2019中考英语备战：直接引语与间接引语

1、2019 中考英语备战：直接引语与间接引语语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由 于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相对应的变化。1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said ，例：“I am going to the cinema. ” She said (that) she was going to the cinema. 一般疑问句用 if/whet

2、her 连接，例：“Have you ever travelled by plane? ” she asked me. She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane. 反意疑问句用 if/whether 连接，例：He asked ，“You are a doctor ， arent you? ” He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor. 特殊疑问句由原疑问词连接 (如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序 ) ，例：He asked, “Who will come to help us? ” He as

3、ked who would come to help them.She said, “Where have you been ， Simon?” She asked Simon where he had been.选择疑问句由 whether or 引导，例：Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer? ” Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer. 祈使句用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something ”结构，将动词原形变为动词

4、不定式，例：“Put up your hands ，” said the teacher. The teacher told them to put up their hands.“Dont play football on the street ，” the policeman said. The policeman ordered us not to play football on thestreet.2.时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相对应变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在实行时过去实行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过

5、去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时( 不变)一般将来时过去将来时3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语，直接引语变间接引语时的变化 指示代词this thatthese those时间状语now thentoday that daytonight that nightthis morning (week ， month ) that morning (week ，month )tomorrow the next daynext week (month ) the next week (month )yesterday the day beforelast week (month ) the wee

6、k (month ) beforethree days (a year ) ago three days (a year ) before 地点状语here there动词come go特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述， here 就不必改为there ；如果就在当天转述， yesterday ，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。直击考点一、单项填空1. My parents always tell me _ others lateat night. Theyre right. It s not polite.A. call B. not ca

7、ll C. to call D. not to call(06 年 福州)【答案】 D【解析】从答语“他们说得对，那是不礼貌的”可知，“ Myparents always tell me ”意为“父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话”。动词不定式是 not to do ，即 tell sb. not to do sth. 。2. This morning my mother asked me _.A. why he is not here B. how did my brother do itC. what time is it D. what Judy did over the weekend(

8、06 年长春)【答案】 D【解析】主句动词asked 是过去式，间接引语应用与过去相关的时态，并用陈述语序，只有选项D符合要求。3. They say there _ a new bridge across the river in twoyears.A. will have B. is going to be C. has(06 年 武汉)【答案】B【解析】They say 句是一般现在时，又因 in two years “两年之后”，间接引语要用一般将来时 ; there be 不可与 have 一起用，故答案是 B。4. Could you tell me _? Glad to help

9、.A. if I have been to the Great Wall B. where did he studyC. h ow I can get to the station D. what s your name(06 年 锦州)【答案】C【解析】根据间接引语应该是陈述句语序，排除 B、D选项，A意思不合逻辑。句中 could 是一种委婉语气，不要和过去时态联系在一起。5. The students said they _ have a picnic together afterthe big test.A. would love to B. would love C. had lov

10、e D. had love(06 年 呼和浩特)【答案】A【解析】主句中的 said 是动词过去式，从 after the big test 可判断，间接引语应该用过去将来时 ; to have a picnic together 是would love 的宾语。6. What did the head teacher say at themeeting? He said ， “We _ be proud of working hard. We mustn tbe lazy. ”A. must B. needn t C. may D. can t(06 年 福州)【答案】A【解析】此题是一句直

11、接引语，根据句意“我们应该以勤劳为荣，不应该懒惰”，选择 A。7. Who can tell me _ at the meeting?A. what he said B. he said whatC. what did he say D. how he said(06 年 徐州)【答案】A【解析】根据间接引语对连接词和语序的要求，排除 B、C选项;said 是及物动词， what 作宾语。8. Will you please tell us _ before you came to our city?A. where do you work B. where did you workC. wh

12、ere you worked(06 年 成都)【答案】C【解析】 从句应该是用陈述语序。二、根据要求完成下列各题。1. If you ask someone to help you carry a heavy box ， whatwill you say?(06 年 连云港)【答案】Could you give/lend me a hand? 或：Could you helpm e，please?【解析】因为请求别人帮忙，所以说话语气要委婉，使用 could 要比 can 更好。2. My brother said he _ (let) me have the bike as soonas he had cleaned it.( 用所给词的适当形式填空 )(06 年 无锡)【答案】would let/ was going to let【解析】as soon as 引导的是时间状语从句，因为主句是过去式，所以从