encouraging. 形势非常鼓舞人心。 ( 作表语 )? Dont wake u p the sleeping girl. 不要叫醒那个熟睡的女孩。 ( 作定语 )? We heard grandpa coughing last night. 我们昨晚听到爷爷咳嗽了。 ( 作宾语补足语 )【特别提醒】1. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主动关系。现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主动关系。? a waiting room=a room for waiting 候车室 ( 动名词作定语 )? a waiting man=a man who is waiting 一个等待的男人 ( 现在分词作定语 )2. 动名词作表语时， 其与主语通常是对等的关系， 表