2021年大学英语写作教程考试

1、大学英语写作教程考试 没做好准备的话，大学英语写作教程怎么考?下面是 _给大家的大学英语写作教程怎么考试，供大家参阅! Senten _ fragments： 句子碎片： senten _s are plete thoughts because they are have subjects and verbs and because they require no other elements to plete their meaning. 句子是完整的主题有完整的主语和谓语，而且并不需要成分来补充它的意思。 When any one of these dependent units is p

2、unctuated with a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop (period， excla _tion point，or question _rk)at the end，it is called a senten _ fragment. 当任何一个非 _成分被句首大写字母强调并且末尾有一个停顿(句号， 感叹号，问号)，他被称为句子片段 A senten _ fragment can be corrected in various ways： 句子碎片可以用多种不同的方法修正 a. by joining it to anothe

3、r senten _ 把它加入进另一个句子 b. by supplying a subject and a predicate提供一个主语和谓语 c. by rewriting the passage in which it ours在不改变句意的范围内重写 Any verbless or subjectless fragment of a senten _ ，whether you can classify it or not，should not be allowed to stand as a senten _. 任何没有主语或谓语的句子碎片，不管是否分类，都不应该当做句子。 A. A

4、verbless or subjectless fragment can be corrected by adding a subject or verb aordingly;by attaching the fragment to the senten _ that es before it or the senten _ that es after it ，whichever _kes sense ;or by rewriting the fragment entirely. 一个缺少主语或谓语的句子碎片可以通过增加一个相应的主语或谓语来改正;或通过把句子碎片加入它前面或后面的句子使其合理

5、的完整;或完全的重写句子碎片。 B. Addeddetail fragments also lack a subject and a verb .They often begin with one of the following words.;for example ，also，ex _pt，such as ，including，especially，namely 额外的碎片也是缺少主语和谓语的。大多是以以下的词开始的;例如，并且，除了，像，包含，特别，即 An addeddetail fragments can be corrected in one of the three ways b

6、elow： 额外碎片可以通过以下三种方式改正 a. Attach the fragment to the plete thought that pre _des it. 附加到他之前的完整意思中 b. Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to _ke it a plete senten _. 在碎片中加入主语和谓语使他成为一个完整的句子 c. Change words ne _ssary to _ke the fragment part of the senten _. 改变必要的词汇使句子碎片成为一个句子 Runon senten _ 连写句 A

7、 runon senten _ is tow or more plete thoughts (or independent clauses)without adequate sign given to _rk the break between them. 连写句是两个或两个以上的写在一起且中间没有明显停顿标记的完整的意思( _句) They _y be corrected in four principal ways： 连写句的四种主要的改正方法： a. Use a period and write two separate senten _.用一个句号把它写成两个分开的不同的句子。 b.

8、Use a _ and a coordinating conjunction用逗号和适合的连词 c. Use a semicolon用一个分号 d. Make one of the clauses dependent 使其中的一个句子变为从句 Mispla _d and dangling modifiers 错位修饰语和悬垂修饰语 A modifier is a word，a phrase，or a clause that functions in the senten _ to modify，that is，to limit，qualify，or restrict the meaning o

9、f another word, phrase ,clause.Mispla _d and dangling modifiers break a fundamental rule that all modifiers must be near the word they modify. Mispla _d and dangling modifiers modify either the wrong word or no word at all。错位修饰语和悬垂修饰语修饰语在句子中的职能就是去修饰和限定句子中的另一个词的意思。错位修饰语和悬垂修饰语破坏了修饰语必须挨着他所修饰的那个词的基本的规则。

10、错位修饰语和悬垂修饰语都修饰了错误的词或没有起到修饰的作用。 Mispla _d modifiers 错位修饰语 A modifier is mispla _d when it appears so far from what it is supposed to modify that the connection is no longer clear or modifier seems to modify something else 当一个修饰语出现在离他要修饰的词很远的地方时，修饰看起来不再明显或像在修饰其他的什么。 Squinting modifiers 偏斜修饰语 A squinti

11、ng modifier is a word or phrase that appears to modify both the words that pre _de and follow it. Such a modifier seems to be looking in two directions at on _.The result is a senten _ with two possible meanings。 偏斜修饰语就是指一个修饰词看起来在同时修饰他前后的两个词,看起来是在一次修饰两个方向，结果句子就出现了两种可能的意思。 Split infinitives _不定式 A sp

12、lit infinitive is a construction in which the sign of the infinitive “to”has been separated from the verb with which it is associated. _不定式是将to 和有 _的那个动词隔离开的结构。 Dangling modifiers 悬垂修饰语 A dangling modifier is a group of word that has no gram _tical connection to any element in the senten _. 悬垂修饰语是一组

13、在句子中与任何元素都没有语法 _的修饰语。 There are five kinds of dangling modifiers：五种悬垂修饰 a. dangling participles 悬垂分词 b. dangling gerunds悬垂动名词 c. dangling infinitives 悬垂不定式 d. dangling elliptical clauses悬垂精简句 e. dangling prepositional phrases悬垂介词短语 Correcting dangling modifiers 校正悬垂修饰语 a. One way is to leave the mod

14、ifier as it is and to rewrite the _in clause so that its subject what the writer meant to modify。 一种方法是舍弃修饰语照现在的样子改写主句，以便明白什么才是 _修饰的主题。 b. Another way to correct senten _ containing dangling modifiers is to change the dangling construction into a subordinate clause. 另一种改正包含悬垂修饰语的句子方法是将悬垂结构改成一个从句。 c.

