英语四级模拟2加答案

1、Model Test 2, Band 4Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 150 words, following the outline given below in Chinese:1 越来越多的人涌人大城市，有些问题随之产生2 比较明显的问题有3我对这种现象的想法City Problems作文请写在批改网上

2、；用户登录后，点击“自测作文”，在弹出的页面上操作。没有账户或者忘记账户的同学可重新注册Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices ma

3、rked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Paper-More than Meets the EyeWe are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is

4、 fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look go

5、od, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word paper. Man

6、y of these are very specialized, but the superiority of paper materials has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from Wood In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong

7、alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rathe

8、r more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since

9、 it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and

10、look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufactu

11、re, the obvious question is why is it left in the paper? The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly unecono

12、mic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper o

13、r card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly,

14、you cannot always rely on the label. Acid-free might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.Added to t

15、his, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you

16、 want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get ther

17、e in the end.Paper from Rag Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable sour

18、ce though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on

19、purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than _. A high g

20、rade cardB middle grade cardC low grade cardD any grade card2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are _.A woods, cottons and grassesB soft wood and cottonC soft wood, cotton and ragsD cottons and grasses3. During the whole manufacturing process,

21、 the final product is made from_.A strong alkaliesB caustic sodaC cellulose fibresD a pulp of cellulose fibres4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add _.A albescentB bleachC escharoticD lysozyme5. _ is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.A AcidB AlkaliC C

22、ellulose fibresD Liguin6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because_.A leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yieldB leaving the lignin will increase paper yieldC liguin is very useful in the processD lignin is essential for making paper7. _ is particularly harmful to

23、 photographic materials,A LiguinB BleachC AcidD Chemical whiteners8. Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to _.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because_.10. What we can learn from Paper from Rag is that you had be

24、tter buy archival materials from_.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A11. A The man was confused about the date of the appointment. B The man wants to change the date of the appointment. C The man is glad hes got in touch with the doctor. D The man cant come for the appointment at

25、4:15.12. A Wait for him until he finishes his class. B Invite Judie to play instead. C Cancel the game and stay at home. D Go to attend the class with him.13. A She was considerate. B She was unforgiving. C She was apologetic. D She was sympathetic.14. A It is totally different this time. B It has n

26、othing to do with the textbook. C Most of the questions arent from the textbook. D Half of the questions are in the textbook.15. A He cant afford to buy the ticket. B He needs a break from the math problem. C He doesnt want to go to the opera. D Hell meet the woman when he has finished the math prob

27、lem.16. A Professor Harrison doesnt teach well. B The woman doesnt have to borrow notes from Jim. C Jims notes are good for the woman to borrow. D The woman shouldnt have been absent-minded in the lecture.17. A She would mark the exam papers herself. B She would not give her students an exam. C She

28、would collect the exam papers herself. D Her teaching assistant would grade the exam papers.18. A Hes eager to start his new job. B His job starts early next week. C He believes the job interview went well. D His professor was mistaken about the job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation y

29、ou have just heard.19. A The country. B Another country.C Cornfield. D Birmingham.20. A He might get his passport. B He might get some money and clothes. C He might make himself armed. D He might make a call.21. A He will meet her in another country. B They will go to another country together. C He

30、will leave her in the country. D He will appear somewhere near her.22. A By air. B By car.C By sea. D By train.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A They left their pets with neighbors. B They rented their house to a student. C They hired someone to stay in their

31、 home. D They asked their gardener to watch their house.24. A They look at a house sitters score report. B They interview a house sitters friends. C They check a house sitters references. D They attend a house sitters party.25. A The homeowner is afraid of being accused. B The house sitter pleads ag

32、ain and again. C Most house-sitters are very poor. D The homeowner doesnt want to bother.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A Neutral. B Opposed. C Approving. D Supportive.27. A Because FDA approved them. B Because they cannot read the labels. C B

33、ecause they support the new technique. D Because they cannot tell which one is the cloned food.28. A More and more people accept cloned milk and meat. B FDA approved that cloned food is safe for human beings. C American farmers produce more milk than the people can consume. D Because more milk is pr

34、oduced by cloned cows, the milk price is reduced.29. A It may cause unintended bad results to human beings. B It is developed well enough to clone human beings. C It will bring more unexpected economic benefits. D It is supported by ethicists and religious leaders.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are b

35、ased on the passage you have just heard.30. A To tell us how much time the new bridge will spend. B To tell us how much money the new bridge will cost. C To tell us China has started to build the longest bridge across the sea in the world. D To tell us why China began to build the longest bridge acr

36、oss the sea in the world.31. A 120kms. B 184kms. C 268kms. D 304kms.32. A To make it easy to enjoy the beautiful scene of the sea. B To show Chinas growing economic power. C To help develop economy. D To do wonders.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A As

37、k for their names. B Name babies after them. C Put down their names. D Choose names for them.34. A If the family tree is fairly limited. B If the family tie is strong enough. C If the name is commonly used. D If nobody in the family complains.35. A It will show the beauty of its own. B It will devel

38、op more associations. C It will lose the original meaning. D It will help form the babys personality.Section CSixteen-year-old Michael Viscardsi of San Diego won first prize in the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. He showed (36) _ to a nineteen-century math problem.

39、Michael has been (37) _ by his mother, who has a doctorate in neuroscience. He also worked on his project with a professor at a university.The National Center for Education Statistics did its (38) _ research on home-schooling in 2003. Researchers (39) _ that more than one million American students l

40、earned at home. That was more than two percent of the school-age population. Michael Viscardsi, for example, has been taught mostly at home, but with (40) _ math classes at a local university. The researchers asked parents why they home-schooled their children. Thirty-one percent said the most impor

41、tant reason was (41) _ about the environment of the local schools. Thirty percent said it was to provide (42) _ instruction. Sixteen percent said they were not satisfied with the quality of the (43) _ in the local schools. (44) _. An education expert said much of this increase was in cities with his

42、tories of racial tension. Also, (45) _.Critics of home-schooling say children need to attend school to help them learn social skills. They also say that home-schooled children do not get a very good education. Still, (46) _.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes) Section ADirect

43、ions: In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word fit each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank bellowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before trucking your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. You may not

44、use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequence

45、s, argue that rewards can _47_ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on _48_ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, _49_ among educato

46、rs. But the careful use of small _50_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed _51_inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focu

47、s on a relatively _52_ task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to _53_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or

48、who hands our high grades for _54_ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and _55_ failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which

49、students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows _56_ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A) mental B) promise C) kill D) avoid E) hope F) especially G) aid H) ordinary I) approval J) monetary K) generally L) imp

50、rove M) challenging N) restore O) excellent47. _48. _49. _50. _51. _52. _53. _54. _55. _56. _Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide

51、 on the best choicePassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbedes (1994) article on high illiteracy（文盲） rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view t

52、heir role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization (贫民) compels them to intervene on the side of the marg

53、inalized (使处于社会边缘). Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that

54、literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students en