15、 The third way to eliminate dangling modifiers is to recast the entire senten _. 第三种方法是省略悬垂修饰语，重写完整的句子。 Pronoun referen _ 指示代词 Pronouns are useful because they take the pla _ of nouns (persons，pla _s， or things)，which otherwise would have to repeated over and over.指示代词代替那些在句子中多次出现的名词。 Ante _dent 先行词

16、 代词所指代的那个词。每个代词有且只有一个先行词 Pronoun must be used in such a way as to _ke their exact referen _ clear. 代词必须在这样的方式中使用已明确他们的职权 a. more than one possible ante _dent 不可以有多个先行词 b. it has no ante _dent at all 没有先行词 Weak referen _ 暗示指代 Weak referen _ refers to the type of the senten _ in which the ante _dent o

17、f a pronoun is implied or unspecified. 暗示指代是代词的先行词是暗示或未指定的句子类型 Implied pronoun referen _ also refers to the type of senten _ in which the same pronoun stands for different implied ante _dents. 暗含代词也引用同样的代名词代表不同的隐含先行词的句子类型 Broad referen _ 宽泛指代 There are two ways to improve broad referen _：两种改善宽泛指代的方法

18、 a. Eliminate the pronoun 不要使用代词 b. Change the pronoun to a demonstrative adjective by giving it a noun to modify 把代词变为指示形容词 Paralleli _ 平行 排比 Paralleli _ is the rhetorical principle that senten _ elements having the same gram _tical function should be put in the same gram _tical form. It is the wri

19、ters technique of balancing like with like noun with noun，verb with verb， infinitive with infinitive，phrase with phrase，clause with clause，and so forth. 平行的修辞原则就是句子中有相同的语 _能的成分要放在相同的语法结构中。这是作家们对类似物的平衡技巧，名词和名词，动词和动词，不定式和不定式，短语和短语，分句和分句，等等。 Value of paralleli _ 排比的价值 It is used by writers for two reas

20、ons ：to _ke a senten _ _ooth and coherent rather than jerky and awkward，and to give senten _s rhythm，balan _，and greater for _. _用排比来保持句子的流畅和连贯，和给句子 节奏 平衡 强调语气 Techniques used in gaining paralleli _ 排比的使用方法 a. Elements joined by coordinating conjunctions加入并列连词 b. Elements joined by correlative conju

21、nctions 加入关联连词 c. Repetition of _rtain word 重复一些有特点的词 Unne _ssary shifts 不必要的变幻 An unne _ssary shift，as the name implies ，is a suddenandinexplicable shift in the point of view used by the writer.不必要的变幻就像名字的暗示是 _不可说明的观点 A good writer needs to keep consistency in voi _，tense，mood，person and discourse.

22、 一个好的 _要保持语态 时态 语气 人称 以及叙事方式的一致 a. Unne _ssary shifts in voi _ or subject语态一致 b. Unne _ssary shifts in tense时态上的一致 c. Unne _ssary shifts in mood语气上的一致 d. Unne _ssary shifts in person or number人称 数上的一致 e. Unne _ssary shifts in discourse叙事方式上的一致 f. Discourse (speech)can be either direct or indirect叙事方

23、式可以是直接引语或间接引语 Senten _ emphasis 句子开头的多样性 a. begin senten _s with an appositive用同位语做句子开头 b. begin senten _s with an adverb 用副词做句子开头 c. begin senten _s with an adjective or adjective phrase用形容词或形容词短语做句子开头 d. begin senten _s with participial phrase用分词短语做句子开头 e. begin senten _s with an infinitive phrase

24、用不定式短语做句子开头 f. begin senten _s with a prepositional phrase用介词短语做句子开头 g. begin senten _s with clause modifiers用从句做句子开头 B. Varying the kinds of senten _s 句子种类的多样性 A )Use _，pound，and plex senten _s 用简单句并列句以及含有从句的复杂句 B)use rhetorical senten _s 运用修辞手法 a.the loose senten _s 松散句 b.the periodic senten _s 圆周

25、句 c.Senten _s are not ne _ssarily periodic or loose throughout句子不一定是松散句或圆周句 d.the balan _d senten _ is one that contains two or more phrases or clauses similar in form about the same length ，but often contrasted in meaning. 平衡句子是在对相同长度中的句子包括两个或两个以上的相似形式短语或分句 C. Varying the length of senten _s 句子长度的多

26、样性 Coordination 并列连词 Coordination is the linking of equally weighed elements . 连词可连接相等重量的元素 In _igent use of coordination can help give _oothness , variety , emphasis and unity to our writing . 聪明的运用连词可以使句子通顺，多样性，加强语气，增强我们文章的统一性。 Patterns of coordination 连词的模式 A. _ coordination 简单的连词 B. a second pat

27、tern of coordination _kes use of correlative conjunctions to strengthen the connection between two coordination elements 第二种连词的模式利用相关加强协调两个连词元素的连接 C. a third pattern of coordination involves the series , a list of three or more items . 第三种连词的模式包含一系列、列表、三个或更多的物品 Try eliminating all conjunctions ; it is even possible to bine in a single senten _ a series that repeats conjunctions with one that eliminates the rest pletely ; they can be grouped into pairs . 试着